Validierung einer deutschen Version der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D)

Hupfeld, Jörg; Ruffieux, Nicole

doi:10.1026/1616-3443/a000088

Cited by 237Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPsychometric Methodologies and TestingPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

Validierung einer deutschen Version der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D)

Hupfeld, Jörg, Ruffieux, Nicole·2011·Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie

DOI 10.1026/1616-3443/a000088

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Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Self-Compassion bezeichnet eine positive Grundeinstellung gegenüber der eigenen Person in schwierigen Lebenssituationen. Dieses Persönlichkeitsmerkmal hat sich als wirksamer Schutzfaktor erwiesen, der die emotionale Resilienz fördert. In letzter Zeit wurden Therapieansätze entwickelt, in denen die Förderung von Self-Compassion eine zentrale Rolle einnimmt. Fragestellung: Wie gut sind die Gütekriterien der deutschen Übersetzung der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D)? Methode: Die 26-Item Skala wurde ins Deutsche übersetzt. An zwei Stichproben (396 und 165 Personen) wurden die dimensionale Struktur, Reliabilität und Validität der Skala überprüft. Ergebnisse: In Übereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen zur Originalfassung zeigten sich für die SCS-D eine sechsfaktorielle Struktur und erwartungsgemäße Zusammenhänge mit psychischer Belastung und subjektivem Wohlbefinden. Schlussfolgerung: Mit der deutschen Übersetzung der SCS liegt ein Inventar vor, mit dem Self-Compassion ökonomisch, reliabel und valide erfasst werden kann.

