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Farming the planet: 1. Geographic distribution of global agricultural lands in the year 2000
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Agricultural activities have dramatically altered our planet's land surface. To understand the extent and spatial distribution of these changes, we have developed a new global data set of croplands and pastures circa 2000 by combining agricultural inventory data and satellite‐derived land cover data. The agricultural inventory data, with much greater spatial detail than previously available, is used to train a land cover classification data set obtained by merging two different satellite‐derived products (Boston University's MODIS‐derived land cover product and the GLC2000 data set). Our data are presented at 5 min (∼10 km) spatial resolution in longitude by longitude, have greater accuracy than previously available, and for the first time include statistical confidence intervals on the estimates. According to the data, there were 15.0 (90% confidence range of 12.2–17.1) million km 2 of cropland (12% of the Earth's ice‐free land surface) and 28.0 (90% confidence range of 23.6–30.0) million km 2 of pasture (22%) in the year 2000.
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“The extent of permanent pastures and meadows, the key category for which global statistical data are available (http://faostat.fao.org;any grazing land used for more than five consecutive years), spans 28 (33) to 34 Mkm², including extensively used natural grasslands (Section 2.2), intensively managed pastures and meadows established in natural grassland areas, as well as grassland that was estab”
From Restoring Degraded Lands (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
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“, developed global cropland and pasture extent maps [29].”
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The effect of financial crises on deforestation: a global and regional panel data analysis
Antonarakis, A. S., Pacca, L., & Antoniades, A. (2022) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-021-01086-8 · Cited by 35
Globalizing land use transitions: the soybean acceleration
Reenberg, A., & Fenger, N. A. (2011) · Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography · doi:10.1080/00167223.2011.10669524 · Cited by 35
Applying Occam's razor to global agricultural land use change
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THE YIELD GAP: CLOSING THE GAP BY WIDENING THE APPROACH
Snyder, K., Miththapala, S., Sommer, R., & Braslow, J. (2016) · Experimental Agriculture · doi:10.1017/s0014479716000508 · Cited by 27
“…1999; Cassman, 2010; Cassman and Wood, 2005; FAO, 2014; Foley et al., 2011; Godfray et al., 2010; Hall and Richards, 2013; Monfreda et al., 2008; Ramankutty et al., 2008), there appears to be little consensus on how best to address it, though a multitude of approaches have been proposed and…”
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“It is assumed that the area of cropland (Ramankutty et al. 2008) remains constant over time.”
Overview and assessment of algal biofuels production technologies
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“According to Ramankutty et al. (2008), agriculture encompasses around 15 million km 2 of the land surface, and 16% of this area has irrigation systems.”
Use of Landsat and MODIS data to remotely estimate Russia’s sown area
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Livestock Grazing, the Neglected Land Use
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“Approximately 12% of the Earth’s ice-free land surface is covered by croplands [1], and investments in agricultural development have in recent decades led to increased productivity [2].”
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Grassland fragmentation and its influence on woody plant cover in the southern Great Plains, USA
Scholtz, R., Polo, J., Tanner, E. P., & Fuhlendorf, S. D. (2018) · Landscape Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10980-018-0702-4 · Cited by 34
“Society depends on grasslands and savannas for cultivation (Ramankutty et al. 2008).”
BackgroundChanging yields in the Central United States under climate and technological change
Burchfield, E., Matthews-Pennanen, N., Schoof, J. T., & Lant, C. L. (2019) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-019-02567-7 · Cited by 37
Challenges and Potentials for Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration in Forage and Grazing Systems
Sarkar, R., Corriher‐Olson, V., Long, C. R., & Somenahally, A. (2020) · Rangeland Ecology & Management · doi:10.1016/j.rama.2020.04.002 · Cited by 35
Zhai, R., Tao, F., Chen, Y., Dai, H., Liu, Z., & Fu, B. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157928 · Cited by 34
Corona-Núñez, R. O., & Campo, J. (2022) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.16516 · Cited by 35
Changes of forest coverage and land uses as assessed by the inventory of land uses in Italy
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Pendrill, F., & Persson, U. M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181202 · Cited by 36
Metadata
- Authors
- Ramankutty, N., Evan, A. T., Monfreda, C., & Foley, J. A.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Venue
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2008-01-17
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 0886-6236 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-9224
- OpenAlex
- W1838764073
- Cited by
- 1,942
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 123 · 2022: 119 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 149 · 2019: 141 · 2018: 142 · 2017: 119 · 2016: 145 · 2015: 86 · 2014: 104 · 2013: 87 · 2012: 88
- FWCI
- 55.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Wageningen University and Research
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Social Sciences › Development › Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
- Keywords
- cropland extent, land cover classification, MODIS land cover, GLC2000, land surface change, confidence intervals
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