Cited by 6,775Psychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionPhilosophy and Theoretical SciencePsychology and Mental Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Beyond pleasure and pain

Higgins, E. Tory·1997·American Psychologist

DOI 10.1037/0003-066x.52.12.1280

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

People approach pleasure and avoid pain. To discover the true nature of approach-avoidance motivation, psychologists need to move beyond this hedonic principle to the principles that underlie the different ways that it operates. One such principle is regulatory focus, which distinguishes self-regulation with a promotion focus (accomplishments and aspirations) from self-regulation with a prevention focus (safety and responsibilities). This principle is used to reconsider the fundamental nature of approach-avoidance, expectancy-value relations, and emotional and evaluative sensitivities. Both types of regulatory focus are applied to phenomena that have been treated in terms of either promotion (e.g., well-being) or prevention (e.g., cognitive dissonance). Then, regulatory focus is distinguished from regulatory anticipation and regulatory reference, 2 other principles underlying the different ways that people approach pleasure and avoid pain.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0003-066x.52.12.1280

Cites

0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The publisher hasn’t deposited this paper’s reference list.

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 1,035

Shopping destinations and trust – Tourist attitudes: Scale development and validation
Choi, M., Law, R., & Heo, C. Y. (2016) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2016.01.005 · Cited by 125
When the dissolution of perceived body boundaries elicits happiness: The effect of selflessness induced by a body scan meditation
Dambrun, M. (2016) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.09.013 · Cited by 136
Food Choice Motives When Purchasing in Organic and Conventional Consumer Clusters: Focus on Sustainable Concerns (The NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study)
Baudry, J., Péneau, S., Allès, B., Touvier, M., Herçberg, S., Galan, P., Amiot, M. J., Lairon, D., Méjean, C., & Kesse‐Guyot, E. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9020088 · Cited by 128
Sustainability in marketing: a systematic review unifying 20 years of theoretical and substantive contributions (1997–2016)
Lunde, M. B. (2018) · AMS Review · doi:10.1007/s13162-018-0124-0 · Cited by 149
Integrating the bright and dark sides of communication visibility for knowledge management and creativity: The moderating role of regulatory focus
Chen, X. S., Wei, S., & Rice, R. E. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106421 · Cited by 136
Activity Engagement as Escape from Self: The Role of Self-Suppression and Self-Expansion
Stenseng, F., Rise, J., & Kraft, P. (2012) · Leisure Sciences · doi:10.1080/01490400.2012.633849 · Cited by 158
Color in Context: Psychological Context Moderates the Influence of Red on Approach- and Avoidance-Motivated Behavior
Meier, B. P., D’Agostino, P. R., Elliot, A. J., Maier, M., & Wilkowski, B. M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040333 · Cited by 127
Intrinsic or extrinsic motivations for hospitality employees’ creativity: The moderating role of organization-level regulatory focus
Chang, J., & Teng, C.-C. C. (2016) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.10.003 · Cited by 127
Possible selves in chronic pain: self-pain enmeshment, adjustment and acceptance
Morley, S., Davies, C., & Barton, S. B. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2005.02.021 · Cited by 127
Business model innovation and organizational resilience: towards an integrated conceptual framework
Buliga, O., Scheiner, C. W., & Voigt, K. (2015) · Journal of Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11573-015-0796-y · Cited by 152
The Perfect Fit: The Moderating Role of Selling Cues on Hedonic and Utilitarian Product Types
Das, G., Mukherjee, A., & Smith, R. J. (2018) · Journal of Retailing · doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2017.12.002 · Cited by 137
Message framing and regulatory focus effects on destination image formation
Zhang, M., Zhang, G.-Y., Gursoy, D., & Fu, X.-R. (2018) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2018.06.025 · Cited by 130
Income inequality, perceived competitiveness, and approach‐avoidance motivation
Sommet, N., Elliot, A. J., Jamieson, J. P., & Butera, F. (2018) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12432 · Cited by 137
How green marketing, perceived motives and incentives influence behavioral intentions
Chang, K., Hsu, C., Hsu, Y.-T., & Chen, M. (2019) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.04.012 · Cited by 125
Self-evaluation bias and academic performance: Some ways and some reasons why
