Cited by 984Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychological Treatments and Assessments

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Therapy for youths with anxiety disorders: A second randomized clincal trial.

Kendall, Philip C., Flannery-Schroeder, Ellen, Panichelli-Mindel, Susan M., Southam-Gerow, Michael, Henin, Aude, Warman, Melissa·1997·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-006x.65.3.366

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Abstract

Ninety-four children (aged 9-13 years) with anxiety disorders were randomly assigned to cognitive behavioral treatment or waiting-list control. Outcomes were evaluated using diagnostic status, child self-reports, parent and teacher reports, cognitive assessment and behavioral observation: maintenance was examined using 1-year follow-up data. Analyses of dependent measures indicated significant improvements over time, with the majority indicating greater gains for those receiving treatment. Treatment gains returned cases to within nondeviant limits (i.e., normative comparisons) and were maintained at 1-year follow-up. Client age and comorbid status did not moderate outcomes. A preliminary examination of treatment segments suggested that the enactive exposure (when it follows cognitive-educational training) was an active force in beneficial change. Discussion includes suggestions for future research.

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Assessment of childhood anxiety
Langley, A. K., Bergman, R. L., & Piacentini, J. C. (2002) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260220132626 · Cited by 49
“It has been used in a number of controlled CBT trials for childhood anxiety with acceptable reliability and sensitivity to treatment effects (Kendall et al., 1997).”
Background
Impact of a cognitive-behavioural treatment program on music performance anxiety in secondary school music students: a pilot study
Osborne, M. S., Kenny, D. T., & Cooksey, J. (2007) · Musicae Scientiae · doi:10.1177/10298649070110s204 · Cited by 48
“…Dadds, & Rapee, 1996; Barrett, Duffy, Dadds, & Rapee, 2001; Kendall, 1994; Kendall, Flannery-Schroeder, Panichelli-Mindel, SouthamGerow, Henin, & Warman, 1997) and social phobia (Gallagher, Rabian, & McCloskey, 2004) have been demonstrated using individually administered CBT. Group based CBT…”
Virtual reality exposure therapy for school phobia
Gutiérrez‐Maldonado, J., Magallón-Neri, E. M., Rus‐Calafell, M., & Peñaloza, C. (2009) · RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) · Cited by 48
Social Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Khalid-Khan, S., Santibanez, M.-P., McMicken, C., & Rynn, M. A. (2007) · Pediatric Drugs · doi:10.2165/00148581-200709040-00004 · Cited by 48
CHILDHOOD BEHAVIORAL AND EMOTIONAL DISORDERS
Northey, W. F., Wells, K. C., Silverman, W. K., & Bailey, C. E. (2003) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2003.tb01693.x · Cited by 48
Structure of anxiety symptoms in urban children: Competing factor models of Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale.
White, K. S., & Farrell, A. D. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.2.333 · Cited by 52
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Children and Adolescents
Henin, A., Micco, J. A., Schoeller, M., Boudreaux, A., & Hirshfeld‐Becker, D. R. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2605-3_19 · Cited by 48
Self-citation
Characteristics and anxiety symptom presentation associated with autism spectrum traits in youth with anxiety disorders
Settipani, C. A., Puleo, C. M., Conner, B. T., & Kendall, P. C. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.010 · Cited by 51
“, 2005), and these constructs are often explored in studies of youth with anxiety disorders (e.g., Beidel et al., 2007; Hirshfeld-Becker et al., 2010; Kendall et al., 1997; Kendall, Hudson, Gosch, Flannery-Schroeder, & Suveg, 2008; Walkup et al., 2008) as common, co-occurring characteristics of anxious youth with impl…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Mental health prevention in UK classrooms: the FRIENDS anxiety prevention programme
Stallard, P. N. (2010) · Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties · doi:10.1080/13632750903512381 · Cited by 46
“Randomised controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of CBT for the treatment of children with anxiety disorders have consistently found positive results (Kendall 1994; Barrett et al. 1996; Kendall et al. 1997; Barrett et al. 2001; Nauta et al. 2003).”
Background
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments for Anxiety and Phobic Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Review
King, N. J., Heyne, D. A., & Ollendick, T. H. (2005) · Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/019874290503000304 · Cited by 47
“Kendall and colleagues reaffi rmed the effi cacy of this procedure with 94 children (age 9–13) randomly assigned to CBT and wait-list control conditions (Kendall et al., 1997).”
Trajectory and Predictors of Alliance in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Youth Anxiety
Chu, B. C., Skriner, L. C., & Zandberg, L. J. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2013.785358 · Cited by 55
“The Coping Cat protocol has been shown to produce reliable change at posttreatment and long-term follow up (Kendall et al., 1997; Kendall et al., 2008) and is considered ‘‘probably efficacious’’ (Silverman et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Stepped Care Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Children with Anxiety Disorders: A New Treatment Approach
