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Therapy for youths with anxiety disorders: A second randomized clincal trial.
Abstract
Ninety-four children (aged 9-13 years) with anxiety disorders were randomly assigned to cognitive behavioral treatment or waiting-list control. Outcomes were evaluated using diagnostic status, child self-reports, parent and teacher reports, cognitive assessment and behavioral observation: maintenance was examined using 1-year follow-up data. Analyses of dependent measures indicated significant improvements over time, with the majority indicating greater gains for those receiving treatment. Treatment gains returned cases to within nondeviant limits (i.e., normative comparisons) and were maintained at 1-year follow-up. Client age and comorbid status did not moderate outcomes. A preliminary examination of treatment segments suggested that the enactive exposure (when it follows cognitive-educational training) was an active force in beneficial change. Discussion includes suggestions for future research.
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“We will randomly select 1 study case from each clinician (assigned after their initial 2 training cases); a trained fidelity rater will listen to all 12 sessions of this case and rate fidelity using a standardized fidelity checklist developed for Coping Cat [180, 181].”
From A Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) study of medication and CBT sequencing in the treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [181]
In the citing paper
“Coping Cat is an established evidence-based CBT treatment for pediatric anxiety [180–182] that has been studied rigorously for more than 25 years.”
From A Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) study of medication and CBT sequencing in the treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [181]
In the citing paper
“Coping Cat training has demonstrated effectiveness with clinicians ranging from graduate students [180, 181] to experienced psychotherapists [49], with strong treatment effects in each case.”
From A Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) study of medication and CBT sequencing in the treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [181]
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Imipramine Plus Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of School Refusal
BERNSTEIN, G. A., BORCHARDT, C. M., PERWIEN, A. R., CROSBY, R. D., KUSHNER, M. G., THURAS, P. D., & LAST, C. G. (2000) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200003000-00008 · Cited by 216
Should Parents Be Co-Clients in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxious Youth?
Barmish, A. J., & Kendall, P. C. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3403_12 · Cited by 225
“The results from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) reported to date support the utility of child-focused cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) for treating anxious children and adolescents (e.g. Barrett, Dadds, & Rapee, 1996; Kendall et al., 1997).”
MethodResultSelf-citationSocial anxiety disorder in childhood and adolescence: Current status and future directions
Kashdan, T. B., & Herbert, J. D. (2001) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1023/a:1009576610507 · Cited by 205
“cat” child behavior therapy (CBT; Barrett et al., 1996; Flannery-Schroeder & Kendall, 2000; Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 1997; Silverman, Kurtines, Ginsburg, Weems, Lumpkin et al., 1999; Silverman, Kurtines, Ginsburg, Weems, Rabian et al. 1999).”
Types of parental involvement in CBT with anxious youth: a preliminary meta-analysis
Manassis, K., Lee, T. C., Bennett, K., Zhao, X. Y., Mendlowitz, S., Duda, S., Saini, M., Wilansky, P., Baer, S., Barrett, P., et al. (2014) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0036969 · Cited by 199
Self-citationDevelopmental factors in the treatment on adolescents.
Weisz, J. R., & Hawley, K. M. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.70.1.21 · Cited by 202
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
James, A. C., Soler, A., & Weatherall, R. R. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004690.pub2 · Cited by 215
Kolko, D. J., Brent, D. A., BAUGHER, M., Bridge, J. A., & Birmaher, B. B. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.4.603 · Cited by 195
“, 1996) but not in others (Kendall et al., 1997; Lewinsohn et al., 1990).”
Southam-Gerow, M. A., Weisz, J. R., Chu, B. C., McLeod, B. D., Gordis, E. B., & Connor-Smith, J. K. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.06.009 · Cited by 211
“In contrast, it is important to note that CBT outcomes in the present sample— despite cases of less-than-complete treatment— were comparable to those of prior efficacy trials using CC.(5,11,13) The nonsignificant CBT-UC differences we found reflected, not poor CBT outcomes, but instead the positive outcomes of youngst…”
MethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationTrajectories of change in youth anxiety during cognitive—behavior therapy.
