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Cited by 182Psychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology ResearchPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 95 of the 96 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Animal defensive reactions as a model for trauma-induced dissociative reactions

Nijenhuis, Ellert R. S., Vanderlinden, Johan, Spinhoven, Philip·1998·Journal of Traumatic Stress
DOI 10.1023/a:1024447003022
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Abstract

Patients with complex dissociative disorders remain in alternating psychophysiological states which are discrete, discontinuous, and resistant against integrative tendencies. In this contribution, a parallel is drawn between animal defensive and recuperative states that are evoked in the face of severe threat and the characteristic responses of dissociative disorder patients as displayed in major dissociative states. Empirical data and clinical observations seem to be supportive of the idea that there are similarities between freezing, concomitant development of analgesia and anesthesia, and acute pain in threatened animals and severely traumatized human beings.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1023/a:1024447003022

Cites

95 of 95 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The phenomenon of simultaneous extreme sympathetic and parasympathetic activation has been verified by other researchers and is believed to underlie tonic immobility, which occurs in both animals and humans under conditions of extreme stress.

    “This phenomenon has been verified by other researchers (Paton et al., 2006), and is believed to underlie the well-recognized phenomenon of “tonic immobility” (Nijenhuis et al., 1998a; Marx et al., 2008), which is known to occur in both animals and humans under conditions of extreme stress.”

    From Somatic experiencing: using interoception and proprioception as core elements of trauma therapy (2015) · cites this paper as Nijenhuis et al., 1998a

  • In response to threat and injury animals, including humans, execute biologically based, non-conscious action patterns that prepare them to meet the threat by defending themselves.

    “In response to threat and injury animals, including humans, execute biologically based, non-conscious action patterns that prepare them to meet the threat by defending themselves.”

    From Somatic experiencing: using interoception and proprioception as core elements of trauma therapy (2015) · cites this paper as Nijenhuis et al., 1998a

  • The defence cascade model of dissociation proposes that state dissociation occurs on a continuum.

    “the defence cascade model of dissociation proposes that state dissociation occurs on a continuum (Nijenhuis et al., 1998;Schauer”

    From A review of the relation between dissociation, memory, executive functioning and social cognition in military members and civilians with neuropsychiatric conditions (2016) · cites this paper as Nijenhuis et al., 1998

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 96 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 18

  1. Albach F., 1993, Freud's verleidingstheorie: Incest, trauma en hysterie [Freud's seduction theory: Incest, trauma, and hysteria]
  2. 10.1002/jts.2490080403 · DOI
  3. Campos J. J., 1983, Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 2: Infancy and developmental psychobiology, 783
  4. Draijer N., 1990, Seksuele traumatisering in de jeugd: Gevolgen op lange termijn van seksueel misbruik door verwanten [Sexual traumatization in childhood: Long‐term consequences of sexual abuse by relatives]
  5. Hornstein N., 1993, Recognition and differential diagnosis of dissociative disorders in children and adolescents, Dissociation, 2, 136
  6. Janet P., 1889, L' Automatisme psychologique [Psychological automatism]. Paris: Félix Alcan
  7. Janet P., 1928, L'Evolution de la mémoire et la notion du temps [The evolution of memory and the notion of time]
  8. Nijenhuis E. R. S., 1994, Dissociatieve stoornissen en psychotrauma [Dissociative disorders and psychotrauma]
  9. Nijenhuis E. R. S., 1995, Dissociatie: een fenomeen opnieuw belicht, 35
  10. Van der Pitman R. K., 1990, Naloxone reversible stress induced analgesia in post traumatic stress disorder, Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, 541
  11. Putnam F. W., 1986, The clinical phenomenology of multiple personality disorder, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 47, 285
  12. Reagor P. A., 1992, A checklist for screening dissociative disorders in children and adolescents, Dissociation, 5, 4
  13. Rivers W. H. R., 1920, Instinct and the unconsciousness. A contribution to a biological theory of the psychoneuroses
  14. Smit Y. L. S., 1994, Multiple personality disorder: Coping with noxious and infamous events, and daily problems
  15. Tyson G. M., 1992, Childhood MPD/dissociative identity disorder: Applying and extending current diagnostic checklists, Dissociation, 5, 20
  16. van der Kolk B. A., 1987, Psychological trauma
  17. van der Kolk B. A., 1987, Psychological trauma, 63
  18. Wolff P. H., 1987, The development of behavioral states and the expression of emotions in early infancy

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Metadata

Authors
Nijenhuis, E. R. S., Vanderlinden, J., & Spinhoven, P.
Affiliations
  • GGZ Drenthe (NL)
  • Leiden University (NL)
Corresponding author
Nijenhuis, Ellert R. S.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Traumatic Stress
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1998-04
Volume
11
Issue
2
Pages
243-260
ISSN
  • 0894-9867 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-6598
DOI
10.1023/a:1024447003022
OpenAlex
W2111233058
Cited by
182
References
96
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
FWCI
1.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 2647 d)
Locations
  • Journal of Traumatic Stress (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Keywords
dissociative disorders, freezing response, analgesia, anesthesia, acute pain, threat response, psychophysiological state
MeSH terms
Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Dissociative Disorders, Escape Reaction, Humans, Models, Psychological, Predatory Behavior, Psychophysiology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

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