The DOI matches its Crossref record; 106 of the 106 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A leaf-height-seed (LHS) plant ecology strategy scheme
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“Plant community ecology and functional ecology (18, 22) have proven useful for understanding global patterns of vegetation.”
From Defining pyromes and global syndromes of fire regimes (2013) · cites this paper as [22]
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Cites
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Items 101–200 of 1,000
Functional species pool framework to test for biotic effects on community assembly
de Bello, F., Price, J. N., Münkemüller, T., Liira, J., Zobel, M., Thuiller, W., Gerhold, P., Götzenberger, L., Lavergne, S., Lepš, J., et al. (2012) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/11-1394.1 · Cited by 240
“We focused on four traits recognized as representing key axes of ecological strategies among vascular plant species: height, specific leaf area, seed mass, and the extent of lateral spread due to different clonal growth organs (Westoby 1998, Kleyer et al. 2008).”
BackgroundAre Species Adapted to Their Regeneration Niche, Adult Niche, or Both?
Poorter, L. (2007) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/512045 · Cited by 267
Ecological Significance of Inherent Variation in Relative Growth Rate and Its Components
Poorter, H., & Garnier, É. (2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420007626-3 · Cited by 280
Shipley, B. (2002) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00672.x · Cited by 245
“Because plant size - and thus growth - is an important determinant of survival and reproduction in nature, these interspecific differences in RGR are now of central importance in plant ecology (Grime 2001; Tilman 1988; Westoby 1998).”
BackgroundThe role of functional traits in species distributions revealed through a hierarchical model
Pollock, L. J., Morris, W. K., & Vesk, P. A. (2011) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.2011.07085.x · Cited by 247
Messier, J., McGill, B. J., Enquist, B. J., & Lechowicz, M. J. (2016) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/ecog.02006 · Cited by 251
“Our understanding of functional diversity has been advanced by the concept of strategy dimensions (Grime 1974), and more recently by describing these dimensions based on phenotypic traits (e.g. leaf area or wood density) (Westoby 1998).”
Leaf functional traits of tropical forest plants in relation to growth form
Santiago, L. S., & Wright, S. J. (2006) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01218.x · Cited by 243
“Measurements for all species were restricted to individuals of the maximum height that each species commonly attains, and gas-exchange measurements and leaf collections were made on the most exposed leaves of each individual to minimize within-plant variations in leaf morphology (Westoby 1998).”
BackgroundMitigating crop yield losses through weed diversity
Adeux, G., Vieren, E., Carlesi, S., Bàrberi, P., Munier-Jolain, N. M., & Cordeau, S. (2019) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-019-0415-y · Cited by 265
CLO ‐ PLA : a database of clonal and bud‐bank traits of the Central European flora
Klimešová, J., Danihelka, J., Chrtek, J., de Bello, F., & Herben, T. (2017) · Ecology · doi:10.1002/ecy.1745 · Cited by 236
Functional traits shape ontogenetic growth trajectories of rain forest tree species
Hérault, B., Bachelot, B., Poorter, L., Rossi, V., Bongers, F., Chave, J., Paine, C. E. T., Wagner, F. H., & Baraloto, C. (2011) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01883.x · Cited by 244
“These traits represent complementary axes of tree ecological strategies in tropical forests (Table 1) and have been proposed to be important for tree performance through ontogeny (Westoby 1998; Weiher et al. 1999; Poorter et al. 2008).”
BackgroundAubin, I., Munson, A. D., Cardou, F., Burton, P. J., Isabel, N., Pedlar, J., Paquette, A., Taylor, A. R., Delagrange, S., Kebli, H., et al. (2016) · Environmental Reviews · doi:10.1139/er-2015-0072 · Cited by 245
“vival (Harper et al. 1970; Westoby 1998; Garnier and Navas 2013).”