Gramzow, R. H., Elliot, A. J., Asher, E. R., & McGregor, H. A. (2003) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00535-4 · Cited by 125
Mimicry and automatic imitation are not correlated
Genschow, O., van Den Bossche, S., Cracco, E., Bardi, L., Rigoni, D., & Brass, M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183784 · Cited by 115
Hitting Rock Bottom After Job Loss: Bouncing Back to Create a New Positive Work Identity
Shepherd, D. A., & Williams, T. A. (2016) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2015.0102 · Cited by 134
Fifty shades of green: How microfoundations of sustainability dynamic capabilities vary across organizational contexts
Strauss, K., Lepoutre, J. M. W. N., & Wood, G. (2017) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2186 · Cited by 138
When the glass is half full and half empty: CEOs' ambivalent interpretations of strategic issues
Plambeck, N., & Weber, K. (2009) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.835 · Cited by 128
Transformational-Transactional Leadership Styles and Followers’ Regulatory Focus
Hamstra, M. R. W., Yperen, N. W. V., Wisse, B. M., & Sassenberg, K. (2011) · Journal of Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1027/1866-5888/a000043 · Cited by 122
Me, a woman and a leader: Positive social identity and identity conflict
Karelaia, N., & Guillén, L. (2014) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2014.08.002 · Cited by 149
When goals conflict but people prosper: The case of dispositional optimism
Segerstrom, S. C., & Nes, L. S. (2005) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.08.001 · Cited by 120
Emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder
Fresco, D. M., Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., & Ritter, M. (2013) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.02.001 · Cited by 120
Context matters: Combined influence of participation and intellectual stimulation on the promotion focus–employee creativity relationship
Zhou, Q., Hirst, G., & Shipton, H. J. (2011) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.779 · Cited by 122
On the relationships among work characteristics and learning‐related behavior: Does age matter?
de Lange, A. H., Taris, T. W., Jansen, P. G. W., Kompier, M. A. J., Houtman, I. L. D., & Bongers, P. M. (2009) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.649 · Cited by 131
An Examination of Age-Based Stereotype Threat About Cognitive Decline
Barber, S. J. (2017) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691616656345 · Cited by 137
Regulatory focus at work
Brenninkmeijer, V., Demerouti, E., Blanc, P. M. L., & van Emmerik, I. H. (2010) · Career Development International · doi:10.1108/13620431011094096 · Cited by 133
Wanting, having, and satisfaction: Examining the role of desire discrepancies in satisfaction with income.
Solberg, E. C., Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.3.725 · Cited by 127
Manicured, romantic, or wild? The relation between need for structure and preferences for garden styles
den Berg, A. E. V., & van Winsum-Westra, M. (2010) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2010.01.006 · Cited by 121
Communicating to Young Adults About HPV Vaccination: Consideration of Message Framing, Motivation, and Gender
Nan, X. (2011) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2011.567447 · Cited by 126
Is leadership a part of me? A leader identity approach to understanding the motivation to lead
Guillén, L., Mayo, M. C., & Korotov, K. (2015) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.05.001 · Cited by 122
Forsaking Optimism
Carroll, P. J., Sweeny, K. M., & Shepperd, J. A. (2006) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.10.1.56 · Cited by 124
Unexpected improvement, decline, and stasis: A prediction confidence perspective on achievement success and failure.
Plaks, J. E., & Stecher, K. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.4.667 · Cited by 119
Leader power and self-serving behavior: The Moderating Role of Accountability
Rus, D., van Knippenberg, D., & Wisse, B. M. (2011) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.11.002 · Cited by 120
Are entrepreneurs influenced by risk attitude, regulatory focus or both? An experiment on entrepreneurs' time allocation
Burmeister–Lamp, K., Lévesque, M., & Schade, C. D. (2012) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2011.12.001 · Cited by 120
Motivated information processing in organizational teams: Progress, puzzles, and prospects
Nijstad, B. A., & Dreu, C. K. W. D. (2012) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2012.11.004 · Cited by 129
The Strength of Many Kinds of Ties: Unpacking the Role of Social Contacts Across Stages of the Job Search Process
Barbulescu, R. (2015) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2015.0978 · Cited by 119
Cognitive Consistency Theory in Social Psychology: A Paradigm Reconsidered
Kruglanski, A. W., Jaśko, K., Milyavsky, M., Chernikova, M., Webber, D. J., Pierro, A., & Santo, D. D. (2018) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2018.1480619 · Cited by 139
