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Sources of covariation among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct Disorder:The importance of shared environment
Abstract
Research has documented high levels of covariation among childhood externalizing disorders, but the etiology of this covariation is unclear. To unravel the sources of covariation among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD), the authors studied 11-year-old twins (N = 1,506) from the Minnesota Twin Family Study. Symptom counts for each of these disorders were obtained from interviews administered to the twins and their mothers. A model was fit that allowed the parsing of genetic, shared environmental (factors that make family members similar to each other), and nonshared environmental (factors that make family members different from each other) contributions to covariation. The results revealed that although each disorder was influenced by genetic and environmental factors, a single shared environmental factor made the largest contribution to the covariation among ADHD, ODD, and CD.
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“An estimated covariance of 1.0 between each pair of disorders indicates that the same-shared environmental factor in fl uences the development of each disorder”
From ADHD, CD, and ODD: Systematic review of genetic and environmental risk factors (2018) · cites this paper as Burt et al., 2001
In the citing paper
“these three disorders have mostly a genetic covariation, even if they can also be in fl uenced by the environment”
From ADHD, CD, and ODD: Systematic review of genetic and environmental risk factors (2018) · cites this paper as Burt et al., 2001
In the citing paper
“the covariance between ADHD, CD, and ODD seems to come from a single common environmental factor”
From ADHD, CD, and ODD: Systematic review of genetic and environmental risk factors (2018) · cites this paper as Burt, Krueger, McGue, & Iacono, 2001
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Metadata
- Authors
- Burt, S. A., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2001-11
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 516-525
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W2066945802
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 3.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1k02aa000175-01)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA-00175, AA-09367)
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH017069, 2T32 MH17069-18)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-05147)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, externalizing disorders, shared environment, nonshared environment, genetic factors, twin studies, Minnesota Twin Family Study, child psychopathology
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Environment, Female, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Twins, Conduct Disorder, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
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