van der Leeden, A. J. M., van Widenfelt, B. M., van der Leeden, R., Liber, J. M., Utens, E. M. W. J., & Treffers, P. D. A. (2011) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465810000500 · Cited by 45
The Effects of Depression and Stressful Life Events on the Development and Maintenance of Syndromal Social Anxiety: Sex and Age Differences
Aune, T. K., & Stiles, T. C. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410902976304 · Cited by 52
“C has been shown to possess a high interrater agreements of .92 (Silverman, Saaverda, & Pina, 2001) and .86 (Rapee, Kennedy, Ingram, Edwards, & Sweeney, 2005), and to be sensitive to treatment effects in studies with young people suffering from anxiety disorders (Kendall et al., 1997).”
Background
The Practice of Evidence-Based Treatments in Ethnic Minority Youth
Kataoka, S., Novins, D. K., & Santiago, C. D. (2010) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2010.07.008 · Cited by 47
A transportable assessment protocol for prescribing youth psychosocial treatments in real-world settings: Reducing assessment burden via self-report scales.
Ebesutani, C. K., Bernstein, A., Chorpita, B. F., & Weisz, J. R. (2011) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0025176 · Cited by 48
“Indeed, some evidence-based treatments are in fact specific to certain diagnostic subtypes (e.g., Coping Cat for separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social phobia child, Kendall et al., 1997).”
BackgroundInfluential
Computers and psychosocial treatment for child anxiety: recent advances and ongoing efforts
Kendall, P. C., Khanna, M. S., Edson, A. L., Cummings, C. M., & Harris, M. S. H. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20757 · Cited by 47
“[3,6,80,81] Unlike the computer-based programs, CCAL is a ‘‘computer-assisted’’ treatment program, employing minimal but necessary involvement of a mental health profes-sional—the coach.”
MethodSelf-citation
Neural Reactivity to Angry Faces Predicts Treatment Response in Pediatric Anxiety
Bunford, N., Kujawa, A., Fitzgerald, K. D., Swain, J. E., Hanna, G. L., Koschmann, E., Simpson, D., Connolly, S. D., Monk, C. S., & Phan, K. L. (2016) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0168-2 · Cited by 48
“Two empirically supported treatments for pediatric ADs are cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT; Kendall 1994; Kendall et al. 1997) and pharmacotherapy (e.”
Background
Parenting and Child Anxiety Disorders
McLeod, B. D., Wood, J. J., & Avny, S. B. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7784-7_15 · Cited by 46
“Moreover, studies have found that the benefits of CCBT programs are maintained at 1-year (e.g., Flannery-Schroeder, Choudary, & Kendall, 2005; Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 1997), 3.35-year (Kendall & Southam-Gerow, 1996) and 7-year (Kendall, Safford, Flannery-Schroeder, & Webb, 2004) follow-ups.”
Influential
Panic Disorder in Clinically Referred Children and Adolescents
Doerfler, L. A., Connor, D. F., Volungis, A. M., & Toscano, P. F. (2006) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-006-0042-5 · Cited by 45
Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Wagner, K. D. (2001) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70210-0 · Cited by 45
The therapeutic relationship in cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy for anxious youth.
Cummings, C. M., Caporino, N. E., Settipani, C. A., Read, K. L., Compton, S. N., March, J., Sherrill, J., Piacentini, J., McCracken, J., Walkup, J. T., et al. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033294 · Cited by 54
“Studies that did not identify significant associations (Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 1997) may have been restricted by a ceiling effect in child-rated relationship scores, perhaps because the relationship measure was administered at the end of treatment.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Sensitivity for Treatment Effects of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders
Muris, P., Merckelbach, H. L. G. J., Gadet, B., Moulaert, V. R. M., & Tierney, S. C. (1999) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1023/a:1022120832187 · Cited by 45
Mothers and Fathers in Family Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxious Youth
Podell, J. L., & Kendall, P. C. (2010) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-010-9420-5 · Cited by 44
“%) was randomly selected for integrity ratings (as in Kendall et al. 1997).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citation
The other side of the coin: Using intervention research in child anxiety disorders to inform developmental psychopathology
Hudson, J. L., Kendall, P. C., Coles, M. E., Robin, J. A., & Webb, A. (2002) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457940200408x · Cited by 44
“…inhas not been a consistent factor in anxiety treatment outcome, with few studies reporting a problem-solving task on which the child was working independently; the effects weregender effects in outcome for child anxiety (e.g., Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 1997; the opposite for the boys.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Memory deficits in children with and at risk for anxiety disorders
Vasa, R. A., Roberson‐Nay, R., KLEIN, R. G., Mannuzza, S., Moulton, J. L., Guardino, M., Merikangas, A. K., Carlino, A. R., & Pine, D. S. (2006) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20193 · Cited by 44