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“2015), were able to replicate the higher-order model; though several other studies did not find support for the proposed structure, implying that the use of a SCS total score is not justified (Costa et al. 2015; Hupfeld and Ruffieux 2011; Kotsou and Leys 2016; López et al. 2015; Petrocchi et al. 2014; de Souza and Hut…”
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“To date researchers often have found six-factors composed of three positive and negative factors (Neff et al., 2008; Lee and Lee, 2010; Hupfeld and Ruffieux, 2011; Azizi et al., 2013; Arimitsu, 2014; Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014; Petrocchi et al., 2014; Williams et al., 2014; Bento et al., 2016; de…”
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“, university students and graduates), and a clinical sample [18, 19, 23].”
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“Presently, suchmeasures are predominantly available in English, although the Self-Compassion Scale and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale are now available in other languages (e.g., Catak 2012; Deng et al. 2012; Hupfeld and Ruffieux 2011; Michalak et al. 2008).”
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“For the SCS, based on the standard deviation of 0.60 (Körner et al., 2015) and a retest reliability of .92 (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011), we calculated a reliable change criterion of 0.47.”
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“I n th e ta bl e ab ov e, al th ou gh th e fi ti nd ic es w er e av er ag ed ba se d on th e sa m pl es ,a ll fo ur sh ow ed at le as t ac ce pt ab le go od ne ss of fi t Portugal (Castilho et al. 2015; Cunha et al. 2016), Norway (Dundas et al. 2016), Germany (Hupfeld and Ruffieux 2011), France (Kotsou and Leys 2016),…”
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BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Mindfulness and Self-compassion as Unique and Common Predictors of Affect in the General Population
López, A., Sanderman, R., & Schroevers, M. J. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0568-y · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Some studies have found evidence for a six-factor correlated structured for the SCS (Petrocchi et al. 2013; Hupfeld and Ruffieux 2011), whereas others showed support for a twofactor structure with one factor containing the positive items and the other the negative items (Costa et al. 2015; López et…”
Background
Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)
Neff, K. D., & Tóth‐Király, I. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77644-2_36-1 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Through the tunnel, to the light: Why sense of coherence covers and exceeds resilience, optimism, and self-compassion
Grevenstein, D., Aguilar‐Raab, C., Schweitzer, J., & Bluemke, M. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.001 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Being My Own Companion in Times of Social Isolation – A 14-Day Mobile Self-Compassion Intervention Improves Stress Levels and Eating Behavior
Schnepper, R., Reichenberger, J., & Blechert, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.595806 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Be Kind to Yourself: the Implications of Momentary Self-Compassion for Affective Dynamics and Well-Being in Daily Life
Mey, L. K., Wenzel, M., Morello, K., Rowland, Z., Kubiak, T., & Tüscher, O. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-02050-y · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“This result is in line with past between-person research demonstrating higher overall well-being (e.g., Zessin et al., 2015) as well as higher PA and lower NA in more selfcompassionate individuals (e.g., Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011; Krieger et al., 2015).”
MethodResultInfluential
Factor Structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in 11 International Samples
Halamová, J., Kanovský, M., Petrocchi, N., Moreira, H., López, A., Barnett, M. D., Yang, E., Benda, J., Brähler, E., Zeng, X., et al. (2020) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · doi:10.1080/07481756.2020.1735203 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Külz, A. K., Landmann, S., Cludius, B., Hottenrott, B., Rose, N. L. J., Heidenreich, T., Hertenstein, E., Voderholzer, U., & Moritz, S. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0314-8 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Neural representation and clinically relevant moderators of individualised self-criticism in healthy subjects
Doerig, N., Schlumpf, Y., Spinelli, S., Späti, J., Brakowski, J., Quednow, B. B., Seifritz, E., & Grosse Holtforth, M. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst123 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Furthermore, subjects completed the 26-item German version of the Self-Compassion-Scale (SCS-D; Hupfeld and Ruffieux, 2011).”
Background
The Relationship between Self-Compassion and Sleep Quality: An Overview of a Seven-Year German Research Program
Butz, S., & Stahlberg, D. (2020) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs10030064 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“As the samples were recruited in Germany, all studies assessed self-compassion using a validated German translation [40].”
Method
Psychosocial factors promoting resilience during the menopausal transition
Süss, H., Willi, J., Grub, J., & Ehlert, U. (2020) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-020-01055-7 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-Compassion Mediates the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms
Scheibner, H. J., Daniels, A., Guendelman, S., Utz, F., & Bermpohl, F. (2017) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2017_31_331 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self‐compassion and psychological distress in chronic illness: A meta‐analysis
Baxter, R., & Sirois, F. M. (2024) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12761 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Evaluation of the revised Sense of Coherence scale in a sample of older adults: A means to assess resilience aspects
Rohner, S. L., Höltge, J., Maercker, A. R. A., & Thoma, M. V. (2017) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2017.1364348 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“The SelfCompassion Scale – Short Form (SCS-SF) measures self-compassion and consists of 12 items (Raes, Pommier, Neff, & Van Gucht, 2011), with high internal consistency of a = .84 (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011).”
Background
Effects of a Novel, Transdiagnostic, Hybrid Ecological Momentary Intervention for Improving Resilience in Youth (EMIcompass): Protocol for an Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial
Schick, A., Paetzold, I., Rauschenberg, C., Hirjak, D., Banaschewski, T., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Boehnke, J. R., Boecking, B., & Reininghaus, U. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/27462 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Furthermore, the Self-Compassion Scale [101], the Fife Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire [102], and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire [103] will be used to assess self-compassion and emotion regulation.”
Resilience and Stress in Later Life: A Network Analysis Approach Depicting Complex Interactions of Resilience Resources and Stress-Related Risk Factors in Older Adults
Thoma, M. V., Höltge, J., Eising, C. M., Pfluger, V., & Rohner, S. L. (2020) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.580969 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“In order to assess “self-compassion” (SCS), the short form German version (Hupfeld and Ruffieux, 2011) of the Self-Compassion Scale was used (Raes et al.”
Method
Effects of a 12-Week Mindfulness, Compassion, and Loving Kindness Program on Chronic Depression: A Pilot Within-Subjects Wait-List Controlled Trial
Graser, J., Höfling, V., Weβlau, C., Mendes, A., & Stangier, U. (2016) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.30.1.35 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Self-compassion was assessed with the German version of the SelfCompassion Scale (SCS; Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011) which consists of 26 items, an overall score, and 6 subscales: Self-Kindness, Self-Judgment, Common Humanity, Isolation, Mindfulness, and Over-Identification.”
Method
Self-Compassion Scale: IRT Psychometric Analysis, Validation, and Factor Structure – Slovak Translation
Halamová, J., Kanovský, M., & Pacúchová, M. (2018) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb.398 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“The Selfcompassion scale (Neff, 2003) was translated into Chinese (Chen, Yan, & Zhou, 2011), Czech (Benda & Reichová, 2016), Dutch (Neff & Vonk, 2009), French (Kotsou & Leys, 2016), German (Hupfield & Ruffieux, 2011), Greek (Mantzios, Wilson, & Giannou, 2015), Hungarian (Tóth-Király, Bőthe, & Orosz, 2016), Iranian (Az…”
A Mindfulness Program to Improve Resident Physicians’ Personal and Work-Related Well-being: a Feasibility Study
Fendel, J. C., Aeschbach, V. M.-J., Göritz, A. S., & Schmidt, S. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01366-x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Biopsychosocial predictors of depressive symptoms in the perimenopause-findings from the Swiss Perimenopause Study.
Willi, J., Süss, H., Grub, J., & Ehlert, U. (2021) · Menopause · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000001704 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Self-compassion was measured with the German, shortform version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D).(47) The SCS-D contains 12 items and can be categorized into six subdomains.”
Method
Effects of Taiji Practice on Mindfulness and Self-Compassion in Healthy Participants—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Nedeljković, M., Wirtz, P. H., & Ausfeld‐Hafter, B. (2012) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0092-7 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“In accordance with this original version, the validated German translation of the SCS (Hupfeld and Ruffieux 2011), which has been used in our study, is also assessing the following six subscales: self-kindness (α 0 0.83), self-judgment (α 0 0.74), common humanity (α 0 0.75), isolation (α 0 0.80),…”
MethodInfluential
A Trauma-Adapted Mindfulness and Loving-Kindness Intervention for Patients with PTSD After Interpersonal Violence: a Multiple-Baseline Study
Müller‐Engelmann, M., Schreiber, C., Kümmerle, S., Heidenreich, T., Stangier, U., & Steil, R. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1068-z · Cited by 27 · see citing works
How do traditional masculinity ideologies and emotional competence relate to aggression and physical domestic violence in cisgender men?
Logoz, F., Eggenberger, L., Komlenac, N., Schneeberger, M., Ehlert, U., & Walther, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1100114 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The Perceived Stress Scale 2&2: a two-factorial German short version of the Perceived Stress Scale
Schäfer, S. K., von Boros, L., Göritz, A. S., Baumann, S., Wessa, M., Tüscher, O., Lieb, K., & Möhring, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1195986 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Does repetitive thinking mediate the relationship between self-compassion and competition anxiety in athletes?
Jansen, P., Hoja, S., & Meneghetti, C. (2021) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2021.1909243 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“(SCS, Neff, 2003; German version: Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011) The SCS (SCS, Neff, 2003; German version: Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011) comprises on the one side the positive elements of self-kindness (“I’m kind to myself, when I am experience suffering”), common humanity (“I try to see my failings as part…”
Background
Validity and reliability of the Polish version of the Self-Compassion Scale and its correlates
Kocur, D. J., Flakus, M., & Fopka-Kowalczyk, M. J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0267637 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“These findings are consistent with an earlier study by Hupfeld and Ruffieux [41], which proved that for analysing the SCS, ESEM yields a better fit to the data than CFA.”
Result
Using the Personalized Advantage Index for individual treatment allocation to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or a CBT with integrated exposure and emotion-focused elements (CBT-EE)
Friedl, N., Berger, T., Krieger, T., Caspar, F., & Holtforth, M. G. (2019) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2019.1664782 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Validierung einer deutschen version der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D).”
Method
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy as Migraine Intervention: a Randomized Waitlist Controlled Trial
Simshäuser, K., Pohl, R., Behrens, P. J., Schultz, C., Lahmann, C., & Schmidt, S. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-021-10044-8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the Slovenian long and short version of the self-compassion scale
Uršič, N., Kocjančič, D., & Žvelc, G. (2018) · Psihologija · doi:10.2298/psi180408029u · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“The six-factor structure was confirmed on a population of students in Greece (Mantzios, Wilson, & Giannou, 2013), Turkey (Akin, Akin, & Abaci, 2007), Iran (Azizi, Mohammadkhani, Lotfi, & Bahramkhani, 2013), Germany (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011), Italy (Petrocchi, Ottaviani, & Couyoumdjian, 2013), and Japan (Arimitsu, 201…”