Peris, T. S., Compton, S. N., Kendall, P. C., Birmaher, B., Sherrill, J., March, J., Gosch, E., Ginsburg, G., Rynn, M., McCracken, J. T., et al. (2015) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0038402 · Cited by 191
“However, with rare exception (e.g., Kendall et al., 1997), few studies have examined which of these components produces significant changes in the rate of progress moving forward from its implementation.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe FRIENDS Emotional Health Programme: Initial Findings from a School‐Based Project
Stallard, P. N., Simpson, N., Anderson, S. A., Hibbert, S., & Osborn, C. (2006) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2006.00421.x · Cited by 190
“Effective interventions, using cognitive behaviour therapy, are available for the treatment of childhood anxiety and depressive disorders (Clarke et al.,1999; Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 1997; Lewinsohn et al., 1990).”
MethodDifferential Occurrence of Comorbidity Within Childhood Anxiety Disorders
Verduin, T. L., & Kendall, P. C. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3202_15 · Cited by 189
“The majority of cases were recruited for treatment outcome studies (Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 1997) and were screened for entry into a child anxiety treatment clinic.”
BackgroundSelf-citationWhiteside, S. P. H., Sim, L. A., Morrow, A. S., Farah, W. H., Hilliker, D. R., Murad, M. H., & Wang, Z. (2020) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-019-00303-2 · Cited by 190
Albano, A. M., & Kendall, P. C. (2002) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260220132644 · Cited by 204
“Gains were maintained at 1-year follow-up, with the majority of youth evidencing greater improvement over time (Kendall et al., 1997).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBubier, J. L., & Drabick, D. A. G. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.08.005 · Cited by 216
Gersons, B. P. R., Carlier, I. V. E., Lamberts, R. D., & van der Kolk, B. A. (2000) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1007793803627 · Cited by 193
“Nevertheless, the next step is obviously to compare the present treatment with alternative treatment approaches, for instance, cognitive treatment (Kendall et al., 1997).”
A neurofeedback video game (MindLight) to prevent anxiety in children: A randomized controlled trial
Schoneveld, E. A., Malmberg, M., Lichtwarck-Aschoff, A., Verheijen, G. P., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Granic, I. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.005 · Cited by 174
School-Based Treatment for Anxious African-American Adolescents: A Controlled Pilot Study
Ginsburg, G. S., & Drake, K. L. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200207000-00007 · Cited by 191
The SmartCAT: An m-Health Platform for Ecological Momentary Intervention in Child Anxiety Treatment
Pramana, G., Parmanto, B., Kendall, P. C., & Silk, J. S. (2014) · Telemedicine and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2013.0214 · Cited by 162
Self-citationSchool-Based Interventions for Anxious Children
Bernstein, G. A., Layne, A. E., Egan, E. A., & Tennison, D. M. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000177323.40005.a1 · Cited by 178
“Since then, additional randomized clinical trials have shown the superiority of individual CBT over waitlist for children with anxiety disorders (e.g., Barrett et al. 1996; Kendall et al. 1997).”
BackgroundEvidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Child and Adolescent Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Barrett, P. M., Farrell, L. J., Piña, A., Peris, T. S., & Piacentini, J. C. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410701817956 · Cited by 184
“, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder) together within the same trial (e.g., Barrett, Dadds, & Rapee, 1996; Kendall et al., 1997; The Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Anxiety Study Group, 2001).”
BackgroundRecurrent pain, emotional distress, and health service use in childhood
Campo, J. V., COMER, D. M., Jansen-McWilliams, L., Gardner, W. P., & Kelleher, K. J. (2002) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1067/mpd.2002.125491 · Cited by 174
Adolescent and Parent Alliance and Treatment Outcome in Multidimensional Family Therapy.
Shelef, K., Diamond, G. M., Diamond, G. S., & Liddle, H. A. (2005) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.4.689 · Cited by 173
“It has been suggested that this phenomenon may be attributable to children’s and adolescents’ particularly high ratings of the alliance, which may result in a ceiling effect and, consequently, a decrease in the predictive validity of such scores (Kendall et al., 1997).”
BackgroundA Universal Prevention Trial of Anxiety Symptomology during Childhood: Results at 1-Year Follow-up
Lowry-Webster, H. M., Barrett, P. M., & Lock, S. (2003) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1375/bech.20.1.25.24843 · Cited by 176
“…preventive benefits (e.g., Barrett, Dadds, & Rapee, 1996; Barrett, 1998; Cobham, Dadds & Spence, 1998; Dadds et al., 1997; FlannerySchroeder & Kendall, 2000; Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 1997; King et al., 1998; Last et al., 1998; Shortt et al., 2001; Silverman et al., 1999) with this age group.”
O'Neil, K. A., Conner, B. T., & Kendall, P. C. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.08.002 · Cited by 166
Southam-Gerow, M. A., & Kendall, P. C. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2903_3 · Cited by 162
“….025): emotion cues = .18 with Vocabulary and –.13 with Block Design; multiple emotions = .19 with Vocabulary and –.04 with Block Design; hiding emotions 3All youths in the RA group were participants in treatment intervention studies (Flannery-Schroeder & Kendall, in press; Kendall et al., 1997).”
BackgroundSelf-citationChu, B. C., & Kendall, P. C. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.5.821 · Cited by 175
“Individual cognitive–behavioral treatment (CBT) for children with anxiety has received empirical support (e.g., Barrett, Dadds, & Rapee, 1996; Cobham, Dadds, & Spence, 1998; Kendall et al., 1997; Manassis et al., 2002), but its within-session processes have received little empirical attention (Kendall & Chu, 2000).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationvan Rooij, M. M. J. W., Lobel, A., Harris, O., Smit, N., & Granic, I. (2016) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/2851581.2892452 · Cited by 160
PromisingInterventions, O’Connell, M. E., Boat, T. F., & Warner, K. E. (2009) · Cited by 159
Pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
Ipser, J., Stein, D. J., Hawkridge, S. M., & Hoppe, L. J. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005170.pub2 · Cited by 171
Langley, A. K., Falk, A., Peris, T., Wiley, J. F., Kendall, P. C., Ginsburg, G., Birmaher, B., March, J., Albano, A. M., & Piacentini, J. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2013.817311 · Cited by 160
“…proliferation of psychometrically sound, multi-informant, anxiety-specific symptom measures and empirically supported psychosocial (James, Soler, & Weatherall, 2005; Kendall et al., 1997; Walkup et al., 2008) and psychopharmalogical (Dielemen & Ferdinand, 2008; Walkup et al., 2008) interventions.”
BackgroundSelf-citationMcLeod, B. D., & Weisz, J. R. (2005) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.2.323 · Cited by 214
“However, a rather mixed picture of the alliance–outcome association for youths with internalizing disorders emerges when our findings (r .21) are compared with past published reports (weighted r .00; Kendall, 1994; weighted r .12; Kendall et al., 1997; see Shirk & Karver, 2003).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialEmpirically tested psychotherapies for youth internalizing and externalizing problems and disorders
Weisz, J. R., Hawley, K. M., & Doss, A. J. (2004) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2004.05.006 · Cited by 166
“Workbook [128] [132] 11 62 85% Caucasian 5% African American 2% Latino 2% Asian No All Cognitive-Behavioral”
BackgroundPerceived parental rearing behaviour and anxiety disorders symptoms in normal children
Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. L. G. J. (1998) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00153-6 · Cited by 155
Anxiety in medically ill children/adolescents
Pao, M., & Bosk, A. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20727 · Cited by 151
“CBT is a highly efficacious treatment for mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders.([43,44]) The goal of CBT is to help the child recognize the cognitively distorted thoughts, to reality test these thoughts, and teach the patient skills to challenge irrational thoughts and replace them with 43 Review:…”
BackgroundThe role of self-statements as a mediator in treatment for youth with anxiety disorders.
Kendall, P. C., & Treadwell, K. R. H. (2007) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.75.3.380 · Cited by 154
“The relationship between self-statement change and changes in child functioning following CBT was examined with hierarchical multiple regression analyses for the AD youth participating in the larger randomized controlled trial (main results reported in Kendall et al., 1997).”
Self-citationCognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis
Ishikawa, S., Okajima, I., Matsuoka, H., & Sakano, Y. (2007) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2006.00433.x · Cited by 176
Keehn, R. M., Lincoln, A. J., Brown, M. Z., & Chavira, D. A. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1541-9 · Cited by 177
“This finding is comparable to estimates of primary anxiety disorder remission for TD children completing the Coping Cat program (53–70 %; Barrett et al. 1996; Kendall 1994; Kendall et al. 1997) and to findings from studies of children with ASD completing alternative CBT interventions (64–71 %; Chalfant et al.”
BackgroundResultTerrorism: The psychological impact on youth.
Comer, J. S., & Kendall, P. C. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2007.00078.x · Cited by 158
Self-citationRationale and Principles for Early Intervention with Young Children at Risk for Anxiety Disorders
Hirshfeld‐Becker, D. R., & Biederman, J. (2002) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1023/a:1019687531040 · Cited by 149
Efficacy of modular cognitive behavior therapy for childhood anxiety disorders
Chorpita, B. F., Taylor, A. A., Francis, S. E., Moffitt, C., & Austin, A. A. (2004) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(04)80039-x · Cited by 148
“Numerous between-group design investigations examining cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders have demonstrated superior treatment effects for CBT compared with no-treatment or wait-list control conditions (Barrett, Dadds, & Rapee, 1996; Cobham, Dadds, & Spence, 1998; Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 199…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialParental and Peer Predictors of Social Anxiety in Youth
Festa, C. C., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2011) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-011-0215-8 · Cited by 179
“92 for the child interviews) [36] and is sensitive to treatment effects in studies of youth with anxiety disorders [37, 38].”
Velting, O. N., Setzer, N. J., & Albano, A. M. (2004) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.35.1.42 · Cited by 149
Sze, K. M., & Wood, J. J. (2007) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-007-9048-y · Cited by 153
“The extant literature strongly supports the use of CBT as the treatment of choice for child anxiety disorders because it has consistently yielded positive results across several randomized clinical trials (e.g., Kendall et al., 1997).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMURIS, P., MEESTERS, C., MERCKELBACH, H., SERMON, A., & ZWAKHALEN, S. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199807000-00009 · Cited by 214
Southam‐Gerow, M. A., Weisz, J. R., & Kendall, P. C. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3203_06 · Cited by 143
“…in this project qualified for and were offered free treatment through a National Institute of Mental Health funded clinical trial.2 Clinical outcomes for 77% (n = 178) of the youth in this study were reported in previous articles (e.g., Howard & Kendall, 1996; Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 1997).”
MethodSelf-citationAttrition in the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders.
Kendall, P. C., & Sugarman, A. (1997) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.65.5.883 · Cited by 140
Self-citationAn Agenda for Coping Research and Theory: Basic and Applied Developmental Issues
Compas, B. E. (1998) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1080/016502598384351 · Cited by 139
Evidence-Based Treatments in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: An Inventory
McClellan, J., & WERRY, J. S. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200312000-00005 · Cited by 137
The psychometric properties of the MASC in a pediatric psychiatric sample
Rynn, M. A., Barber, J. P., Khalid-Khan, S., Siqueland, L., Dembiski, M., McCarthy, K. S., & Gallop, R. (2006) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.01.004 · Cited by 138
Nilsen, T. S., Eisemann, M., & Kvernmo, S. (2013) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-012-0316-3 · Cited by 134
“All studies reported non-significant results when comparing treatment outcome of anxiety disordered youth with or without different comorbid externalizing symptoms or disorders [35, 49, 61–63] Depression studies In the three depression studies (23 %) examining a comorbid externalizing disorder all results were non-sig…”
ResultSiqueland, L., Rynn, M., & Diamond, G. S. (2005) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.04.006 · Cited by 134
“…anxiety in 50–80% of treated children with generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety or social phobia (Barrett, Dadds, Rapee, & Ryan 1996a; Cobham, Dadds, & Spence, 1998; Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 1997; Last, Hansen, & Franco, 1998; Silverman et al., 1999a; Silverman et al., 1999b).”
BackgroundComponents of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Related to Outcome in Childhood Anxiety Disorders
Ale, C. M., McCarthy, D. M., Rothschild, L. M., & Whiteside, S. P. H. (2015) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-015-0184-8 · Cited by 142
“Fam versus WL G Mixed CADs 50 7–14 Barrett et al. (2001) CBT versus WL G Community Subclinical 143 7–19 Barrington et al. (2005) CBT versus Treatment as usual I Clinic CADs 27?”
BackgroundInfluentialPsychoeducational treatment for school-aged children with bipolar disorder
Fristad, M. A. (2006) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579406060627 · Cited by 134
Ricketts, E., Goetz, A. R., Capriotti, M., Bauer, C. C., Brei, N. G., Himle, M., Espil, F., Snorrason, I., Ran, D., & Woods, D. W. (2015) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x15593192 · Cited by 97
“This 10-item, five-point scale measures child perceptions of the therapeutic relationship.(37) Total scores range from 10–50, with higher scores reflecting stronger therapeutic alliances.”
BackgroundSigurvinsdóttir, A. L., Jensínudóttir, K. B., Baldvinsdóttir, K. D., Smárason, O., & Skarphedinsson, G. (2020) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2019.1686653 · Cited by 130
Warwick, H., Reardon, T., Cooper, P., Murayama, K., Reynolds, S., Wilson, C., & Creswell, C. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.12.002 · Cited by 130
Christophersen, E. R., & Mortweet, S. L. (2001) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10405-000 · Cited by 132
Kennedy, S. M., Bilek, E. L., & Ehrenreich-May, J. (2019) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445517753940 · Cited by 129
Wolk, C. B., Harrison, J. P., Settipani, C. A., Brodman, D. M., & Kendall, P. C. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033048 · Cited by 142
“Participants from Kendall et al. (2008)—Additional participants were randomized to the same CBT (individual CBT; Kendall et al., 2008) as provided in Kendall et al. (1997).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationDavis, T. E., May, A. C., & Whiting, S. E. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.01.001 · Cited by 143
Selective mutism and social anxiety disorder: All in the family?
CHAVIRA, D. A., SHIPON-BLUM, E., HITCHCOCK, C., COHAN, S., & STEIN, M. B. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318149366a · Cited by 127
“Parents who suffer from social anxiety and their children may benefit from this knowledge, particularly in the presence of validated treatments for child SP (Beidel et al., 2005; Kendall et al., 1997; Wagner et al., 2004) and new treatments for SM that are emerging.”
BackgroundChanges in Emotion Regulation Following Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxious Youth
Suveg, C. M., Sood, E., Comer, J. S., & Kendall, P. C. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410902851721 · Cited by 148
“Robust support has now been garnered by independent researchers using various CBT formats (e.g., Barrett, 1998; Flannery-Schroeder & Kendall, 2000; Kendall et al., 1997; Kendall, Hudson, Gosch, Flannery-Schroeder, & Suveg, 2008; Pina, Silverman, Fuentes, Kurtines, & Weems, 2003; Shortt, Barrett &…”
BackgroundSelf-citationIntegrated Behavior Therapy for Selective Mutism: A randomized controlled pilot study
Bergman, R. L., González, A., Piacentini, J. C., & Keller, M. L. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.07.003 · Cited by 128
“The interview has good reliability (Grills & Ollendick, 2003; Silverman & Nelles, 1988; Silverman, Saavadra, & Pena, 2001), and has shown sensitivity to treatment effects in studies of youth with anxiety disorders (e.g., Kendall et al., 1997; Walkup et al., 2008).”
BackgroundChu, B. C., & Harrison, T. (2007) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-007-0028-2 · Cited by 135
“…treatment studies, CBT has compared favorably to wait-list and notreatment controls across a range of formats, including individual child (e.g., Kendall 1994; Kendall et al. 1997), family-focused (e.g., Barrett et al. 1996; Wood et al. 2006), and group (Flannery-Schroeder and Kendall 2000).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialUsing Dissertations to Examine Potential Bias in Child and Adolescent Clinical Trials.
McLeod, B. D., & Weisz, J. R. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.2.235 · Cited by 125
Herbert, J. D., Gaudiano, B. A., Rheingold, A. A., Moitra, E., Myers, V. H., Dalrymple, K. L., & Brandsma, L. L. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.06.004 · Cited by 125
Kendall, P. C., Comer, J. S., Marker, C. D., Creed, T. A., Puliafico, A. C., Hughes, A. A., Martin, E. D., Suveg, C. M., & Hudson, J. L. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013686 · Cited by 137
Self-citationMarker, C. D., Comer, J. S., Abramova, V., & Kendall, P. C. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2012.723261 · Cited by 123
“Initial reports suggested no relationship between therapeutic alliance and anxiety in the context of individual child therapy (Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 1997), although these studies used child-reported therapeutic alliance, measured at posttreatment rather than prospectively, which offered only a truncated range…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationEmotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious youth: A multiple-baseline evaluation
Suveg, C. M., Kendall, P. C., Comer, J. S., & Robin, J. A. (2006) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-006-9010-4 · Cited by 143
“Kendall and colleagues were among the first to evaluate the efficacy of CBT in children (Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 1997; Kendall, Safford, Flannery-Schroeder, & Webb, 2004; Kendall & Southam-Gerow, 1996).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSocial behavior and cortisol reactivity in children with fragile X syndrome
Hessl, D. R., Glaser, B., Dyer-Friedman, J., & Reiss, A. L. (2005) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01556.x · Cited by 123
Aschenbrand, S. G., Kendall, P. C., Webb, A., Safford, S. M., & Flannery-Schroeder, E. C. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200312000-00015 · Cited by 123
Self-citationMychailyszyn, M. P., Brodman, D. M., Read, K. L., & Kendall, P. C. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2012.01279.x · Cited by 141
“These results were replicated (Kendall et al., 1997), with treatment gains maintained up to 7 years later (Kendall et al., 2004).”
ResultSelf-citationStorch, E., Khanna, M., Merlo, L., Loew, B., Franklin, M., Reid, J., Goodman, W., & Murphy, T. (2009) · Child Psychiatry and Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-009-0138-9 · Cited by 97
“The ADIS-IV-P possesses good psychometric properties [29] and demonstrates sensitivity to treatment effects among youth with anxiety disorders [30].”
BackgroundKennard, B. D., Clarke, G. N., Weersing, V. R., Asarnow, J. R., Shamseddeen, W. A., Porta, G., Berk, M. S., Hughes, J. L., Spirito, A., Emslie, G. J., et al. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017411 · Cited by 121
“In CBT treatment of pediatric anxiety, Kendall et al. (1997) examined the necessity of an exposure intervention in a study of anxiety disorders in children (ages 9 to 13 years).”
Parent–youth informant disagreement: Implications for youth anxiety treatment
Becker‐Haimes, E. M., Jensen‐Doss, A., Birmaher, B. B., Kendall, P. C., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2017) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104516689586 · Cited by 122
“In contrast, symptom change for youth receiving CBT may be variable (Chu, Skriner, & Zandberg, 2013) and less observable until the exposure sessions are initiated (typically considered the most potent CBT ingredient for anxiety; Kendall et al., 1997), which was typically around Week 7 of CAMS (Compton et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citationBurns, B. J., & Hoagwood, K. (2002) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195134575.001.0001 · Cited by 282
Waters, A. M., Ford, L. A., Wharton, T. A., & Cobham, V. E. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.04.008 · Cited by 119
Prevalence and change in psychiatric disorders among perinatally HIV-infected and HIV-exposed youth
Mellins, C. A., Elkington, K. S., Leu, C., Santamaria, E. K., Dolezal, C. L., WIZNIA, A. A., Bamji, M., McKay, M. M., & Abrams, E. J. (2012) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2012.668174 · Cited by 119
“The prevalence of SUD was low at both time points, but comparable to data from a national probability sample, in which rates of SUD ranged from 1% in 9-year olds to 9% among 17-year olds (Kendall et al., 1997).”
Burchard, J. D., Bruns, E. J., & Burchard, S. N. (2002) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195134575.003.0004 · Cited by 117
Long-term effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for youth with anxiety disorders
Kodal, A., Fjermestad, K., Bjelland, I., Gjestad, R., Öst, L.-G., Bjaastad, J. F., Haugland, B. S. M., Havik, O. E., Heiervang, E., & Wergeland, G. J. (2018) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.11.003 · Cited by 118
Shechner, T., Rimon-Chakir, A., Britton, J. C., Lotan, D., Apter, A., Bliese, P. D., Pine, D. S., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.09.016 · Cited by 118
“For example, CBT effects in the current study were rather weak (w70% of the children still met anxiety criteria after treatment), relative to those reported in prior studies using similar CBT procedures (w40% of children).(14,20,29) This effect is surprising, given that the CBT delivered in the current study followed…”
Chu, B. C., Colognori, D. B., Weissman, A. S., & Bannon, K. L. (2009) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2009.04.003 · Cited by 119
A meta-analysis of the influence of comorbidity on treatment outcome in the anxiety disorders
Olatunji, B. O., Cisler, J. M., & Tolin, D. F. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.04.008 · Cited by 113
Weersing, V. R., Gonzalez, A., Campo, J. V., & Lucas, A. N. (2008) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2007.10.001 · Cited by 117
Muris, P., Meesters, C. M. G., & van Melick, M. (2002) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0005-7916(02)00025-3 · Cited by 120
“Highly similar results were obtained in a second randomized trial (Kendall et al., 1997) in which CBT was compared with a waiting-list control condition in a larger group of anxiety disordered children ðN ¼ 94Þ: P. Muris et al. / J. Behav.”
ResultComer, J. S., Kendall, P. C., Franklin, M. E., Hudson, J. L., & Pimentel, S. S. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.04.004 · Cited by 115
Self-citationCBT for adolescents with anxiety: mature yet still developing
Kendall, P. C., & Peterman, J. S. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14081061 · Cited by 115
Self-citationCognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
James, A. C., James, G., Cowdrey, F. A., Soler, A., & Choke, A. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004690.pub4 · Cited by 876
Mediators of change in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Treatment Study.
Kendall, P. C., Cummings, C. M., Villabø, M. A., Narayanan, M. K., Treadwell, K., Birmaher, B., Compton, S., Piacentini, J., Sherrill, J., Walkup, J., et al. (2016) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0039773 · Cited by 118
“, 2005), and some evidence suggests that treatment gains do not occur until the exposure part of treatment (Kendall et al., 1997).”
