Extratropical Cooling, Interhemispheric Thermal Gradients, and Tropical Climate Change

Chiang, John C.H.; Friedman, Andrew R.

doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105545

Cited by 379Climate variability and modelsGeology and Paleoclimatology ResearchAtmospheric aerosols and clouds

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Extratropical Cooling, Interhemispheric Thermal Gradients, and Tropical Climate Change

Chiang, John C.H., Friedman, Andrew R.·2012·Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

DOI 10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105545

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Abstract

Recent studies suggest the existence of a global atmospheric teleconnection of extratropical cooling to the tropical rainfall climate, mediated through the development of a thermal contrast between the hemispheres—an interhemispheric thermal gradient. This teleconnection has been largely motivated by studies that show a global synchronization of rapid climate change during abrupt climate changes of the last glacial period, in addition to attribution studies of twentieth-century Sahel drought and studies that examined the climate impacts of anthropogenic aerosols. This research has led to interesting developments in atmospheric dynamics of the underlying mechanisms and in applications toward understanding past and present tropical climate change. The emerging teleconnection hypothesis promises to offer new insights into understanding future patterns of tropical rainfall changes due to interhemispheric thermal gradients from greenhouse warming, aerosols, and land-use change.

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The clustering of extreme annual low stand values occurring during and following the Hrafnkatla episode may suggest a different, more persistent tropical hydroclimate response following prolonged volcanic emissions, as was the case during the 20th century which was dominated by anthropogenic sulfur emissions.
“The low flow following these short-lived high-latitude eruptions is of short duration (i.e., the year after the eruption), and therefore, the clustering of extreme annual low stand values occurring during and following the Hrafnkatla episode may suggest a different, more persistent tropical hydroclimate response following prolonged volcanic emissions as was the case during the 20th century which w”
From Decadal-to-centennial increases of volcanic aerosols from Iceland challenge the concept of a Medieval Quiet Period (2024) · cites this paper as [74]

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Simulation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation in a Coupled General Circulation Model. Part I: Comparison with Observations and an Atmosphere-Only GCM
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(1981) · doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109
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(1987) · doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017
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Latif, M. (1999) · doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012

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10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2195:TEOLSS>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
Flohn H, 1982, Carbon Dioxide Review, 1982, 145
10.1175/1520-0469(1981)038<2653:OTDODI>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1609:AIISAS>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2103:TRTATI>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
10.1175/1520-0442-12.1.64 · DOI

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Authors: Chiang, J. C. H., & Friedman, A. R.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
ORCID: Chiang, John C.H.
Friedman, Andrew R.
Venue: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2012-05-30
Volume: 40
Issue: 1
Pages: 383-412
ISSN: 0084-6597 (ISSN-L)
1545-4495
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105545
OpenAlex: W2146529780
Cited by: 379
References: 116
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 1.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences (publishedVersion)
UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Energy (DEFG0208ER64588)
Secretário de Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior, Governo do Estado de Parana
Office of Science
Biological and Environmental Research
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
Keywords: tropical rainfall variability, teleconnections, abrupt climate change, last glacial period, Sahel drought, anthropogenic aerosols, global warming, land use change, tropical climate change

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Extratropical Cooling, Interhemispheric Thermal Gradients, and Tropical Climate Change

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