The DOI matches its Crossref record; 106 of the 106 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A leaf-height-seed (LHS) plant ecology strategy scheme
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“Plant community ecology and functional ecology (18, 22) have proven useful for understanding global patterns of vegetation.”
From Defining pyromes and global syndromes of fire regimes (2013) · cites this paper as [22]
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Items 401–500 of 1,000
The Implications of Scaling Approaches for Understanding Resilience and Reorganization in Ecosystems
Kerkhoff, A. J., & Enquist, B. J. (2007) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/b570606 · Cited by 65
“Communities can thus be considered combinations of traits, which are functionally informative and amenable to quantitative analysis, rather than combinations of species, which (as lists of names) are not (Westoby and Wright 2006).”
BackgroundInternational Biological Flora:Ginkgo biloba
Lin, H., Li, W. F., Lin, C., Wu, H., & Zhao, Y. (2022) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13856 · Cited by 64
“Specific leaf area (SLA) is a useful measure of leaf economy and represents one main axis of the plant ecology strategy scheme (Westoby, 1998).”
BackgroundFry, E. L., Power, S. A., & Manning, P. (2013) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/jvs.12068 · Cited by 67
Understanding the role of species richness for crop pollination services
Klein, A., MÜLLER, C. B., Höhn, P., & Kremen, C. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547951.003.0014 · Cited by 65
Plant functional traits and nutrient gradients on grassland
Schellberg, J., & Pontes, L. D. S. (2012) · Grass and Forage Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.2012.00867.x · Cited by 63
Carmona, C. P., Mason, N. W. H., Azcárate, F. M., & Peco, B. (2014) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/jvs.12260 · Cited by 63
“In this paper, we examine the functional structure for three key plant traits (SLA, height and seedmass; Westoby 1998) between two habitats differing in resource availability, situated along a grazing intensity gradient in a wet and a dry year.”
BackgroundMethodApplying Functional Traits to Ecogeomorphic Processes in Riparian Ecosystems
Diehl, R. M., Merritt, D. M., Wilcox, A. C., & Scott, M. L. (2017) · BioScience · doi:10.1093/biosci/bix080 · Cited by 63
“Plant height at maturity is indicative of a plant’s general competitive ability (Westoby 1998), given the advantage of height in acquiring photosynthetically active radiation and accessing the most direct sunlight (Keddy and Shipley 1989).”
BackgroundFunctional traits shape size-dependent growth and mortality rates of dry forest tree species
Júnior, J. A. D. P., Schiavini, I., do Vale, V. S., Raymundo, D., Lopes, S. D. F., & Poorter, L. (2016) · Journal of Plant Ecology · doi:10.1093/jpe/rtw103 · Cited by 62
“2012; Westoby 1998).”
A Reframing of Trait–Demographic Rate Analyses for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Swenson, N. G., Worthy, S. J., Eubanks, D., Iida, Y., Monks, L., Petprakob, K., Rubio, V. E., Staiger, K., & Zambrano, J. (2019) · International Journal of Plant Sciences · doi:10.1086/706189 · Cited by 62
“An attractive conceptual property of trait-based ecology is that a plant biologist may measure a series of traits that indicate lifehistory and functional trade-off axes (Westoby 1998; Westoby et al. 2002).”
BackgroundWhat do you mean “functional” in ecology? Patterns versus processes
Volaire, F. A., Gleason, S. M., & Delzon, S. (2020) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.6781 · Cited by 62
“The primary advancement being the placement of measured traits directly onto quantitative axes, representing meaningful trait-space dimensions (Westoby, 1998).”
BackgroundEvolutionary and ecological correlates of early seedling morphology in East African trees and shrubs
Zanne, A. E., Chapman, C. A., & Kitajima, K. (2005) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.3732/ajb.92.6.972 · Cited by 62
“A subsample of seeds (average 5 37.4, range 5 2–650) was separated from fruit pulp and any dispersal appendages (e.g., wings or hairs as in Westoby, 1998), sun dried, and transported to the University of Florida.”