Self-citationPiña, A., Silverman, W. K., Fuentes, R., Kurtines, W. M., & Weems, C. F. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200310000-00008 · Cited by 121
Weersing, V. R., Rozenman, M. S., Maher-Bridge, M., & Campo, J. V. (2011) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.06.002 · Cited by 122
“Exposure is as efficacious as more comprehensive CBT in the treatment of youth phobias (Ollendick & King, 1998) and the majority of anxiety symptom remission occurs in the second half of treatment (e.g., during exposure modules; Kendall et al., 1997).”
MethodSchool-Based Intervention: Examining a Universal Approach to Anxiety Management
Barrett, P. M., & Pahl, K. M. (2006) · Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1375/ajgc.16.1.55 · Cited by 127
“…anxiety disorders has been well-established in the literature, with a number of published replication studies (i.e., Howard & Kendall, 1996; Kendall et al., 1997), long-term follow-up studies (i.e., Kendall & Southam-Gerow, 1996; Kendall, Stafford, Flannery-Schroeder, & Webb, 2004), and…”
BackgroundBarrett, P. M., Sonderegger, R., & Xenos, S. (2003) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104503008002008 · Cited by 125
“…have been better equipped to develop prevention, emotional resiliency training (early intervention), and treatment programs to address the specific needs of children and youth at risk (Barrett, Dadds, & Rapee, 1996; Kendall et al., 1997; Shortt, Barrett, & Fox, 2001; Silverman et al., 1999).”
BackgroundLiber, J. M., McLeod, B. D., van Widenfelt, B. M., Goedhart, A. W., van der Leeden, A. J. M., Utens, E. M. W. J., & Treffers, P. D. A. (2009) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2009.02.003 · Cited by 113
“These findings run counter to two previous studies that found no significant relation between child alliance and outcome in CBT for youths with anxiety (see Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 1997).”
InfluentialNervous Habits and Stereotyped Behaviors in Preschool Children
Anthony, L. G. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199807000-00010 · Cited by 112
Miller, L. D., Laye-Gindhu, A., Liu, Y., March, J. S., Thordarson, D. S., & Garland, E. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.02.006 · Cited by 111
Chiu, A. W., McLeod, B. D., Har, K. H., & Wood, J. J. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01996.x · Cited by 111
“Only two studies have examined the association between some facet of the child alliance and outcome in psychotherapy for child anxiety disorders (see Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al. 1997), and neither found a significant association.”
BackgroundResultPramana, G., Parmanto, B., Lomas, D., Lindhiem, O. J., Kendall, P. C., & Silk, J. S. (2018) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/games.8902 · Cited by 117
“The results of multiple independent randomized clinical trials provide evidence that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficacious treatment for childhood anxiety [1-7].”
BackgroundSelf-citationFrom Helplessness to Optimism: The Role of Resilience in Treating and Preventing Depression in Youth
Reivich, K. J., Gillham, J. E., Chaplin, T. M., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3661-4_12 · Cited by 118
Anderson, R. E. E., Spence, S. H., Donovan, C. L., March, S., Prosser, S., & Kenardy, J. (2012) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1848 · Cited by 102
“Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has been shown to be highly efficacious in treating youth anxiety within a clinic-based setting [1,2] and, although only a handful of studies have examined the efficacy of an Internet-based treatment approach to youth anxiety, the results are encouraging and demonstrate similar remissi…”
Result
Metadata
- Authors
- Kendall, P. C., Flannery-Schroeder, E., Panichelli-Mindel, S. M., Southam-Gerow, M., Henin, A., & Warman, M.
- Affiliations
- Temple University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 1997
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 366-380
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W2162075090
- Semantic Scholar
- ecea82a52c98d8dba1a94c0ed59b7f4059d20059
- Cited by
- 984
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 37.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - PCOM (Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh044042-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 44042)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- anxiety disorders, children, adolescents, cognitive behavioral therapy, treatment outcomes, maintenance therapy, comorbidities, age effects, waitlist control
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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