The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Infants at social risk: Relations among infant maltreatment, maternal behavior, and infant attachment behavior.
Abstract
Fifty-six 12-month-old infants, including 10 maltreated infants, 18 nonmaltreated high-risk infants, and 28 matched low-income controls, were videotaped in naturalistic settings at home with their mothers for 40 min and were observed 2 weeks later in the Ainsworth Strange Situation. Maltreating mothers were rated higher than nonmaltreating mothers on covertly hostile and interfering behaviors toward their infants at home. Maltreated infants were more avoidant of their mothers in the Strange Situation than nonmaltreated infants. Correlations between maternal behaviors at home and infant behaviors in the Strange Situation revealed that mothers whose infants displayed resistant behavior on reunion were rated at home as less verbally communicative and mothers whose infants displayed avoidant behavior on reunion were rated at home as more covertly hostile. Infants showing mixed avoidance and resistance were more likely to have extremely uncommunicative mothere than were infants who showed avoidance alone. Use of the behavioral rating scales for avoidance and resistance produced clearer findings than use of the final attachment classifications. Reasons for the discrepancies between analyses of classifications and analyses of behavior ratings were identified.
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“Young children who have experienced early adversity are at risk for developing disorganized attachments.”
From Enhancing Attachment Organization Among Maltreated Children: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial (2012) · cites this paper as Lyons-Ruth, Connell, Zoll, & Stahl, 1987
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“Main and Hesse (1990) speculate that otherwise "normal" parents with unresolved loss may show behavior that is frightening for their infants—against their intentions.”
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Self-citationEffects of early experience on children's recognition of facial displays of emotion.
Pollak, S. D., & Sinha, P. (2002) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.38.5.784 · Cited by 579
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Self-citationEarly experience and the development of stress reactivity and regulation in children
Loman, M. M., & Gunnar, M. R. (2009) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.05.007 · Cited by 533
“…and responsiveness reduces the probability of disorganized/disordered attachment in high risk infants (Bakermans-Kranenburg et al., 2003; Lyons-Ruth et al., 1987), and months later predicts the capacity of the parent's presence to buffer toddler cortisol responses to a pain stimulus…”
Depression in first-time mothers: Mother-infant interaction and depression chronicity.
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The role of attachment in the early development of disruptive behavior problems
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“This pattern has been shown to occur at high rates in samples in which there is parent psychopathology, child abuse, or very high social risk (Carlson, Cicchetti, Barnett, & Braunwald, 1989; Lyons-Ruth et al., 1987; O'Connor, Sigman, & Brill, 1987; Spieker & Booth, 1988).”
BackgroundAllen, J. P., Porter, M. R., McFarland, C., McElhaney, K. B., & Marsh, P. (2007) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01062.x · Cited by 495
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Self-citationEnhancing Attachment Organization Among Maltreated Children: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Bernard, K., Dozier, M., Bick, J., Lewis-Morrarty, E., Lindhiem, O., & Carlson, E. (2012) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01712.x · Cited by 430
“…by their parents show particularly high rates of disorganized attachment (Barnett, Ganiban, & Cicchetti, 1999; Carlson, Cicchetti, Barnett, & Braunwald, 1989; Cicchetti & Barnett, 1991; Cyr, Euser, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & van IJzendoorn, 2010; van IJzendoorn et al., 1999; Lyons-Ruth et al., 1987).”
Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. (1996) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400007008 · Cited by 395
van IJzendoorn, M. H., Goldberg, S., Kroonenberg, P. M., & Frenkel, O. J. (1992) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01665.x · Cited by 394
“A number of studies of clinical populations have reported associations between parental measures of responsiveness and support and security of attachment similar to those found in normative samples (Egeland & Sroufe, 1981; Goldberg, Perrotta, Minde, & Corter, 1986; Goldberg et al., 1989; Lederberg & Mobley, 1990; Lyon…”
ResultInterpersonal foundations of psychopathology.
Horowitz, L. M. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10727-000 · Cited by 392
Maternal and infant temperamental predictors of attachment: A meta-analytic review.
Goldsmith, H. H., & Alansky, J. A. (1987) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.55.6.805 · Cited by 379
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LYONS–RUTH, K., YELLIN, C., MELNICK, S., & ATWOOD, G. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050017 · Cited by 330
Self-citationOrigins of Attachment: Maternal Interactive Behavior across the First Year
Isabella, R. A. (1993) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02931.x · Cited by 324
“Subsequent empirical support for these findings has come from work revealing that maltreating mothers are more angry/hostile, controlling, and physically interfering than nonmaltreating mothers (Crittenden, 1981; Crittenden & Bonvillian, 1984; Lyons-Ruth et al., 1987).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialInfant Development and Developmental Risk: A Review of the Past 10 Years
Zeanah, C. H., Boris, N. W., & Larrieu, J. A. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199702000-00007 · Cited by 320
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Beeghly, M., & Cicchetti, D. (1994) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457940000585x · Cited by 314
“Though variable across families, these interactive styles have been described as overly controlling, hostile/punitive, neglecting, and/or inconsistent (Belsky & Vondra, 1989;Bousha&Twentyman, 1984; Grusec & Walters, 1991; Lyons-Ruth et al., 1987; Silber, Bermann, Henderson, & Lehmann, 1993; Wasserman, Green, & Allen,…”
The Child Attachment Interview: A psychometric study of reliability and discriminant validity.