Goal Priming and the Affective-Motivational Route to Nonconscious Goal Pursuit
Aarts, H., Custers, R., & Veltkamp, M. (2008) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2008.26.5.555 · Cited by 128
Beyond the pleistocene: Using phylogeny and constraint to inform the evolutionary psychology of human mating.
Eastwick, P. W. (2009) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0016845 · Cited by 116
Pushing and Coasting in Dynamic Goal Pursuit
Fulford, D., Johnson, S. L., Llabre, M. M., & Carver, C. S. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610373372 · Cited by 119
The Role of Regulatory Focus and Self-View in “Green” Advertising Message Framing
Kareklas, I., Carlson, J. R., & Muehling, D. D. (2012) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.2012.10672455 · Cited by 125
Interactions between emotion regulation strategies and affective style: Implications for trait anxiety versus depressed mood
Dennis, T. A. (2007) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-007-9069-6 · Cited by 127
Corporate Wikis: The Effects of Owners' Motivation and Behavior on Group Members' Engagement
Arazy, O., & Gellatly, I. R. (2012) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.2753/mis0742-1222290303 · Cited by 116
What Neuroscience Can Tell about Intuitive Processes in the Context of Perceptual Discovery
Volz, K. G., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2006) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.12.2077 · Cited by 118
Unraveling Priming: When Does the Same Prime Activate a Goal versus a Trait?
Sela, A., & Shiv, B. (2009) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/598612 · Cited by 114
Does paternalistic leadership promote innovative behavior? The interaction between authoritarianism and benevolence
Qing, T., & Sánchez, J. I. (2017) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12431 · Cited by 121
Rethinking Regulatory Engagement Theory
Pham, M. T., & Avnet, T. (2009) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2009.02.003 · Cited by 118
Neural regions associated with self control and mentalizing are recruited during prosocial behaviors towards the family
Telzer, E. H., Masten, C. L., Berkman, E. T., Lieberman, M. D., & Fuligni, A. J. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.013 · Cited by 117
The experimental analysis of the interruptive, interfering, and identity-distorting effects of chronic pain
Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Morley, S., & Crombez, G. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.08.016 · Cited by 117
Food choice motives including sustainability during purchasing are associated with a healthy dietary pattern in French adults
Allès, B., Péneau, S., Kesse‐Guyot, E., Baudry, J., Herçberg, S., & Méjean, C. (2017) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-017-0279-9 · Cited by 116
Emotions and decision making: Regulatory focus moderates the influence of anticipated emotions on action evaluations
Leone, L., Perugini, M., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2005) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930500203203 · Cited by 125
Why some groups just feel better: The regulatory fit of group power.
Sassenberg, K., Jonas, K. J., Shah, J. Y., & Brazy, P. C. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.2.249 · Cited by 116
Evolutionary Origins and Functions of the Stress Response
Nesse, R. M., Bhatnagar, S., & Young, E. A. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012373947-6.00150-1 · Cited by 117
Psychological and social factors associated with wastewater reuse emotional discomfort
Wester, J., Timpano, K. R., Çek, D., Lieberman, D., Fieldstone, S. C., & Broad, K. (2015) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.01.003 · Cited by 124
Frame-based guide to situated decision-making on climate change
de Boer, J., Wardekker, A., & van der Sluijs, J. P. (2010) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.03.003 · Cited by 116
Celebrity influences on consumer decision making: new insights and research directions
Moraes, M., Gountas, J., Gountas, S., & Sharma, P. (2019) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2019.1632373 · Cited by 92
How advertising claims affect brand preferences and category–brand associations: The role of regulatory fit
Florack, A., & Scarabis, M. (2006) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20127 · Cited by 116
Focusing on followers: The role of regulatory focus and possible selves in visionary leadership
Stam, D. A., van Knippenberg, D., & Wisse, B. M. (2010) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.03.009 · Cited by 117
The persuasiveness of online safety cues: The impact of prevention focus compatibility of Web content on consumers’ risk perceptions, attitudes, and intentions
van Noort, G., Kerkhof, P., & Fennis, B. M. (2008) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1002/dir.20121 · Cited by 115