MethodInfluentialCan functional traits account for phylogenetic signal in community composition?
Li, D., Ives, A. R., & Waller, D. M. (2017) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.14397 · Cited by 60
“For both data sets, the available functional traits cover the leaf – height – seed (LHS) plant ecology strategy (Westoby, 1998) and represent multidimensional functions of plants associated with resource use, competitive ability, dispersal ability, and so on.”
Segrestin, J., Navas, M., & Garnier, É. (2019) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.16165 · Cited by 61
“A popular scheme initially described by Westoby (1998) and further tested by Diaz et al. (2004), Laughlin et al. (2010), D ıaz et al. (2016), postulates that at least three dimensions are of prime importance for plant structure and function: the first one pertains to plant regeneration, which…”
MethodEnvironmental controls override grazing effects on plant functional traits in Tibetan rangelands
Jäschke, Y., Heberling, G., & Wesche, K. (2019) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2435.13492 · Cited by 61
Schamp, B. S., & Aarssen, L. W. (2009) · Oikos · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.16589.x · Cited by 61
“First, maximum species height is an important functional trait (Westoby 1997, Westoby et al. 2002) that is frequently associated with competitive ability for light (Gaudet and Keddy 1988, Goldberg and Landa 1991, Rosch et al. 1997, Howard and Goldberg 2001, Warren et al. 2002, Fraser and Keddy…”
BackgroundSeed Number, Seed Size and Seed Diversity in Washington Lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.)
Aniszewski, T. (2001) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1006/anbo.2000.1300 · Cited by 61
May, F., Giladi, I., Ristow, M., Ziv, Y., & Jeltsch, F. (2013) · Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics · doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2013.08.002 · Cited by 61
Can traits predict the competitive response of herbaceous Mediterranean species?
Navas, M., & Moreau-Richard, J. (2004) · Acta Oecologica · doi:10.1016/j.actao.2004.10.002 · Cited by 61
N‐ dimensional hypervolumes to study stability of complex ecosystems
Barros, C., Thuiller, W., Georges, D., Boulangeat, I., & Münkemüller, T. (2016) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.12617 · Cited by 60
Govaert, S., Vangansbeke, P., Blondeel, H., Steppe, K., Verheyen, K., & Frenne, P. D. (2021) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13653 · Cited by 63
“Plant height and SLA are two out of three key life- history traits that are central to the leaf- height- seed framework of plant ecological strategies (Grime, 2006; Westoby, 1998).”
BackgroundTrait dimensions in bacteria and archaea compared to vascular plants
Westoby, M., Gillings, M. R., Madin, J. S., Nielsen, D. A., Paulsen, I. T., & Tetu, S. G. (2021) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.13742 · Cited by 60
Self-citationZhang, P., Ding, J., Wang, Q., McDowell, N. G., Kong, D., Tong, Y., & Yin, H. (2024) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.19678 · Cited by 60
Gallien, L., Mazel, F., Lavergne, S., Renaud, J., Douzet, R., & Thuiller, W. (2014) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-014-0803-1 · Cited by 60
“…and competitive ability: the specific leaf area (SLA; light-capturing area deployed per unit of leaf dry mass), the height of the plant’s canopy at maturity (Height) and the seed mass (SeedM), which are well-known components of the leaf-height-seed (LHS) syndrome of plant traits (Westoby 1998).”
BackgroundAssessing changes in plant distribution patterns—indicator species versus plant functional types
Cousins, S. A. O., & Lindborg, R. (2004) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2003.11.002 · Cited by 60
“seed mass, height, SLA (Weiher et al., 1999; Westoby, 1998), even in environments exposed to land-use change leading towards succession.”