Shmueli‐Goetz, Y., Target, M., Fonagy, P., & Datta, A. (2008) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.4.939 · Cited by 334
Lyons-Ruth, K., Connell, D. B., Grunebaum, H. U., & Botein, S. (1990) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131049 · Cited by 281
Self-citationChild maltreatment and insecure attachment: a meta‐analysis
Baer, J. C., & Martinez, C. D. (2006) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646830600821231 · Cited by 366
“( 1987 ) also used a behavioural rating scale to validate the categorization of maltreatment status.”
BackgroundMethodDutra, L., Bureau, J.-F., Holmes, B., Lyubchik, A., & Lyons-Ruth, K. (2009) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181a653b7 · Cited by 265
“Quality of mother-infant interaction at home at 12 months of age was coded using the Home Observation of Maternal Interaction Rating Scales (HOMIRS; Lyons-Ruth et al., 1987).”
MethodSelf-citationStovall-McClough, K. C., & Dozier, M. (2004) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579404044505 · Cited by 234
Lyons‐Ruth, K., Zoll, D., Connell, D. B., & Grunebaum, H. U. (1986) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cd.23219863407 · Cited by 231
Self-citationAn Ecological-Transactional Model of Child Maltreatment
Cicchetti, D., Toth, S. L., & Maughan, A. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4163-9_37 · Cited by 241
Theory and observation of attachment and its relation to child maltreatment: a review
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Lyons-Ruth, K., Repacholi, B., McLeod, S., & Silva, E. (1991) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400007586 · Cited by 215
Self-citationAttachment security in children with autism
Capps, L. M., Sigman, M., & Mundy, P. C. (1994) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400004569 · Cited by 204
Styron, T., & Janoff‐Bulman, R. (1997) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00062-8 · Cited by 201
A Conceptual Definition of Child Neglect
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Sensitive attunement to infants’ internal states: Operationalizing the construct of mind-mindedness
Meins, E. (2013) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2013.830388 · Cited by 186
“Meins et al. (2012) hypothesized that different combinations of high versus low scores for appropriate and non-attuned mind-related comments could help distinguish among caregivers in the four attachment groups. We expected to replicate Meins et al.’s (2001) finding that secure-group mothers scored highly for appropri…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCourse and correlates of postpartum depression during the transition to parenthood
Campbell, S. B. G., Cohn, J. F., Flanagan, C., Popper, S. D., & Meyers, T. (1992) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457940000554x · Cited by 184
Shaw, D. S., & Vondra, J. I. (1995) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf01447561 · Cited by 197
“Research has identified maternal depressive symptomatology as an influential factor in predicting attachment quality as well as later child adjustment ( Lyons-Ruth, Connell, Zoll, & Stahl, 1987; Shaw & Emery, 1988).”
BackgroundCummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10311-011 · Cited by 186
Shaw, D. S., Vondra, J. I., Hommerding, K. D., Keenan, K., & Dunn, M. (1994) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01812.x · Cited by 168
van IJzendoorn, M. H., Goldberg, S., Kroonenberg, P. M., & Frenkel, O. J. (1992) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131237 · Cited by 170
Attachment Styles and Aggression in Physically Abused and Neglected Children
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Personal relatedness and attachment in infants of mothers with borderline personality disorder
Hobson, R. P., Patrick, M. P. H., Crandell, L. E., García-Pérez, R. M., & Lee, A. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050169 · Cited by 181
Psychological Characteristics of Maltreated Children: Putative Risk Factors and Consequences
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Stronach, E. P., Toth, S. L., Rogosch, F. A., Oshri, A., Manly, J. T., & Cicchetti, D. (2011) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559511398294 · Cited by 191
“Consistent with prior research (Cicchetti & Barnett, 1991; Cicchetti et al., 1995, 2006; Lyons-Ruth et al., 1987), the present study demonstrated that maltreated preschoolers were significantly more likely to have insecure and disorganized attachment organization than were nonmaltreated, high-risk…”
ResultCohn, J. F., Campbell, S. B. G., & Ross, S. (1991) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400007574 · Cited by 160
Frontal Lobe Activity and Affective Behavior of Infants of Mothers with Depressive Symptoms
Dawson, G., Klinger, L. G., Panagiotides, H., Hill, D., & Spieker, S. J. (1992) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01657.x · Cited by 158
When Words Just Won’t Do: Introducing Parental Embodied Mentalizing
Shai, D., & Belsky, J. (2011) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00181.x · Cited by 170
Attachment with affectively ill and well mothers: Concurrent behavioral correlates
DeMulder, E. K., & Radke‐Yarrow, M. (1991) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400005277 · Cited by 149
Maternal Interactions and Self-Reports Related to Attachment Classifications at 4.5 Years
Stevenson‐Hinde, J., & Shouldice, A. (1995) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00891.x · Cited by 150
Attachment, Stress, and Psychopathology: A Developmental Pathways Model
Kobak, R., Cassidy, J. A., Lyons‐Ruth, K., & Ziv, Y. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939383.ch10 · Cited by 145
Self-citationEasterbrooks, M. A., Bureau, J.-F., & Lyons-Ruth, K. (2012) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000666 · Cited by 143
“Additional description of the Home Observation of Maternal Interaction Rating Scales and factor loadings are available in previous publications (Dutra, Bureau, Holmes, Lyubchik, & Lyons-Ruth, 2009; Lyons-Ruth et al., 1987).”