Regulatory focus and food choice motives. Prevention orientation associated with mood, convenience, and familiarity
Pula, K., Parks, C. D., & Ross, C. F. (2014) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.02.015 · Cited by 116
Consumer Fear of Online Identity Theft: Scale Development and Validation
Hille, P., Walsh, G., & Cleveland, M. (2015) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2014.10.001 · Cited by 117
Do promotion and prevention focus influence impulse buying: The role of mood regulation, shopping values, and impulse buying tendency
Parsad, C., Prashar, S., Vijay, T. S., & Kumar, M. (2021) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102554 · Cited by 132
Do the Hustle! Empowerment from Side-Hustles and Its Effects on Full-Time Work Performance
Sessions, H., Nahrgang, J. D., Vaulont, M. J., Williams, R., & Bartels, A. L. (2021) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2018.0164 · Cited by 116
Leaders' responses to creative deviance: Differential effects on subsequent creative deviance and creative performance
Lin, B., Mainemelis, C., & Kark, R. (2015) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.09.001 · Cited by 119
Keeping it dull or making it fun: Task variation as a function of promotion versus prevention focus
Smith, J. L., Wagaman, J., & Handley, I. M. (2009) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-008-9118-9 · Cited by 119
Dual commitment to organization and supervisor: A person-centered approach
Meyer, J. P., Morin, A. J. S., & Vandenberghe, C. (2015) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2015.02.001 · Cited by 118
Awe Enhances Creative Thinking: An Experimental Study
Chirico, A., Glăveanu, V. P., Cipresso, P., Riva, G., & Gaggioli, A. (2018) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2018.1446491 · Cited by 132
Effect of Regulatory Focus on Selective Information Processing
Yoon, Y., Sarial‐Abi, G., & Gürhan‐Canlı, Z. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/661935 · Cited by 113
Self-schemas and the theory of planned behaviour
Sheeran, P., & Orbell, S. (2000) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/1099-0992(200007/08)30:4 · Cited by 131
Self-citation
Can self‐sacrificial leadership promote subordinate taking charge? The mediating role of organizational identification and the moderating role of risk aversion
Li, R., Zhang, Z., & Tian, X. (2015) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2068 · Cited by 119
Revisiting the form and function of conflict: Neurobiological, psychological, and cultural mechanisms for attack and defense within and between groups
Dreu, C. K. W. D., & Gross, J. (2018) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x18002170 · Cited by 121
Experiencing meaningfulness climate in teams: How spiritual leadership enhances team effectiveness when facing uncertain tasks
Yang, F., Huang, X., & Wu, L. (2018) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.21943 · Cited by 121
A framework for Facebook advertising effectiveness: A behavioral perspective
Wiese, M., Climent, C. M., & Botella-Carrubí, D. (2019) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.041 · Cited by 138
Regulatory focus and investment decisions in small groups
Florack, A., & Hartmann, J. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.05.005 · Cited by 116
Religious Zeal and the Uncertain Self
McGregor, I., Haji, R., Nash, K. A., & Teper, R. (2008) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973530802209251 · Cited by 115
Narcissists are approach-oriented toward their money and their friends
Foster, J. D., Misra, T. A., & Reidy, D. E. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.05.005 · Cited by 113
A self-regulatory approach to understanding boredom proneness
Struk, A. A., Scholer, A. A., & Danckert, J. A. (2015) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2015.1064363 · Cited by 112
Dynamics of selves and motivation: a cross‐sectional study in the EFL context of Iran
Papi, M., & Teimouri, Y. (2012) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1111/j.1473-4192.2012.00312.x · Cited by 113
Does Leader-Follower Regulatory Fit Matter? The Role of Regulatory Fit in Followers’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Shin, Y., Kim, M. S., Choi, J. N., Kim, M.-H., & Oh, W.-K. (2014) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206314546867 · Cited by 112
The impact of emotions on shopping behavior during epidemic. What a business can do to protect customers
Szymkowiak, A., Gaczek, P., Jeganathan, K., & Kulawik, P. (2020) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.1853 · Cited by 111
The Role of Anticipated Emotions in the Endowment Effect
Zhang, Y., & Fishbach, A. (2005) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1504_6 · Cited by 112
Own versus Other Standpoints in Self-Regulation: Developmental Antecedents and Functional Consequences
Moretti, M. M., & Higgins, E. T. (1999) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.3.3.188 · Cited by 115