BackgroundContrasting functional trait syndromes underlay woody alien success in the same ecosystem
Tecco, P. A., Urcelay, C., Díaz, S. M., Cabido, M., & Harguindeguy, N. P. (2012) · Austral Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2012.02428.x · Cited by 60
“Specifically, we aimed to test for functional divergence over a wider set of functional traits, including some known to be at least partially decoupled from the traits that determine resource acquisition strategy (Leishman & Westoby 1992; Westoby 1998).”
BackgroundKühner, A., & Michael Kleyer, A. (2008) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.3170/2008-8-18436 · Cited by 60
“Westoby (1998) suggested a plant strategy scheme based on seed mass, SLA and canopy height.”
BackgroundStanisci, A., Bricca, A., Calabrese, V., Cutini, M., Pauli, H., Steinbauer, K., & Carranza, M. L. (2020) · AoB Plants · doi:10.1093/aobpla/plaa004 · Cited by 59
Fontes, C. G., Fine, P. V. A., Wittmann, F., Bittencourt, P., Piedade, M. T. F., Higuchi, N., Chambers, J. Q., & Dawson, T. E. (2020) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.16675 · Cited by 59
“These results suggest that nonflooded habitat species may invest more in tissue quality to enhance the retention of captured resources, protection against herbivores, mechanical strength and/or longer leaf lifespans (Reich et al., 1997; Westoby, 1998; Fortunel et al., 2013; Kunstler et al., 2016) than their congeneric…”
BackgroundCingolani, A. M., Vaieretti, M. V., Giorgis, M. A., Poca, M., Tecco, P. A., & Gurvich, D. E. (2014) · Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics · doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2014.04.002 · Cited by 59
Engst, K., Baasch, A., Erfmeier, A., Jandt, U., May, K., Schmiede, R., & Bruelheide, H. (2016) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12623 · Cited by 60
“…have to compete with fast-growing matrix species, traits have to be considered that describe a species’ competitive ability, such as plant height (Westoby 1998; Cornelissen et al. 2003) and specific leaf area (SLA) as the key trait in the leaf economics spectrum (LES, Wright et al. 2004), as…”
BackgroundPinto‐Ledezma, J. N., Larkin, D. J., & Cavender-Bares, J. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2018.00194 · Cited by 59
“For example, seed mass (SM) influences dispersal, with small-seeded plants generally having higher dispersal capacity than large-seeded plants; however, larger seeds are typically better provisioned and may confer advantages in establishment (Westoby, 1998; Moles et al., 2005; Qian, 2009).”
BackgroundYang, Z., Hautier, Y., Borer, E. T., Zhang, C., & Du, G. (2015) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3313-7 · Cited by 59
A century of increasing pine density and associated shifts in understory plant strategies
Laughlin, D. C., Moore, M. M., & Fulé, P. Z. (2010) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/09-2103.1 · Cited by 58
Functional trait variation of forest understorey plant communities across Europe
Vanneste, T., Valdés, A., Verheyen, K., Perring, M. P., Bernhardt‐Römermann, M., Andrieu, É., Brunet, J., Cousins, S. A. O., Deconchat, M., SMEDT, P. D., et al. (2018) · Basic and Applied Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.baae.2018.09.004 · Cited by 58
“We specifically focused on the minimally eeded trait spectrum, i.e. the leaf-height-seed (LHS) trait pace (Westoby, 1998), which relies on a combination of asily measurable traits known to reflect key aspects of ecoogical strategies amongst vascular plant species (Diaz et al., 004).”
BackgroundAkram, M. A., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Shrestha, N., Malik, K., Khan, I. M., Ma, W., Sun, Y., Li, F., Ran, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Plant Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153671 · Cited by 58
Assessing the vulnerability of plant functional trait strategies to climate change
Andrew, S. C., Gallagher, R. V., Wright, I. J., & Mokany, K. (2022) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.13501 · Cited by 58
“Used in combination, functional traits can summarize plant life history strategies that are crucial to species survival and competitiveness in different environments (Díaz et al., 2016 ; Westoby, 1998).”