Are self-compassionate partners less jealous? Exploring the mediation effects of anger rumination and willingness to forgive on the association between self-compassion and romantic jealousy
Tandler, N., & Petersen, L. (2018) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9797-7 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Self-Compassion Self-compassion was assessed by using a German version (Hupfeld and Ruffieux 2011) of the SelfCompassion Scale (SCS; Neff 2003a).”
MethodResultInfluential
Mind–Body Practice Is Related to Pro-environmental Engagement Through Self-compassion and Global Identity Rather Than to Self-enhancement
Loy, L. S., Clemens, A., & Reese, G. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01823-1 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Self‑compassion We used the German short version of the Self-Compassion Scale (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011; English version by Raes et al., 2011).”
Method
Cognitive‐affective responses to online positive‐psychological interventions: The effects of optimistic, grateful, and self‐compassionate writing
Heekerens, J. B., Eid, M., Heinitz, K., & Merkle, B. V. M. (2022) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12326 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Stress Perception and Coping as Mediators of the Link Between Self-Compassion and Affective Well-being? Evidence From Two Longitudinal Studies
Ewert, C., Buechner, A., & Schröder-Abé, M. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02295-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Self‑Compassion SC was measured with the standardized German version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D; Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011; Neff, 2003a).”
Influential
Mindfulness, cognitive fusion, and self-compassion in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders—A cross-sectional study
Böge, K., Pollex, F., Bergmann, N., Hahne, I., Zierhut, M. M., Mavituna, S., Thomas, N., & Hahn, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959467 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Dispositional self-compassion impacts immediate and delayed reactions to social evaluation
Ewert, C., Gaube, B., & Geisler, F. C. M. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.037 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Mechanisms and Effectiveness of Imagery Strategies in Reducing Disgust in Contamination-Related Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: Comparing Imagery Rescripting, Imagery Self-compassion and Mood-Focused Imagery
Fink‐Lamotte, J., Platter, P., Stierle, C. M. G., & Exner, C. (2021) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10275-9 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS; Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011) was applied to measure the habitual use of self-compassion.”
Method
The link between self‐compassion and psychotic‐like experiences: A matter of distress?
Scheunemann, J., Schlier, B., Ascone, L., & Lincoln, T. M. (2018) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12193 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Enhancing Social Interaction in Depression (SIDE study): protocol of a randomised controlled trial on the effects of a Cognitively Based Compassion Training (CBCT) for couples
Aguilar‐Raab, C., Jarczok, M. N., Warth, M., Stoffel, M., Winter, F., Tieck, M., Berg, J., Negi, L. T., Harrison, T., Pace, T. W. W., et al. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020448 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Embodied Cognition in Meditation, Yoga, and Ethics—An Experimental Single-Case Study on the Differential Effects of Four Mind–Body Treatments
Matko, K., Sedlmeier, P., & Bringmann, H. C. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191811734 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“We assessed self-compassion with the German version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCSD; [58]).”
Method
A prospective investigation of developmental trajectories of psychosocial adjustment in adolescents facing a chronic condition - study protocol of an observational, multi-center study
Warschburger, P., Petersen, A.-C., von Rezori, R. E., Buchallik, F., Baumeister, H., Holl, R. W., Minden, K., Mueller‐Stierlin, A. S., Reinauer, C., & Staab, D. (2021) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-021-02869-9 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Stress Processing Mediates the Link Between Momentary Self-compassion and Affective Well-being
Ewert, C., Hoffmann, C. F. A., & Schröder-Abé, M. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01954-z · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Self-compassion was measured with the short German version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D; Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011; Neff, 2003a) for which we adapted the introduction text to form a Daily Self-Compassion Scale (DSCS).”
Method
A Hybrid Ecological Momentary Compassion–Focused Intervention for Enhancing Resilience in Help-Seeking Young People: Prospective Study of Baseline Characteristics in the EMIcompass Trial
Paetzold, I., Schick, A., Rauschenberg, C., Hirjak, D., Banaschewski, T., Meyer‐Lindenberg, A., Butz, S., Floesser, C., Schültke, L., Boehnke, J. R., et al. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/39511 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Multimedia Appendix 4 [12,59,60,66-78] provides an overview of the measures used and the time points of administration.”
Background
The effects of internal feedback and self-compassion on the perception of negative feedback and post-feedback learning behavior
Laudel, H., & Narciss, S. (2023) · Studies In Educational Evaluation · doi:10.1016/j.stueduc.2023.101237 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Fasting and Lifestyle Modification in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: Effects on Patient-Reported Outcomes
Jeitler, M., Lauche, R., Hohmann, C., Choi, K., Schneider, N., Steckhan, N., Rathjens, F., Anheyer, D., Paul, A. E., von Scheidt, C., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14173559 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“• Self-compassion on the 26-Item Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) [43].”
Influential
Mindfulness and Self-Compassion in Clinical Psychiatric Rehabilitation: a Clinical Trial
Gaiswinkler, L., Kaufmann, P., Pollheimer, E., Ackermann, A., Holasek, S. J., Kapfhammer, H., & Unterrainer, . (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01171-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“The primary outcome measure was the change in the Self Compassion Scale (SCS) total score, where the German version was used (Hupfeld and Ruffieux 2011; Neff 2003).”