“Although these three disorders have been shown to coaggregate and respond to similar treatments [Albano et al., 1996; Birmaher et al., 1994; Kendall, 2000; Kendall et al., 1997; RUPP Anxiety Study Group, 2001], distinct mechanisms may underlie individual disorders [Pine et al.”
Training the Next Generation of School Psychologists to Deliver Evidence-Based Mental Health Practices: Current Challenges and Future Directions
Shernoff, E. S., Bearman, S. K., & Kratochwill, T. R. (2017) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.17105/spr-2015-0118.v46-2 · Cited by 44
“For example, students gain exposure and experience with Coping Cat for anxiety (Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 1997), ACTION for treating depressed youth (Stark et al.”
Background
Developing needs led child and adolescent mental health services: issues and prospects
Kerfoot, M., Verduyn, C., & Harrington, R. (1999) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s007870050077 · Cited by 44
Treatment of School Refusal
Heyne, D. A., & King, N. J. (2004) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470753385.ch11 · Cited by 46
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adolescent Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Greenberg, J. L., Markowitz, S. M., Petronko, M. R., Taylor, C. E., Wilhelm, S., & Wilson, G. T. (2010) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2010.02.002 · Cited by 43
Impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Observed Autism Symptom Severity During School Recess: A Preliminary Randomized, Controlled Trial
Wood, J. J., Fujii, C., Renno, P., & Dyke, M. V. V. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2097-7 · Cited by 47
“Although this led to an unequal length of time in the two conditions, there is research precedent for this type of design in seminal RCTs (e.g., Kendall 1994; Kendall et al. 1997) and it was deemed ethically preferable to offer families in the TAU condition the opportunity to receive CBT after 16 weeks (a waitlist per…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Assessment and Treatment of Anxiety Among Children and Adolescents
Freidl, E. K., Stroeh, O. M., Elkins, R. M., Steinberg, E. J., Albano, A. M., & Rynn, M. A. (2017) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20160047 · Cited by 56
Comorbid Externalising Disorders and Child Anxiety Treatment Outcomes
Flannery-Schroeder, E. C., Suveg, C. M., Safford, S. M., Kendall, P. C., & Webb, A. (2004) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1375/bech.21.1.14.35972 · Cited by 44
“Several randomised clinical trials reported data supporting the general efficacy of individual (e.g., Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 1997), group (e.g., Flannery-Schroeder & Kendall, 2000; Silverman, et al., 1999) and family-focused (Barrett et al., 1996) approaches.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Attention Bias for Angry Faces in Children with Social Phobia
Waters, A. M., Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., & Pine, D. S. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.018111 · Cited by 44
“Moreover, in youth, social phobia is relatively common with between 1% and 9% of community youth and up to 32% of clinically referred children meeting criteria for social phobia (Kendall et al., 1997; Last, Perrin, Hersen, & Kazdin, 1992; Wittchen, Stein, & Kessler, 1999).”
Background
Pre-treatment child and family characteristics as predictors of outcome in cognitive behavioural therapy for youth anxiety disorders
Lundkvist‐Houndoumadi, I., Hougaard, E., & Thastum, M. (2014) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2014.903295 · Cited by 44
Child involvement, alliance, and therapist flexibility: Process variables in cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in childhood
Hudson, J. L., Kendall, P. C., Chu, B. C., Gosch, E. A., Martin, E. D., Taylor, A., & Knight, A. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.09.011 · Cited by 56
Self-citation
Evaluating the real-world effectiveness of a cognitive behavior therapy-based transdiagnostic program for emotional problems in children in a regular school setting
Essau, C. A., Sasagawa, S., Jones, G. L., Fernandes, B., & Ollendick, T. H. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.036 · Cited by 46

Authors: Kendall, P. C., Flannery-Schroeder, E., Panichelli-Mindel, S. M., Southam-Gerow, M., Henin, A., & Warman, M.
Affiliations: Temple University (US)
ORCID: Kendall, Philip C.
Flannery-Schroeder, Ellen
Venue: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1997
Volume: 65
Issue: 3
Pages: 366-380
ISSN: 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
1939-2117
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.65.3.366
OpenAlex: W2162075090
Semantic Scholar: ecea82a52c98d8dba1a94c0ed59b7f4059d20059
Cited by: 984
References: 76
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 46
FWCI: 37.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Digital Commons - PCOM (Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01mh044042-05)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH 44042)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Keywords: anxiety disorders, children, adolescents, cognitive behavioral therapy, treatment outcomes, maintenance therapy, comorbidities, age effects, waitlist control
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

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Therapy for youths with anxiety disorders: A second randomized clincal trial.

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