BackgroundMensah, S., Houehanou, T. D., Sogbohossou, E. A., Assogbadjo, A. E., & Kakaï, R. G. (2014) · South African Journal of Botany · doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2014.09.008 · Cited by 57
Kahmen, S., & Poschlod, P. (2007) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1093/aob/mcm311 · Cited by 58
“For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org doi:10.1093/aob/mcm311, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org 1995; Westoby, 1998), and that these correlated traits may therefore condition the response of seed mass. Concluding from a germination study of calcareous…”
BackgroundInfluentialAbundance and habitat segregation in Mediterranean grassland species: the importance of seed weight
Azcárate, F. M., Sánchez, A. M., Arqueros, L., & Peco, B. (2002) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02035.x · Cited by 58
Seeds Use Temperature Cues to Ensure Germination under Nurse-plant Shade in Xeric Kalahari Savannah
Kos, M., & Poschlod, P. (2007) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1093/aob/mcl293 · Cited by 58
“Seed mass was determined for 20 seeds individually according to the protocol in Westoby (1998).”
MethodCunniff, J., Wilkinson, S., Charles, M., Jones, G., Rees, M., & Osborne, C. P. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087586 · Cited by 57
Estimating themissing species bias in plant trait measurements
Sandel, B., Gutiérrez, Á. G., Reich, P. B., Schrodt, F., Dickie, J., & Kattge, J. (2015) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/jvs.12292 · Cited by 57
Multi-scale phylogenetic structure in coastal dune plant communities across the globe
Brunbjerg, A. K., Cavender-Bares, J. M., Eiserhardt, W. L., Ejrnæs, R., Aarssen, L. W., Buckley, H. L., Forey, E., Jansen, F., Kattge, J., Lane, C., et al. (2014) · Journal of Plant Ecology · doi:10.1093/jpe/rtt069 · Cited by 60
“Plant height and seed mass are thought to be particularly important in reflecting species’ ecological strategies related to disturbance (Weiher et al., 1999; Westoby, 1998).”
BackgroundInfluentialLocal-scale Partitioning of Functional and Phylogenetic Beta Diversity in a Tropical Tree Assemblage
Yang, J., Swenson, N. G., Zhang, G., Ci, X., Cao, M., Sha, L., Li, J., Slik, J. W. F., & Lin, L. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep12731 · Cited by 57
Larson, J. E., Sheley, R. L., Hardegree, S. P., Doescher, P. S., & James, J. J. (2015) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3430-3 · Cited by 56
Janeček, Š., de Bello, F., Horník, J., Bartoš, M., Černý, T., Doležal, J., Dvorský, M., Fajmon, K., Janečková, P., Jiráská, Š., et al. (2013) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/jvs.12012 · Cited by 56
Chalmandrier, L., Münkemüller, T., Lavergne, S., & Thuiller, W. (2014) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/13-2153.1 · Cited by 56
“In other words, the leaf–height–seed strategy scheme (Westoby 1998) was mainly informative about environmental filters driven by climatic gradients.”
BackgroundMethodIntraspecific variation in soy across the leaf economics spectrum
Hayes, F. J., Buchanan, S.-W., Coleman, B., Gordon, A. M., Reich, P. B., Thevathasan, N. V., Wright, I. J., & Martin, A. R. (2018) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1093/aob/mcy147 · Cited by 56
Functional traits modulate the response of alien plants along abiotic and biotic gradients
Carboni, M., Calderón‐Sanou, I., Pollock, L. J., Violle, C., & Thuiller, W. (2018) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.12775 · Cited by 56
Rahmanian, S., Hejda, M., Ejtehadi, H., Farzam, M., Memariani, F., & Pyšek, P. (2019) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.5396 · Cited by 56
“These traits have been described as indicators of plant dispersal, establishment, persistence, and response to grazing (Díaz et al., 2007; Weiher et al., 1999) and represent an extension of the LHS scheme (leaf, height, seed traits; Westoby, 1998; see also Hejda & de Bello, 2013).”