Method
The Swiss Perimenopause Study – study protocol of a longitudinal prospective study in perimenopausal women
Willi, J., Süss, H., & Ehlert, U. (2020) · Women's Midlife Health · doi:10.1186/s40695-020-00052-1 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The role of self-care and self-compassion in networks of resilience and stress among healthcare professionals
Pank, C., von Boros, L., Lieb, K., Dalkner, N., Egger-Lampl, S., Lehr, D., Schäfer, S. K., Tüscher, O., & Wessa, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-01111-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Self-compassion was measured using the German version 54 of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D) 55 .”
Self-Compassion Across Cultures
Arimitsu, K. (2023) · Mindfulness in behavioral health · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-22348-8_8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Feasibility and efficacy of a digital resilience training: A pilot study of the strengths-based training RESIST
Behrendt, D., Boß, L., Hannibal, S., Kunzler, A., Wessa, M., & Lehr, D. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100649 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-compassion and repetitive thinking in relation to depressive mood and fear of the future
Jansen, P. (2021) · German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research · doi:10.1007/s12662-021-00712-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The impact of session-introducing mindfulness and relaxation interventions in individual psychotherapy for children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial (MARS-CA)
Kalmar, J., Baumann, I., Gruber, E., Vonderlin, E., Bents, H., Neubauer, A., Heidenreich, T., & Mander, J. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06212-0 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Getting the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 ready for clinical practice: Norm values and correlates in a representative sample from the German populationPreprint
Rek, K., Kerber, A., Kemper, C. J., & Zimmermann, J. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/5hm43 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-compassion Predicts Higher Affective Well-being and Lower Stress Symptoms Through Less Dysfunctional Coping: A Three-wave Longitudinal Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Asselmann, E., Bendau, A., Hoffmann, C. F. A., & Ewert, C. (2024) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-024-00755-6 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Three positive subscales (self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness) and 3 negative subscales (self-judgement, self-isolation, and over-identification) were assessed using the German version of the 26-item Self-Compassion Scale (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011; Neff, 2003a).”
Problem gambling during Covid-19
Frisone, F., Alibrandi, A., & Settineri, S. (2020) · Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.6092/2282-1619/mjcp-2457 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Body and mind? Exploring physiological and psychological factors to explain endurance performance in cycling
Röthlin, P., Wyler, M., Müller, B., Zenger, N., Kellenberger, K., Wehrlin, J. P., Birrer, D., Lorenzetti, S., & Trösch, S. (2021) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2021.2018049 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“In our sample, Cronbach’s α was .81 (95% CI .71–.91), while Hupfeld and Ruffieux (2011) reported a Cronbach α of .91.”
Method
Text Message Feedback to Support Mindfulness Practice in People With Depressive Symptoms: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Kraft, S., Wolf, M., Klein, T., Becker, T. M., Bauer, S., & Puschner, B. (2017) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.7095 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Choice of Sports Affects Mental Rotation Performance in Adolescents
Pietsch, S., Jansen, P., & Lehmann, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00224 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
REMOTION Blended Transdiagnostic Intervention for Symptom Reduction and Improvement of Emotion Regulation in an Outpatient Psychotherapeutic Setting: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Bielinski, L. L., Krieger, T., Moggi, F., Trimpop, L. F., Willutzki, U., Nissen, C., & Berger, T. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/20936 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Patient self-compassion will be assessed with the German version [77] of the Self-Compassion Scale, a 26-item self-report scale that is both reliable and valid and will be given to all patients at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks.”
Who benefits most? Interactions between personality traits and outcomes of four incremental meditation and yoga treatments
Matko, K., Berghöfer, A., Jeitler, M., Sedlmeier, P., & Bringmann, H. C. (2022) · doi:10.31231/osf.io/9rbqe · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Self-compassion was measured with the 26-item German version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D) [44], which assesses one’s ability to be kind and forgiving to oneself in difficult circumstances.”
Method
Self-compassion moderates the influence of procrastination on postponing sporting activity
Rapoport, O., Bengel, S., Möcklinghoff, S., & Neidhardt, E. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111242 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Spanish Version of the State Self-Compassion Scale–Long Form (SSCS–L): A Study of Its Validity and Reliability in a Sample of Nursing Students
Galiana, L., Guillén-Solà, M., Jiménez, A. P., Flowers, S.-L. D., Vidal‐Blanco, G., & Sansó, N. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191610174 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Both the SCS and the SCS–SF have been adapted and translated to several languages, including Brazilian Portuguese [49], Chinese [50], French [51], German [52], Greek [53], Italian [54], Japanese [55], Korean [56], Norwegian [57], Persian [58], Portuguese [59], or Spanish [60].”
Background
Explicit and Implicit Affective Attitudes toward Sustainability: The Role of Mindfulness, Heartfulness, Connectedness to Nature and Prosocialness
Winkelmair, A., Siebertz, M., Jost, L., Schröter, F., Bartenschlager, C. T. J., & Jansen, P. (2023) · International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology · doi:10.1007/s41042-023-00107-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“For measuring self-compassion, the Self-compassion Scale (SCS; Neff, 2003) was used in its German version (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011).”

Am I self-compassionate, right now? – Validation of the State Self-Compassion Scale in German speaking samplesPreprint
Haage, M. (2024) · doi:10.17605/osf.io/wgjat
Psychometrische Evaluation einer deutschen 12-Item Kurzform der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D-KF)
Beerbaum, L., Meincke, T., Schaal, N. K., Schäfer, R., & Dinger, U. (2026) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/a-2765-2394
Validation of the state self-compassion scale in a German sample and its relations to psychological well-being and mental health
Boros, L., Möhring, A., Göritz, A., Lieb, K., Wessa, M., Tüscher, O., & Schäfer, S. K. (2025) · Digitalen Hochschulbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt (Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt) · doi:10.25673/121567
Translation and Validation Study of the Korean Self-Compassion Scale
Chae, S. W., Cheon, J. E., Latner, J. D., & Kim, Y.-H. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02453-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of Neff’s Self-Compassion Scale in a Swedish Sample
Anderson, A. (2015) · DiVA (Mälardalen University College)

Authors: Hupfeld, J., & Ruffieux, N.
Affiliations: University of Bern (CH)
Venue: Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Published: 2011-04
Volume: 40
Issue: 2
Pages: 115-123
ISSN: 1616-3443 (ISSN-L)
2190-6297
DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000088
OpenAlex: W1984218279
Cited by: 237
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 2.07
Type: journal article
Language: de
Open access: closed
Locations: Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie (publishedVersion)
BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords: self-compassion, Self-Compassion Scale, German translation, psychometric validation, factor structure, reliability statistics, psychological distress, subjective well-being, psychological resilience

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Validierung einer deutschen Version der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D)

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