BackgroundDivíšek, J., Chytrý, M., Beckage, B., Gotelli, N. J., Lososová, Z., Pyšek, P., Richardson, D. M., & Molofsky, J. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06995-4 · Cited by 240
EVOLUTION OF GENOME SIZE IN PINES (PINUS) AND ITS LIFE-HISTORY CORRELATES: SUPERTREE ANALYSES
Grotkopp, E., Rejmánek, M., Sanderson, M. J., & Rost, T. L. (2004) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00456.x · Cited by 232
“Seed size is a very important aspect of a species’ biology (Westoby 1998; Grotkopp et al. 2002; Westoby et al. 2002).”
BackgroundA methodology to derive global maps of leaf traits using remote sensing and climate data
Moreno‐Martínez, Á., Camps‐Valls, G., Kattge, J., Robinson, N., Reichstein, M., van Bodegom, P. M., Krämer, K., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Reich, P. B., Bahn, M., et al. (2018) · Remote Sensing of Environment · doi:10.1016/j.rse.2018.09.006 · Cited by 242
“At the organismal level, plant traits, which are measurable morphological, anatomical, physiological and phenological characteristics, can influence the establishment, fitness, and survival of individuals (Westoby, 1998; Reich et al., 2007; Violle et al., 2007; Homolova et al., 2013).”
BackgroundEvolutionary Patterns and Biogeochemical Significance of Angiosperm Root Traits
Comas, L. H., Mueller, K. E., Taylor, L. L., Midford, P. E., Callahan, H. S., & Beerling, D. J. (2012) · International Journal of Plant Sciences · doi:10.1086/665823 · Cited by 237
“Variation in root morphology is linked to whole-plant growth strategies (Reich et al. 1998; Comas et al. 2002) that are optimized for success in different environments (Tilman 1988; Lambers and Poorter 1992; Chapin et al. 1993; Westoby 1998; Grime 2001).”
Functional traits as predictors of vital rates across the life cycle of tropical trees
Visser, M. D., Bruijning, M., Wright, S. J., Muller‐Landau, H. C., Jongejans, E., Comita, L. S., & de Kroon, H. (2016) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12621 · Cited by 230
Specific leaf area responses to environmental gradients through space and time
Dwyer, J. M., Hobbs, R. J., & Mayfield, M. M. (2013) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/13-0412.1 · Cited by 224
Meziane, D., & Shipley, B. (1999) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00423.x · Cited by 224
Ecophysiological and bioclimatic foundations for a global plant functional classification
Harrison, S. P., Prentice, I. C., Barboni, D., Kohfeld, K. E., Ni, J., & Sutra, J. (2009) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.01144.x · Cited by 228
On the importance of intraspecific variability for the quantification of functional diversity
Albert, C. H., de Bello, F., Boulangeat, I., Pellet, G., Lavorel, S., & Thuiller, W. (2011) · Oikos · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19672.x · Cited by 246
Rahman, M. M., Khan, M. N. I., Hoque, A. K. F., & Ahmed, I. (2014) · Wetlands Ecology and Management · doi:10.1007/s11273-014-9379-x · Cited by 229
“Klimešová et al. (2008), Westoby et al. (2002), Westoby (1998) also observed that trees attaining greater height outcompeting their neighbors accumulate more carbon.”
BackgroundZirbel, C. R., Bassett, T. J., Grman, E., & Brudvig, L. A. (2017) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12885 · Cited by 229
Reich, P. B., Buschena, C., Tjoelker, M. G., Wrage, K. J., Knops, J. M. H., Tilman, D. G., & Machado, J. (2003) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00703.x · Cited by 219
“Although the precise nature of the relationships is sometimes hazy and the strength of the relationships highly variable, traits such as seed size, plant size, growth rate, tissue chemistry, leaf and root morphology, and net CO 2 exchange characteristics have been shown many times to be related to the ecology and dist…”
BackgroundWestoby, M., & Wright, I. J. (2003) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1231-6 · Cited by 217
“Traits are quite commonly lognormally distributed across species, including SLA and seed mass ( Westoby 1998 ).”
InfluentialSelf-citationThe relationship between wood density and mortality in a global tropical forest data set
Kraft, N. J. B., Metz, M. R., Condit, R., & Chave, J. (2010) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03444.x · Cited by 220
“Our results indicate that wood density is a functional trait that is well worth considering in studies focused on life history strategies, even though wood density was not a component of some early plant strategy schema (e.g. Westoby, 1998).”