BackgroundPlant ecological indicator values as predictors of fine‐root trait variations
Fort, F., & Freschet, G. T. (2020) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13368 · Cited by 56
“56 Understanding the strategies that allow species to establish and sustain a population in a habitat is a central 57 goal in ecology (Craine, Froehle, Tilman, Wedin & Chapin, 2001; Grime, 1977; Westoby, 1998).”
BackgroundConservation management in fens: Do large tracked mowers impact functional plant diversity?
Kotowski, W., Jabłońska, E., & Bartoszuk, H. (2013) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2013.08.021 · Cited by 56
“High SLA species are usually better competitors for light, while at the same time poorer stress tolerators (Westoby, 1998).”
BackgroundA functional trait approach to fen restoration analysis
Hedberg, P., Saetre, P., Sundberg, S., Rydin, H., & Kotowski, W. (2013) · Applied Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/avsc.12042 · Cited by 55
E‐Vojtkó, A., Junker, R. R., de Bello, F., & Götzenberger, L. (2022) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.18386 · Cited by 55
“Leading dimensions of plant ecological strategies have been widely studied in the last two decades (Westoby, 1998; Laugh-lin, 2014).”
Convergence in plant traits between species within grassland communities simplifies their monitoring
Ansquer, P., Duru, M., Theau, J., & Cruz, P. (2009) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.12.002 · Cited by 55
Pierce, S., Bottinelli, A., Bassani, I., Ceriani, R. M., & Cerabolini, B. E. L. (2014) · Plant Ecology · doi:10.1007/s11258-014-0392-1 · Cited by 55
“…for plant functional classification (i.e. with no correlation between plant and seed size) is inherent to the leaf-height-seed (LHS) scheme (Westoby 1998), which is widely but not universally recognized, ‘‘opinions vary, but three … dimensions are now widely accepted as important to plant…”
Umaña, M. N., & Swenson, N. G. (2019) · Ecology · doi:10.1002/ecy.2745 · Cited by 55
Linking seasonal foliar traits to VSWIR-TIR spectroscopy across California ecosystems
Meerdink, S. K., Roberts, D. A., King, J. Y., Roth, K. L., Dennison, P. E., do Amaral, C. H., & Hook, S. J. (2016) · Remote Sensing of Environment · doi:10.1016/j.rse.2016.08.003 · Cited by 55
“LMA is a key trait for plant growth and can be used as an indicator of plant strategies of resource acquisition and competition (Lambers and Poorter, 2004; Westoby, 1998).”
BackgroundKelemen, A., Valkó, O., Kröel‐Dulay, G., Déak, B., Török, P., Tóth, K., Miglécz, T., & Tóthmérész, B. (2016) · Applied Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/avsc.12225 · Cited by 54
Traditional forest management practices stop forest succession and bring back rare plant species
Douda, J., Boublík, K., Doudová, J., & Kyncl, M. (2016) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12801 · Cited by 54
Inter- and intraspecific variation in leaf economic traits in wheat and maize
Martin, A. R., Hale, C. E., Cerabolini, B., Cornelissen, J., Craine, J., Gough, W., Kattge, J., & Tirona, C. K. F. (2018) · AoB Plants · doi:10.1093/aobpla/ply006 · Cited by 43
“2004) and whole-plant traits (e.g. Westoby 1998; Díaz et al.”
BackgroundEstablishment of grassland species in monocultures: different strategies lead to success
Heisse, K., Roscher, C., Schumacher, J., & Schulze, E. (2007) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-007-0666-6 · Cited by 54
“…07743 Jena, Germany K. Heisse C. Roscher (&) J. Schumacher E.-D. Schulze Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, POB 100164, 07749 Jena, Germany e-mail: croscher@bgc-jena.mpg.de 1997; Westoby 1998; Weiher et al. 1999) and that trait combinations result in discrete groups rather than a continuum.”
