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Deconstructing atlantic intertropical convergence zone variability: influence of the local cross-equatorial sea surface temperature gradient and remote forcing from the eastern equatorial Pacific.

Chiang, John C. H., Kushnir, Yochanan, Giannini, Alessandra·2002·Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

DOI 10.1029/2000jd000307

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Abstract

We investigate causes of interannual variability in Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) convection using a monthly mean global precipitation data set spanning 1979–1999. Starting from the hypothesis of two dominant influences on the ITCZ, namely, the cross‐equatorial gradient in tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) and the anomalous Walker circulation due to the rearrangement of tropical Pacific convection associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, we analyze anomaly composites over the 1979–1999 period that best isolate the effects of each mechanism. Our results suggest that to first order, a strong anomalous Walker circulation suppresses precipitation over the tropical Atlantic, whereas an anomalous warm north/cool south SST gradient shifts the meridional location of maximum ITCZ convection anomalously north. We examined the processes underlying each of the two mechanisms. For the anomalous Walker circulation we find consistency with the idea of suppression of convection through warming of the tropical troposphere brought about by anomalous convective heating in the eastern equatorial Pacific. For the SST gradient mechanism our results confirm previous studies that link convection to cross‐equatorial winds forced by meridional SST gradients. We find that positive surface flux feedback brought about through the cross‐equatorial winds is weak and confined to the deep tropics. On the basis of the results of this and other studies we propose an expa…

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Authors: Chiang, J. C. H., Kushnir, Y., & Giannini, A.
Affiliations: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (US)
ORCID: Chiang, John C. H.
Kushnir, Yochanan
Giannini, Alessandra
Venue: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published: 2002-01-05
Volume: 107
Issue: D1
ISSN: 0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000307
OpenAlex: W2147206393
Cited by: 264
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 8.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
Keywords: Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone, interannual variability, Walker circulation, ENSO

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Deconstructing atlantic intertropical convergence zone variability: influence of the local cross-equatorial sea surface temperature gradient and remote forcing from the eastern equatorial Pacific.

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