MethodSelf-citationDisorganized attachment in infancy predicts greater amygdala volume in adulthood
Lyons-Ruth, K., Pechtel, P., Yoon, S. A., Anderson, C. M., & Teicher, M. H. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.050 · Cited by 142
Self-citationLyons‐Ruth, K., Yellin, C., Melnick, S. M., & Atwood, G. (2003) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730310001633410 · Cited by 153
“The three original attachment classifications (secure, avoidant, ambivalent) were assigned by both a computerized multivariate classification procedure developed on the original Ainsworth data (Connell, 1976; see Lyons-Ruth, Connell, Zoll & Stahl, 1987, for additional details; see also reference in Richters, Waters, &…”
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Atkinson, L. R., Niccols, A., Paglia, A., Coolbear, J., Parker, K. C. H., Poulton, L., Guger, S., & Sitarenios, G. (2000) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407500176005 · Cited by 129
Maternal anxiety, mother–infant interactions, and infants’ response to challenge
Kaitz, M., Maytal, H. R., Devor, N., Bergman, L., & Mankuta, D. (2010) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2009.12.003 · Cited by 128
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The role of frontal lobe functioning in the development of infant self-regulatory behavior
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Early adverse experiences and the neurobiology of facial emotion processing.
Moulson, M. C., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Nelson, C. A. (2009) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014035 · Cited by 117
ATTACHMENT THEORY AND RESEARCH: OVERVIEW WITH SUGGESTED APPLICATIONS TO CHILD CUSTODY
Main, M., Hesse, E., & Hesse, S. (2011) · Family Court Review · doi:10.1111/j.1744-1617.2011.01383.x · Cited by 120
“In conjunction with their study of the Berkeley Social Development Project sample, Main and Cassidy (1988) devised a sixth year reunion procedure, in which 5 to 7 year olds were filmed in a laboratory room both throughout an extended period of play with a well-trained child examiner, and as their parents returned to s…”
MethodPreventive interventions and sustained attachment security in maltreated children
Stronach, E. P., Toth, S. L., Rogosch, F., & Cicchetti, D. (2013) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579413000278 · Cited by 109
Young Children's Adjustment to Chronic Family Adversity: A Longitudinal Study of Low-Income Families
Shaw, D. S., Winslow, E. B., Owens, E. B., & HOOD, N. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199805000-00017 · Cited by 109
Relational Outcomes of Childhood Sexual Trauma in Female Survivors
Liang, B., Williams, L. M., & Siegel, J. A. (2006) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260505281603 · Cited by 107
Stovall-McClough, K. C., & Dozier, M. (1998) · Adoption Quarterly · doi:10.1300/j145v02n01_05 · Cited by 108
Quality of parental caregiving and security of attachment.
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“…is also a great deal of inconsistency even in that literature (e.g., Belsky et al., 1984; Bohlin, Hagekull, Germer, Andersson, & Lindberg, 1989; Lyons-Ruth et al., 1987). between mothers' and fathers' CRPR clusters: Enjoyment of Parental Role, r(60) = .48, p < .01; Suppression of Sex, r(60) = .”