BackgroundPredicting intercrop competition, facilitation, and productivity from simple functional traits
MacLaren, C., Waswa, W., Aliyu, K. T., Claessens, L., Mead, A., Schöb, C., Vanlauwe, B., & Storkey, J. (2023) · Field Crops Research · doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2023.108926 · Cited by 53
Hanley, M. E., Cordier, P., May, O. C., & Kelly, C. K. (2007) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02003.x · Cited by 53
Marx, H. E., Giblin, D. E., Dunwiddie, P. W., & Tank, D. C. (2015) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1111/ddi.12401 · Cited by 53
“Because the values were not normally distributed, trait measurements were log transformed (Westoby, 1998).”
BackgroundPhylogenetic Structure of Foliar Spectral Traits in Tropical Forest Canopies
McManus, K., Asner, G. P., Martin, R. E., Dexter, K. G., Kress, W. J., & Field, C. B. (2016) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs8030196 · Cited by 53
“The relationship between these absorption features and elemental leaf traits, such as N, P, or more broadly-defined functional traits such as LMA, is indirect—contingent upon the allocation of elemental resources to specific biochemical compounds (such as N to Rubisco), or biochemical compounds to foliar functional tr…”
BackgroundInfluentialFischer, F. M., Bonnet, O. J. F., Cezimbra, I. M., & Pillar, V. D. (2018) · Applied Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/avsc.12402 · Cited by 53
“The first ordination axis suggests a trade- off between short plants with acquisitive resource use strategy on the left side of the ordination, and taller plants with a conservative strategy on the right side of the ordination (Chapin, Autumn, & Pugnaire, 1993; Grime, 2001; Westoby, 1998).”
BackgroundDyderski, M. K., & Jagodziński, A. M. (2019) · NeoBiota · doi:10.3897/neobiota.41.31908 · Cited by 53
“2004), as well as with ruderal and competitive life strategies (Westoby 1998).”
BackgroundDeLeo, V. L., Menge, D. N. L., Hanks, E. M., Juenger, T., & Lasky, J. R. (2019) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.14880 · Cited by 55
Functional traits explain the Hutchinsonian niches of plant species
Treurnicht, M., Pagel, J., Tonnabel, J., Esler, K. J., Slingsby, J. A., & Schurr, F. M. (2019) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.13048 · Cited by 58
Intraspecific variability of leaf form and function across habitat types
Puglielli, G., Bricca, A., Chelli, S., Petruzzellis, F., Acosta, A. T. R., Bacaro, G., Beccari, E., Bernardo, L., Bonari, G., Bolpagni, R., et al. (2024) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.14396 · Cited by 52
Climate moderates release from nutrient limitation in natural annual plant communities
Dwyer, J. M., Hobbs, R. J., Wainwright, C. E., & Mayfield, M. M. (2015) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.12277 · Cited by 52
Leaf and Life History Traits Predict Plant Growth in a Green Roof Ecosystem
Lundholm, J., Heim, A., Tran, S., & Smith, T. W. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101395 · Cited by 52
“SLA is negatively related to stress-tolerant strategies and positively related to competitive strategies [18,34].”
BackgroundPlant Functional Traits Show Non-Linear Response to Grazing
Saatkamp, A., Römermann, C., & Dutoit, T. (2010) · Folia Geobotanica · doi:10.1007/s12224-010-9069-2 · Cited by 52
“The plants with medium to low SLA decreased significantly with increasing grazing intensity (Cingolani et al. 2005; Moog et al. 2005; compare also Peco et al. 2003); this can be interpreted as a grazing tolerance mechanism by a higher growth rate (Westoby 1998; Díaz et al. 2001).”
BackgroundYang, J., Ci, X., Lu, M., Zhang, G., Cao, M., Li, J., & Lin, L. (2014) · Journal of Plant Ecology · doi:10.1093/jpe/rtt070 · Cited by 52
“2013; Westoby 1998; Westoby et al.”
Giarrizzo, E., Burrascano, S., Chiti, T., de Bello, F., Lepš, J., Zavattero, L., & Blasi, C. (2016) · Applied Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/avsc.12288 · Cited by 52
“To analyse the shifts in plant functional traits, we focused on three Raunkiær life forms that give crucial indication for the analysis of vegetation dynamics in semi-natural grasslands and three quantitative traits chosen according to the leaf–height–seed scheme (Westoby 1998; see Table 1).”
MethodTabacchi, É., González, E., Corenblit, D., Garófano‐Gómez, V., Planty‐Tabacchi, A., & Steiger, J. (2019) · River Research and Applications · doi:10.1002/rra.3511 · Cited by 52
“First, certain traits that could not be included in this study were considered as fundamental by other authors, as, for example, the SLA (specific leaf area) and seed mass (Westoby, 1998) or the biovolume and the canopy frontal area (Corenblit et al., 2009; Diehl et al., 2017; O'Hare et al., 2016).”
BackgroundA functional analysis of vegetation dynamics in abandoned and restored limestone grasslands
Dzwonko, Z., & Loster, S. (2007) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2007.tb02531.x · Cited by 51
Kimberley, A., Blackburn, G. A., Whyatt, D., KIRBY, K. J., & Smart, S. M. (2013) · Applied Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/avsc.12047 · Cited by 51
Plant functional groups within a tropical forest exhibit different wood functional anatomy
Apgaua, D. M. G., Tng, D. Y. P., Cernusak, L. A., Cheesman, A. W., Santos, R. M., Edwards, W., & Laurance, S. G. W. (2016) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12787 · Cited by 51
Pérez-Ramos, I. M., Dı́az-Delgado, R., de la Riva, E. G., Villar, R., Lloret, F., & Marañón, T. (2017) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12747 · Cited by 51
“…or assumed utility as functional response-traits to climate, accurately representing the three leading functional dimensions (i.e. plant economics, light interception and reproductive ability) previously defined by other authors (Westoby 1998; Laughlin et al. 2010; de la Riva et al. 2016c).”
BackgroundSalt marsh migration into salinized agricultural fields: A novel assembly of plant communities
Gedan, K. B., & Fernández‐Pascual, E. (2019) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/jvs.12774 · Cited by 51
Baer, S. G., Adams, T. S., Scott, D. A., Blair, J. M., & Collins, S. L. (2019) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1002/eap.2014 · Cited by 51
“Seed traits can also influence species establishment, predation, and germination success (Westoby 1998, Franzen 2004, Larson et al. 2015).”
Background9.14 Reciprocal Relations between Riparian Vegetation, Fluvial Landforms, and Channel Processes
Merritt, D. M. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374739-6.00239-6 · Cited by 51
Du, G., & Qi, W. (2010) · Plant Ecology · doi:10.1007/s11258-010-9763-4 · Cited by 51
“Here we describe methods of trait measurement only briefly; further details are reported in Westoby (1998) and Cornelissen et al. (2003).”