BackgroundA Trait-Based Approach to Advance Coral Reef Science
Madin, J. S., Hoogenboom, M. O., Connolly, S. R., Darling, E. S., Falster, D. S., Huang, D., Keith, S. A., Mizerek, T. L., Pandolfi, J. M., Putnam, H. M., et al. (2016) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2016.02.012 · Cited by 211
“This easy-to-measure trait summarizes the energy-acquiring part of the plant, which is tightly correlated with a broad array of biological and ecological processes, including relative growth rate (weight increment per unit weight present per unit of time), mass-based leaf nitrogen, and leaf longevity [31,58].”
BackgroundMessier, J., Lechowicz, M. J., McGill, B. J., Violle, C., & Enquist, B. J. (2017) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12755 · Cited by 219
“A key achievement is the identification of trait dimensions used to organize global plant diversity (Westoby 1998; Westoby et al. 2002).”
BackgroundEffects of disturbance intensity on species and functional diversity in a tropical forest
Carreño-Rocabado, G., Peña‐Claros, M., Bongers, F., Alarcón, A., Licona, J. C., & Poorter, L. (2012) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.02015.x · Cited by 222
“Additionally, the effect traits were assigned to two groups related to decomposition rate (SLA, LDMC, LCh, and Nmass; Cornelissen et al. 1999; Bakker, CarreñoRocabado & Poorter 2011), and net primary productivity (Hmax, WD, SLA, and Nmass; Table S2; Westoby 1998; Falster et al. 2011).”
BackgroundKleyer, M., Trinogga, J., Cebrián‐Piqueras, M. A., Trenkamp, A., Fløjgaard, C., Ejrnæs, R., Bouma, T. J., Minden, V., Maier, M., Mantilla‐Contreras, J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13066 · Cited by 216
“For instance, Westoby (1998) proposed that SLA, plant height, and seed size represent independent axes of plant specialization in different environments.”
BackgroundSuding, K. N., Goldberg, D. E., & Hartman, K. M. (2003) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0001:rastsl]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 209
Taller plants have lower rates of molecular evolution
Lanfear, R., Ho, S. Y. W., Davies, T. J., Moles, A. T., Aarssen, L. W., Swenson, N. G., Warman, L., Zanne, A. E., & Allen, A. P. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2836 · Cited by 212
AusTraits, a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora
Falster, D. S., Gallagher, R. V., Wenk, E. H., Wright, I. J., Indiarto, D., Andrew, S. C., Baxter, C., Lawson, J., Allen, S. P., Fuchs, A., et al. (2021) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-021-01006-6 · Cited by 254
Plant functional trait responses to grassland succession over 25 years
Kahmen, S., & Poschlod, P. (2004) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02233.x · Cited by 207
Moles, A. T. (2017) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12887 · Cited by 200
Shipley, B. (2009) · Cited by 202
The potential contribution of vegetation ecology to biodiversity research
Austin, M. P. (1999) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1999.tb01276.x · Cited by 197
Cornelissen, J. H. C., Quested, H. M., Dylan Gwynn-jones, A., van Logtestijn, R. S. P., BEUS, M. A. H. D., Kondratchuk, A., Callaghan, T. V., & Aerts, R. (2004) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00900.x · Cited by 197
“…2004 British Ecological Society, Functional Ecology, 18, 779–786 chemistry into one trait (Reich, Walters & Ellsworth 1992; Garnier & Laurent 1994; Westoby 1998; Cornelissen et al. 1999), high N usually corresponding with high SLA, and high lignin with low SLA (Reich, Walters & Ellsworth 1992;…”
BackgroundBeyond the fast–slow continuum: demographic dimensions structuring a tropical tree community
Rüger, N., Comita, L. S., Condit, R., Purves, D. W., Rosenbaum, B., Visser, M. D., Wright, S. J., & Wirth, C. (2018) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.12974 · Cited by 197
“Thus, we second Visser et al. (2016) in advocating the use of a WH(S) scheme (wood, height, seed), rather than the LHS scheme (leaf, height, seed) proposed by Westoby (1998), to capture and predict differences in demographic strategies of tropical trees.”
