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Cited by 353Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchCrime Patterns and InterventionsSocial and Intergroup Psychology

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Racial Discrimination and Racial Identity as Risk or Protective Factors for Violent Behaviors in African American Young Adults

Caldwell, Cleopatra Howard, Kohn-Wood, Laura P., Schmeelk-Cone, Karen H., Chavous, Tabbye M., Zimmerman, Marc A.·2004·American Journal of Community Psychology
DOI 10.1023/b:ajcp.0000014321.02367.dd
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Abstract

This study examined the influences of racial discrimination and different racial identity attitudes on engaging in violent behavior among 325 African American young adults. The contributions of racial discrimination and racial identity attitudes in explaining violent behavior during the transition into young adulthood while controlling for the influences of prior risk behaviors at ninth grade were examined separately for males and females. In addition, the buffering effects of racial identity attitudes on the relationship between racial discrimination and violent behavior were tested. Results indicated that experience with racial discrimination was a strong predictor of violent behavior, regardless of gender. The centrality of race for males and the meaning others attribute to being Black for both males and females were moderators of the influence of racial discrimination on violent behavior.

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  • Studies have linked discrimination and perceived racism to psychosocial difficulties in African American youth, including low self-esteem and depressive symptoms.

    “Results from a number of studies have linked experiences of discrimination and perceived racism to a range of psychosocial difficulties in African American youth, including low self-esteem and depressive symptoms (Caldwell et al., 2004; Clark, Coleman, & Novak, 2004; DuBois, Burk-Braxton, Swenson, Tevendale, & Hardesty, 2002; Fisher, Wallace, & Fenton, 2000; Nyborg & Curry, 2003; Prelow, Danoff-B”

    From Perceived Racial Discrimination and Self-Esteem in African American Youth: Racial Socialization as a Protective Factor (2007) · cites this paper as Caldwell et al., 2004

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Metadata

Authors
Caldwell, C. H., Kohn-Wood, L. P., Schmeelk-Cone, K. H., Chavous, T. M., & Zimmerman, M. A.
Affiliations
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • Department of Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
  • Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
Corresponding author
Caldwell, Cleopatra Howard
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Community Psychology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2004-03
Volume
33
Issue
1-2
Pages
91-105
ISSN
  • 0091-0562 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-2770
DOI
10.1023/b:ajcp.0000014321.02367.dd
OpenAlex
W2074465067
Cited by
353
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 15
FWCI
41.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • American Journal of Community Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA07484, R01DA007484)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords
racial discrimination, racial identity attitudes, violent behavior, African American young adults, transition to young adulthood, risk and protective factors, gender differences, buffering effect
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Black or African American, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Prejudice, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Social Environment, Social Identification, Violence, Midwestern United States, Linear Models

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