MethodEcological Significance of Inherent Variation in Relative Growth Rate and Its Components
Garnier, É., & Poorter, H. (2007) · Books in soils, plants, and the environment · doi:10.1201/9781420007626.ch3 · Cited by 51
The Interplay Between Plant Functional Traits and Climate Change
Kanta, C., Kumar, A., Chauhan, A., Singh, H., & Sharma, I. P. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-1510-7_3 · Cited by 50
Tardy, F., Moreau, D., Dorel, M., & Damour, G. (2015) · European Journal of Agronomy · doi:10.1016/j.eja.2015.08.002 · Cited by 50
Frenne, P. D., GRAAE, B. J., Kolb, A., Шевцова, А., Baeten, L., Brunet, J., Chabrerie, O., Cousins, S. A. O., Decocq, G., D'hondt, R., et al. (2010) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06399.x · Cited by 50
Disentangling the effects of facilitation on restoration of the Atlantic Forest
Zwiener, V. P., Cardoso, F. C. G., Padial, A. A., & Marques, M. C. M. (2013) · Basic and Applied Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.baae.2013.11.005 · Cited by 50
Morphological and physiological traits in the success of the invasive plant Lespedeza cuneata
Allred, B., Fuhlendorf, S. D., Monaco, T. A., & Will, R. E. (2009) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-009-9476-6 · Cited by 50
“Specific leaf area also is an important determinant of plant function, including plant growth and carbon assimilation (Reich et al. 1997; Westoby 1998).”
BackgroundVenn, S., Pickering, C. M., & Green, K. (2014) · AoB Plants · doi:10.1093/aobpla/plu008 · Cited by 50
“…leaf area (SLA); some of these are interrelated, but all represent important dimensions of functional and strategic variation among plant species (Westoby 1998; Weiher et al. 1999) and are responsible for some of the most striking and important patterns in species distributions in the field…”
BackgroundBoth selection and plasticity drive niche differentiation in experimental grasslands
Meilhac, J., Deschamps, L., Maire, V., Flajoulot, S., & Litrico, I. (2019) · Nature Plants · doi:10.1038/s41477-019-0569-7 · Cited by 50
Janssen, P., Stella, J. C., Piégay, H., Räpple, B., Pont, B., Faton, J., Cornelissen, J. H. C., & Évette, A. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137730 · Cited by 50
“Seed mass is related to dispersal ability, contrasting species 207 with light seeds but high seedling mortality from species with large seeds but high long-term seedling survival 208 (Westoby 1998).”
BackgroundRemke, M. J., Johnson, N. C., Wright, J., Williamson, M. A., & Bowker, M. A. (2020) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13546 · Cited by 54
“…photosynthate to AM fungal symbionts as an alternative strategy to investment in roots for acquiring soil resources, and this may buffer against stress caused by either nutrient or water limitation (Almaghrabi et al., 2012; Augé et al., 2015; Bever et al., 2009; Ji & Bever, 2016; Westoby, 1998).”
BackgroundStotz, G. C., Salgado‐Luarte, C., Escobedo, V. M., Valladares, F., & Gianoli, E. (2022) · Oikos · doi:10.1111/oik.09342 · Cited by 49
Körner, K., & Jeltsch, F. (2007) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.08.002 · Cited by 49
Göldel, B., Kissling, W. D., & Svenning, J. (2015) · Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/boj.12349 · Cited by 49
Functional diversity assessment in riparian forests – Multiple approaches and trends: A review
Lozanovska, I., Ferreira, M. T., & Aguiar, F. C. (2018) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.08.039 · Cited by 49
Fulthorpe, R. R., Martin, A. R., & Isaac, M. E. (2019) · Phytobiomes Journal · doi:10.1094/pbiomes-04-19-0021-r · Cited by 53
Metadata
- Authors
- Westoby, M.
- Affiliations
- Macquarie University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Westoby, Mark
- ORCID
- Westoby, Mark
- Venue
- Plant and Soil
- Published
- 1998-02
- Volume
- 199
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 213-227
- ISSN
- 0032-079X (ISSN-L)
- 1573-5036
- OpenAlex
- W201316592
- Cited by
- 1,925
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 93 · 2025: 105 · 2024: 104 · 2023: 151 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 124 · 2020: 124 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 106 · 2016: 82 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 94 · 2012: 60
- FWCI
- 17.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Plant and Soil (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Keywords
- plant ecological strategies, specific leaf area, seed weight, canopy height, disturbance tolerance, stress tolerance, plant functional traits, plant ecophysiology, global change
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