Methodde la Riva, E. G., Tosto, A., Pérez-Ramos, I. M., Navarro‐Fernández, C. M., Olmo, M., Anten, N. P. R., Marañón, T., & Villar, R. (2015) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/jvs.12341 · Cited by 203
“Plant functional traits vary along three main dimensions: resource use, plant height and seed mass (Westoby 1998; Westoby & Wright 2006; Reich 2014).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialAlternative height strategies among 45 dicot rain forest species from tropical Queensland, Australia
Falster, D. S., & Westoby, M. (2005) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-0477.2005.00992.x · Cited by 197
“1, Loehle 2000; Pacala & Deutschman 1995; Westoby 1998; Thomas & Bazzaz 1999; Sterck et al .”
BackgroundSelf-citationTrait interactions help explain plant invasion success in the German flora
Küster, E. C., Kühn, I., Bruelheide, H., & Klotz, S. (2008) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01406.x · Cited by 193
“Recurrent patterns of trait combinations can be observed and different sets of trait combinations have already been conceptualized to different plant ecological strategies (see e.g. Westoby 1998; Grime 2002).”
BackgroundBlumenthal, D., Mueller, K., Kray, J., Ocheltree, T., Augustine, D., & Wilcox, K. J. (2020) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13454 · Cited by 143
“Trade-offs and synergies among plant traits can provide insights into the ecological and evolutionary constraints on plant form and function, and facilitate predictions of plant responses to environmental change (Grime, 1977; Suding et al., 2008; Westoby, 1998; Wright et al., 2004).”
BackgroundPlant functional types: an alternative to taxonomic plant community description in biogeography?
Duckworth, J. C., Kent, M., & Ramsay, P. M. (2000) · Progress in Physical Geography Earth and Environment · doi:10.1177/030913330002400403 · Cited by 192
Poorter, L., Amissah, L., Bongers, F., Hordijk, I., Kok, J., Laurance, S. G. W., Lohbeck, M., Martı́nez-Ramos, M., Matsuo, T., Meave, J. A., et al. (2023) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12995 · Cited by 212
“The measurement of functional traits allows comparison of taxonomically different species, and hence, different study sites using the same quantitative ecological yardstick (Westoby, 1998; Poorter et al ., 2021).”
BackgroundFactors and processes affecting plant biodiversity in permanent grasslands. A review
Gaujour, E., Amiaud, B., Mignolet, C., & Plantureux, S. (2011) · Agronomy for Sustainable Development · doi:10.1007/s13593-011-0015-3 · Cited by 212
“Some authors have shown relationships between the capacities of species to exploit resource-rich or resource-poor environments and key plant traits that drive these properties (Westoby 1998).”
Cornelissen, J. H. C., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Castro‐Díez, P., Villar‐Salvador, P., Montserrat‐Martí, G., Puyravaud, J., Maestro, M., Werger, M. J. A., & Aerts, R. (2003) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02157.x · Cited by 188
Pietsch, K. A., Ogle, K., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Cornwell, W. K., Bönisch, G., Craine, J. M., Jackson, B. G., Kattge, J., Peltzer, D. A., Penuelas, J., et al. (2014) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.12172 · Cited by 203
“It was expected that plants show a coordinated response across organs to gradients of environmental stress and disturbance (strategy theory; Grime, 1974; Westoby, 1998).”
BackgroundLi, X., Blackman, C. J., Choat, B., Duursma, R. A., Rymer, P. D., Medlyn, B. E., & Tissue, D. T. (2018) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/pce.13129 · Cited by 186
A unified framework for plant life‐history strategies shaped by fire and herbivory
Archibald, S. A., Hempson, G. P., & Lehmann, C. E. R. (2019) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.15986 · Cited by 196
Global leaf trait estimates biased due to plasticity in the shade
Keenan, T. F., & Niinemets, Ü. (2016) · Nature Plants · doi:10.1038/nplants.2016.201 · Cited by 185
Fried, G., Kazakou, E., & Gaba, S. (2012) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.005 · Cited by 192
Consistent Shifts in Alpine Plant Traits along a Mesotopographical Gradient
Choler, P. (2005) · Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research · doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2005)037[0444:csiapt]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 185
“A few traits—e.g., seed mass, specific leaf area (SLA), and height—may serve as surrogates for setting plant strategy (Westoby, 1998; Weiher et al., 1999).”
