Beyond the pleistocene: Using phylogeny and constraint to inform the evolutionary psychology of human mating.
Abstract
Evolutionary psychologists explore the adaptive function of traits and behaviors that characterize modern Homo sapiens. However, evolutionary psychologists have yet to incorporate the phylogenetic relationship between modern Homo sapiens and humans' hominid and pongid relatives (both living and extinct) into their theorizing. By considering the specific timing of evolutionary events and the role of evolutionary constraint, researchers using the phylogenetic approach can generate new predictions regarding mating phenomena and derive new explanations for existing evolutionary psychological findings. Especially useful is the concept of the adaptive workaround-an adaptation that manages the maladaptive elements of a pre-existing evolutionary constraint. The current review organizes 7 features of human mating into their phylogenetic context and presents evidence that 2 adaptive workarounds played a critical role as Homo sapiens's mating psychology evolved. These adaptive workarounds function in part to mute or refocus the effects of older, previously evolved adaptations and highlight the layered nature of humans' mating psychology.
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The human adult pair bond is perhaps 0.5-2 million years old.
“the human adult pair bond is a fairly recent arrival on the scene: it is perhaps 0.5–2 million years old (Eastwick 2009).”
From Natural Selection, Childrearing, and the Ethics of Marriage (and Divorce): Building a Case for the Neuroenhancement of Human Relationships (2012) · cites this paper as Eastwick 2009
Our evolutionary past may have produced a mixed strategy of short-term versus long-term bonding, and systems for both approaches are wired into our brains.
“Eastwick (2009) argues that our evolutionary past may have produced a mixed strategy of short-term versus long-term bonding, and systems for both approaches are wired into our brains.”
From Natural Selection, Childrearing, and the Ethics of Marriage (and Divorce): Building a Case for the Neuroenhancement of Human Relationships (2012) · cites this paper as Eastwick 2009
New adaptations are designed in part to manage the outcomes of prior selection pressures.
“Eastwick (2009) explains this set-up in terms of an adaptive workaround: new adaptations are designed in part to manage the outcomes of prior selection pressures.”
From Natural Selection, Childrearing, and the Ethics of Marriage (and Divorce): Building a Case for the Neuroenhancement of Human Relationships (2012) · cites this paper as Eastwick 2009
The brain systems supporting love and attachment evolved to promote cooperative childrearing behaviors over a limited stretch of time.
“the brain systems supporting love and attachment evolved to promote cooperative childrearing behaviors over a limited stretch of time.”
From Natural Selection, Childrearing, and the Ethics of Marriage (and Divorce): Building a Case for the Neuroenhancement of Human Relationships (2012) · cites this paper as Eastwick 2009
We have only limited control over which bonding system is activated: activation is influenced by unconscious factors such as shifting hormone levels.
“Yet, we have only limited control over which system is activated: activation is influenced by unconscious factors such as shifting hormone levels.”
From Natural Selection, Childrearing, and the Ethics of Marriage (and Divorce): Building a Case for the Neuroenhancement of Human Relationships (2012) · cites this paper as Eastwick 2009
Testosterone levels fall naturally in men upon marriage or the birth of a child and rise naturally at a relationship's end.
“In fact, testosterone levels fall naturally in men upon marriage or the birth of a child and rise naturally at a relationship's end (to encourage novel mate-seeking behaviors, see Eastwick 2009):”
From Natural Selection, Childrearing, and the Ethics of Marriage (and Divorce): Building a Case for the Neuroenhancement of Human Relationships (2012) · cites this paper as Eastwick 2009
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- Authors
- Eastwick, P. W.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Eastwick, Paul W.
- ORCID
- Eastwick, Paul W.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 794-821
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2081273945
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 236
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- human mating, evolutionary psychology, phylogenetic approach, evolutionary constraints, hominid evolution
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Biological, Adaptation, Psychological, Biological Evolution, Genetics, Behavioral, Humans, Phylogeny, Psychology, Sexual Behavior, Sexology
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