BackgroundResultBernard, K., Simons, R. F., & Dozier, M. (2015) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12418 · Cited by 102
Mcgauley, G., Yakeley, J., Williams, A., & Bateman, A. (2011) · European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling · doi:10.1080/13642537.2011.629118 · Cited by 102
“There is considerable research evidence linking attachment and its disruption to both abnormal developmental trajectories and the development of personality psychopathology (DeKlyen & Greenberg, 2008 ; Kobak, Cassidy, Lyons-Ruth, & Ziv, 2006 ; Lyons-Ruth, Alpern, & Repacholi, 1993 ; Lyons-Ruth, Connell, Zoll, & Stahl,…”
Psychosocial risk, attachment, and behavior problems among school-aged children
Easterbrooks, M. A., Davidson, C. E., & Chazan, R. Z. (1993) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457940000448x · Cited by 99
Curtis, W. J., & Cicchetti, D. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000125 · Cited by 102
Disturbances of Attachment and Parental Psychopathology in Early Childhood
Schechter, D. S., & Willheim, E. (2009) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2009.03.001 · Cited by 97
“As attachment research progressed, investigators observed that a subset of infants exhibited reunion behaviors that did not fit into any of the extant categories.(8,9) Main and Solomon(10,11) added the classification ‘‘Disorganized-Disoriented’’ (subtype D)”
ResultPerceived and actual competence among maltreated and comparison school children
Vondra, J. I., Barnett, D., & Cicchetti, D. (1989) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400000432 · Cited by 92
Skowron, E. A., Kozlowski, J. M., & Pincus, A. L. (2010) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020030 · Cited by 102
Maternal care and attachment security in ordinary and emergency contexts.
Posada, G., Jacobs, A., Carbonell, O. A., Alzate, G., Bustamante, M. R., & Arenas, A. (1999) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.35.6.1379 · Cited by 88
Maternal sensitivity to infants in various settings predicts harsh discipline in toddlerhood
Joosen, K. J., Mesman, J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2012) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2012.661217 · Cited by 85
“One aspect of maternal sensitivity that has been specifically linked to harsh discipline use is the degree of maternal intrusiveness during interaction (Lyons-Ruth et al., 1987).”
BackgroundRecent Developments in Attachment Theory and Research
Goldberg, S. (1991) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674379103600603 · Cited by 82
False Belief and Emotion Understanding in Post‐institutionalized Children
Tarullo, A. R., Bruce, J., & Gunnar, M. R. (2007) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00372.x · Cited by 84
Cicchetti, D., Rogosch, F. A., & Toth, S. L. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000113 · Cited by 80
Shi, Z., Bureau, J., Easterbrooks, M. A., Zhao, X., & Lyons‐Ruth, K. (2012) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20295 · Cited by 76
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Self-citationA prevention and promotion intervention program in the field of mother–infant relationship
Ammaniti, M., Speranza, A. M., Tambelli, R., Muscetta, S., Lucarelli, L., Vismara, L., Odorisio, F., & Cimino, S. (2006) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20081 · Cited by 79
Family and child influences on early academic and emotion regulatory behaviors
Supplee, L. H., Shaw, D. S., Hailstones, K., & Hartman, K. (2004) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2004.02.001 · Cited by 77
Dozier, M., Meade, E., & Bernard, K. (2013) · Child maltreatment · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7404-9_4 · Cited by 70
Recognition of Emotional Facial Expressions by Abusive Mothers and Their Children
During, S. M., & McMahon, R. J. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2002_4 · Cited by 74
Serotonin transporter polymorphism and borderline or antisocial traits among low-income young adults
Lyons-Ruth, K., Holmes, B. M., Sasvari-Szekely, M., Ronai, Z., Nemoda, Z., & Pauls, D. (2007) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/ypg.0b013e3281ac237e · Cited by 67
“Problems in early care were further validated by an 1-hour observation at home by study clinicians and laboratory assessments (Lyons-Ruth et al., 1987, 1990; Lyons-Ruth and Melnick, 2004).”
MethodSelf-citationAttachment in preterm infants and their mothers: Neonatal risk status and maternal representations
Cox, S. M., Hopkins, J., & Hans, S. L. (2000) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/1097-0355(200011/12)21:6 · Cited by 66
Yağmur, Ş., Mesman, J., Malda, M., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & Ekmekçi, H. (2014) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2014.912489 · Cited by 65
Chronic Family Adversity and Infant Attachment Security
Shaw, D. S., & Vondra, J. I. (1993) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01783.x · Cited by 65
Maternal perception of infant intentionality at 4 and 8 months
Feldman, R., & Reznick, J. S. (1996) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/s0163-6383(96)90008-9 · Cited by 64
Social and Emotional Consequences of Child Maltreatment
Youngblade, L. M., & Belsky, J. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2088-4_5 · Cited by 61
Metadata
- Authors
- Lyons-Ruth, K., Connell, D. B., Zoll, D., & Stahl, J.
- Venue
- Developmental Psychology
- Published
- 1987-03
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 223-232
- ISSN
- 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0599
- OpenAlex
- W1971772185
- Cited by
- 248
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 7.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Keywords
- infant maltreatment, maternal behavior, infant attachment, attachment avoidance, resistant attachment, Ainsworth Strange Situation, home observation, low-income infants, mother-infant interaction
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