BackgroundInfluentialPlant response to disturbance in a Mediterranean grassland: How many functional groups?
Lavorel, S., McIntyre, S., & Grigulis, K. (1999) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.2307/3237081 · Cited by 176
D3: The Dispersal and Diaspore Database – Baseline data and statistics on seed dispersal
Hintze, C., Heydel, F., Hoppe, C., Cunze, S., Konig, A. S., & Tackenberg, O. (2013) · Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics · doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2013.02.001 · Cited by 174
Slingsby, J. A., & Verboom, G. A. (2006) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/505158 · Cited by 172
Linking individual response to biotic interactions with community structure: a trait‐based framework
Gross, N., Künstler, G., Liancourt, P., de Bello, F., Suding, K. N., & Lavorel, S. (2009) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01591.x · Cited by 171
“In grasslands communities an example of one such trait is specific leaf area (SLA), which is one of the key traits associated with species strategies (Grime 1977; Westoby 1998).”
BackgroundYang, J., Zhang, G., Ci, X., Swenson, N. G., Cao, M., Sha, L., Li, J., Baskin, C. C., Slik, J. W. F., & Lin, L. (2013) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12176 · Cited by 170
“In total, we measured 10 functional traits that are believed to represent fundamental functional trade-offs in leaves, wood and seeds among tree species (Westoby 1998; Westoby et al. 2002).”
BackgroundAre trait‐based species rankings consistent across data sets and spatial scales?
Kazakou, E., Violle, C., Roumet, C., Navas, M., Vile, D., Kattge, J., & Garnier, É. (2013) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/jvs.12066 · Cited by 190
“This finding is important in itself, as SM affects many aspects of plant ecology, including dispersal, seedling establishment and persistence (Harper et al. 1970; Westoby 1998; Weiher et al. 1999; Fenner & Thompson 2005; Moles & Westoby 2006).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialA functional group approach to the management of UK arable weeds to support biological diversity
Storkey, J. (2006) · Weed Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2006.00528.x · Cited by 169
“Underlying these groups are a number of trade-offs between traits that result from evolutionary pressures (Westoby, 1998).”
BackgroundFuture global productivity will be affected by plant trait response to climate
Madani, N., Kimball, J. S., Ballantyne, A. P., Affleck, D. L. R., van Bodegom, P. M., Reich, P. B., Kattge, J., Sala, A., Nazeri, M., Jones, M., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21172-9 · Cited by 174
Laliberté, É., Shipley, B., Norton, D. A., & Scott, D. (2012) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01947.x · Cited by 172
“…biomass relative to shorter ones, whereas lower disturbance intensity ⁄ frequency can favour taller species because greater height is associated with greater competitive ability (Westoby 1998; Bullock et al. 2001; Grime 2002), at least when competition is primarily for light (Aerts 1999).”
BackgroundInfluentialTrait-based modelling in ecology: A review of two decades of research
Zakharova, L., Meyer, K., & Seifan, M. (2019) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.05.008 · Cited by 183
Catford, J. A., & Jansson, R. (2014) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.12951 · Cited by 165
Carmona, C. P., Azcárate, F. M., de Bello, F., Ollero, H. S., Lepš, J., & Peco, B. (2012) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02193.x · Cited by 161
“2007) and represent an extension of the LHS scheme (leaf, height, seed traits; Westoby 1998) with the inclusion of clonal trait information (Klimešová & de Bello 2009).”
MethodSun, S., & Frelich, L. E. (2011) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01830.x · Cited by 164
“Plant height is a leading dimension of ecological variation, is critical to species’ competitive ability and survival, and is related to many important functional traits (Westoby 1998; Westoby et al. 2002; Poorter et al. 2003).”
BackgroundLeaf economics and plant hydraulics drive leaf : wood area ratios
Mencuccini, M., Rosas, T., Rowland, L. M., Choat, B., Cornelissen, H., Jansen, S., Krämer, K., Lapenis, A. G., Manzoni, S., Niinemets, Ü., et al. (2019) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.15998 · Cited by 173
“Plant growth and survival depend in large part on the traits of individual plant organs and on the partitioning of resources to these organs (Thornley, 1972; Grime, 1979; Tilman, 1988; Westoby, 1998).”
BackgroundAgroecological weed control using a functional approach: a review of cropping systems diversity
Gaba, S., Fried, G., Kazakou, E., Chauvel, B., & Navas, M. (2013) · Agronomy for Sustainable Development · doi:10.1007/s13593-013-0166-5 · Cited by 184
“The third dimension of plant functioning, regeneration, is captured by seed mass. Seed mass affects almost all aspects of plant ecology, including dispersal, seedling establishment and persistence (Salisbury 1942; Harper et al. 1970; Westoby 1998; Weiher et al. 1999; Fenner and Thompson 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialInvasive species differ in key functional traits from native and non‐invasive alien plant species
Mathakutha, R., Steyn, C., le Roux, P. C., Blom, I. J., Chown, S. L., Daru, B. H., Ripley, B. S., Louw, A., & Greve, M. (2019) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/jvs.12772 · Cited by 168
“In addition, it is unlikely that dispersal traits constrained the variety of measured traits ex‐ pressed by invasive species (since, for example, SLA and plant height vary independently of seed mass at broad spatial scales; Westoby, 1998).”
BackgroundREVIEW: Plant functional traits in agroecosystems: a blueprint for research
Martin, A. R., & Isaac, M. E. (2015) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12526 · Cited by 178
Using Assembly Theory to Explain Changes in a Weed Flora in Response to Agricultural Intensification
Storkey, J., Moss, S. R., & Cussans, J. W. (2010) · Weed Science · doi:10.1614/ws-09-096.1 · Cited by 162
Grundy, A. C., Mead, A., & Burston, S. (2003) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00836.x · Cited by 161
“seed weight excluding any dispersal mechanisms), as used in the present study, has been suggested as the best measure of resource availability (Westonby 1998).”
MethodFynn, R. W. S., Morris, C. D., & Kirkman, K. P. (2005) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-0477.2005.00993.x · Cited by 161
“Plant traits may be useful predictors of the response of species to environmental factors and to competitors because they may represent specific functional adaptations to various constraints (e.g. Goldberg 1996; Westoby 1998; Craine et al .”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCingolani, A. M., Cabido, M., Gurvich, D. E., Renison, D., & Díaz, S. M. (2007) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2007.tb02607.x · Cited by 160
Evidence for scale‐ and disturbance‐dependent trait assembly patterns in dry semi‐natural grasslands
de Bello, F., Vandewalle, M., Reitalu, T., Lepš, J., Prentice, H. C., Lavorel, S., & Sykes, M. T. (2013) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12139 · Cited by 156
“…matrices were constructed for the following: (i) all traits together, (ii) all leaf traits, (iii) height-related traits, (iv) LHS traits proposed by Westoby (1998), based on SLA, plant height and seed mass which are thought to represent the key axes of ecological strategies among vascular plant…”
MethodResultUsing plant traits to explain plant–microbe relationships involved in nitrogen acquisition
Cantarel, A. A. M., Pommier, T., Desclos-Theveniau, M., Diquélou, S., Dumont, M., Grassein, F., Kastl, E.-M., Grigulis, K., Laîné, P., Lavorel, S., et al. (2014) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/13-2107.1 · Cited by 159
Maire, V., Gross, N., Pontes, L. D. S., Picon‐Cochard, C., & Soussana, J. (2009) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01557.x · Cited by 162
“At the plant community scale and in agreement with plant strategy theories (CSR model, Grime 1977; LHS model, Westoby 1998), other studies have also found a second axis of specialization based on plant size (Grime et al .”
BackgroundThe dimensionality and structure of species trait spaces
Mouillot, D., Loiseau, N., Grenié, M., Algar, A. C., Allegra, M., Cadotte, M. W., Casajus, N., Denelle, P., Guéguen, M., Maire, A., et al. (2021) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.13778 · Cited by 164
Kubota, Y., Hirofumi, M., & Kikuzawa, K. (2004) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00875.x · Cited by 153
“Functional traits such as canopy height and leaf size correlate with environmental requirements and tolerances (Westoby 1998).”
BackgroundHadar, L., Noy‐Meir, I., & Perevolotsky, A. (1999) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.2307/3237082 · Cited by 150
Fort, F., Jouany, C., & Cruz, P. (2012) · Journal of Plant Ecology · doi:10.1093/jpe/rts034 · Cited by 150
Congruency analysis of species ranking based on leaf traits: which traits are the more reliable?
Roche, P. K., Díaz-Burlinson, N., & Gachet, S. (2004) · Plant Ecology · doi:10.1023/b:vege.0000046056.94523.57 · Cited by 150
“Among the plant traits, leaf traits are often cited as the principal traits to relate plant resource use, biomass and ecosystem functioning Westoby 1998; Weiher et al. 1999; Craine et al. 2001 .”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCan traits predict individual growth performance? A test in a hyperdiverse tropical forest
Poorter, L., de Castilho, C. V., Schietti, J., Oliveira, R. S., & Costa, F. R. C. (2018) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.15206 · Cited by 159
“Functional ecology has such a wide appeal because it can provide a mechanistic understanding of how traits affect plant performance, and hence community assembly and dynamics (Grime et al. , 1997; Westoby, 1998).”
Simple traits do not predict grazing response in Australian dry shrublands and woodlands
Vesk, P. A., Leishman, M. R., & Westoby, M. (2004) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2004.00857.x · Cited by 148
“(Westoby 1998).”
Self-citationPLANT‐TRAIT‐BASED MODELING ASSESSMENT OF ECOSYSTEM‐SERVICE SENSITIVITY TO LAND‐USE CHANGE
Quétier, F., Lavorel, S., Thuiller, W., & Davies, I. D. (2007) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/06-0750.1 · Cited by 157
Mechanisms of ecological succession: insights from plant functional strategies
Raevel, V., Violle, C., & Munoz, F. (2012) · Oikos · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20261.x · Cited by 154
Handbook of standardized protocols for collecting plant modularity traits
Klimešová, J., Martínková, J., Pausas, J. G., de Moraes, M. G., Herben, T., Yu, F., Puntieri, J. G., Vesk, P. A., de Bello, F., Janeček, Š., et al. (2019) · Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics · doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2019.125485 · Cited by 149
“This gap has been partly caused by focusing on a set of functional traits that are mainly associated with resource acquisition and sexual reproduction (Westoby, 1998; Wright et al., 2004; Chave et al., 2009).”
BackgroundMethodPoorter, L., & Rose, S. A. (2004) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-004-1732-y · Cited by 146
“Seed mass plays a pivotal role in plant reproduction, dispersal, germination, establishment and competitive ability, and is considered to be one of the vital attributes for species from a diverse range of ecosystems (Westoby1998; Leishman et al. 2000).”
BackgroundPeco, B., de Pablos, I., Traba, J., & Levassor, C. (2005) · Basic and Applied Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.baae.2005.01.002 · Cited by 146
Knapp, S., Dinsmore, L., Fissore, C., Hobbie, S. E., Jakobsdottir, I., Kattge, J., King, J. Y., Klotz, S., McFadden, J. P., & Cavender-Bares, J. M. (2012) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/11-0392.1 · Cited by 147
“In brief, the typical spontaneous yard species is shortlived, fast growing, does not invest much energy in longlived organs, produces small seeds (and thus, many; Westoby 1998), pollinates and disperses itself or uses humans as dispersal vectors, and is adapted to high temperatures.”
BackgroundŠímová, I., Violle, C., Svenning, J., Kattge, J., Engemann, K., Sandel, B., Peet, R. K., Wiser, S. K., Blonder, B. W., McGill, B. J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/jbi.13171 · Cited by 145
“…related to key plant ecological strategies (D ıaz et al., 2016): plant height, specific leaf area (SLA) and seed mass as representatives of major plant strategies (Westoby, 1998), and leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations per mass as key resource use–related traits (Chown & Gaston, 2008).”
BackgroundGrazing response groups among understorey plants in arid rangelands
Landsberg, J. J., Lavorel, S., & Stol, J. (1999) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.2307/3237083 · Cited by 145
Effects of grassland management on plant functional trait composition
Kahmen, S., & Poschlod, P. (2008) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.016 · Cited by 144
Poorter, L., Kitajima, K., Mercado, P., Chubiña, J., Melgar, I., & Prins, H. H. T. (2010) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/09-0862.1 · Cited by 143
“…considered to be an important component of plant life history in many plant biomes (Bond and Midgley 2001, Vesk and Westoby 2004), but surprisingly, it is not routinely included in plant strategy schemes (e.g., Westoby 1998, Grime 2001, but see Loehle 2000 for temperate forests, and Pausas et al.”
BackgroundSmart, S. M., Bunce, R. G. H., Marrs, R. H., LeDuc, M. G., Firbank, L. G., Maskell, L. C., Scott, W. A., Thompson, K. A., & Walker, K. J. (2005) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2004.12.013 · Cited by 143
“Specific leaf area (SLA) (leaf area per unit dry mass) has been considered a key plant trait associated with an axis of primary specialisation in resource use (Westoby, 1998).”
BackgroundGross, N., Suding, K. N., & Lavorel, S. (2007) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2007.tb02540.x · Cited by 146
sPlotOpen – An environmentally balanced, open‐access, global dataset of vegetation plots
Sabatini, F. M., Lenoir, J., Hattab, T., Arnst, E., Chytrý, M., Dengler, J., de Ruffray, P., Hennekens, S. M., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., et al. (2021) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.13346 · Cited by 141
Perring, M. P., Bernhardt‐Römermann, M., Baeten, L., Midolo, G., Blondeel, H., Depauw, L., Landuyt, D., Maes, S. L., Lombaerde, E. D., Carón, M. M., et al. (2017) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.14030 · Cited by 152
“…three traits (specific leaf area [SLA], plant height and seed mass) that arguably capture fundamental trade-offs for plants (D ıaz et al., 2016; Laughlin, 2014; Weiher et al., 1999; Westoby, 1998), and given the need to understand temporal trait responses to environmental change to aid prediction.”
BackgroundSwenson, N. G., & Enquist, B. J. (2008) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.3732/ajb.95.4.516 · Cited by 141
Lavergne, S., Garnier, É., & Debussche, M. (2003) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00456.x · Cited by 139
“Recently, Westoby (1998) proposed that such questions could be addressed by using three fundamental traits: specific leaf area (SLA, i.e. lightintercepting area deployed per leaf dry mass) which captures the fundamental trade-off between resource acquisition and conservation in plants (Poorter &…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTribouillois, H., Fort, F., Cruz, P., Charles, R., Flores, O., Garnier, É., & Justes, É. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122156 · Cited by 165
“Ecological theories [11,12] and empirical works [13,14] showed that, in wild species, relative growth rate (RGR) is related to various leaf functional traits [15,16] and it is one of the components underlying plant strategies [11,12].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Westoby, M.
- Affiliations
- Macquarie University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Westoby, Mark
- ORCID
- Westoby, Mark
- Venue
- Plant and Soil
- Published
- 1998-02
- Volume
- 199
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 213-227
- ISSN
- 0032-079X (ISSN-L)
- 1573-5036
- OpenAlex
- W201316592
- Cited by
- 1,925
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 93 · 2025: 105 · 2024: 104 · 2023: 151 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 124 · 2020: 124 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 106 · 2016: 82 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 94 · 2012: 60
- FWCI
- 17.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Plant and Soil (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Keywords
- plant ecological strategies, specific leaf area, seed weight, canopy height, disturbance tolerance, stress tolerance, plant functional traits, plant ecophysiology, global change
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