Self-citation
Visioning in the brain: An fMRI study of inspirational coaching and mentoring
Jack, A. I., Boyatzis, R. E., Khawaja, M., Passarelli, A. M., & Leckie, R. L. (2013) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2013.808259 · Cited by 114
When I'm 64: Psychological contract breach, work motivation and the moderating roles of future time perspective and regulatory focus
de Lange, A. H., Bal, P. M., HEIJDEN, B. I. J. M. V. D., de Jong, N., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2011) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678373.2011.632610 · Cited by 118
Media engagement and advertising: Transportation, matching, transference and intrusion
Wang, J., & Calder, B. J. (2009) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2009.05.005 · Cited by 110
“On the Move” or “Staying Put”: Locomotion, Need for Closure, and Reactions to Organizational Change1
Kruglanski, A. W., Pierro, A., Higgins, E. T., & Capozza, D. (2007) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00214.x · Cited by 110
Self-citation
Are Managers Motivated to Explore in the Face of a New Technological Change? The Role of Regulatory Focus, Fit, and Complexity of Decision‐Making
Ahmadi, S., Khanagha, S., Berchicci, L., & Jansen, J. J. P. (2016) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.12257 · Cited by 110
Using neuroimaging to individualize TMS treatment for depression: Toward a new paradigm for imaging-guided intervention
Luber, B. M., Davis, S. W., Bernhardt, E. R., Neacsiu, A. D., Kwapil, L., Lisanby, S. H., & Strauman, T. J. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.083 · Cited by 117
Unable to Conform, Unwilling to Rebel? Youth, Culture, and Motivation in Globalizing Japan
Toivonen, T., Norasakkunkit, V., & Uchida, Y. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00207 · Cited by 120
Why Love Has Wings and Sex Has Not: How Reminders of Love and Sex Influence Creative and Analytic Thinking
Förster, J., Epstude, K., & Özelsel, A. (2009) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167209342755 · Cited by 106
Steel sharpens steel: A review of multilevel competition and competitiveness in organizations
Swab, R. G., & Johnson, P. D. (2018) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2340 · Cited by 114
Seeking self-evaulative feedback: The interactive role of global self-esteem and specific self-views.
Bernichon, T., Cook, K. E., & Brown, J. D. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.194 · Cited by 113
Motivations for promotion and prevention and the role of trust and commitment in interpersonal forgiveness
Molden, D. C., & Finkel, E. J. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.10.014 · Cited by 108
Effects of communication goals and expectancies on language abstraction.
Douglas, K. M., & Sutton, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.682 · Cited by 107
The Role of Affect Climate in Organizational Effectiveness
Parke, M. R., & Seo, M. (2016) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2014.0424 · Cited by 137
Being green: from attitude to actual consumption
Miniero, G., Codini, A. P., Bonera, M., Corvi, E., & Bertoli, G. (2014) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.12128 · Cited by 118
Hoping for the Best or Preparing for the Worst? Regulatory Focus and Preferences for Optimism and Pessimism in Predicting Personal Outcomes
Hazlett, A., Molden, D. C., & Sackett, A. M. (2011) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2011.29.1.74 · Cited by 106
A Cybernetic Model of Global Personality Traits
Egeren, L. F. V. (2009) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868309334860 · Cited by 117
Body image satisfaction and weight concerns among a Mediterranean adult population
Bibiloni, M. D. M., Coll, J. L., Solé, J. P., Pons, A., & Tur, J. A. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3919-7 · Cited by 115

Authors: Higgins, E. T.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
Corresponding author: Higgins, E. Tory
ORCID: Higgins, E. Tory
Venue: American Psychologist
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1997-12
Volume: 52
Issue: 12
Pages: 1280-1300
ISSN: 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
1935-990X
DOI: 10.1037/0003-066x.52.12.1280
OpenAlex: W4234715662
Cited by: 6,775
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 307 · 2025: 381 · 2024: 367 · 2023: 415 · 2022: 355 · 2021: 356 · 2020: 356 · 2019: 338 · 2018: 376 · 2017: 350 · 2016: 330 · 2015: 354 · 2014: 354 · 2013: 292 · 2012: 287
FWCI: 43.33
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH39429)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
Keywords: pleasure, pain, affect, emotions
MeSH terms: Emotions, Humans, Models, Psychological, Motivation, Philosophy, Pleasure-Pain Principle

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Beyond pleasure and pain

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks