Cited by 984Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychological Treatments and Assessments

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Therapy for youths with anxiety disorders: A second randomized clincal trial.

Kendall, Philip C., Flannery-Schroeder, Ellen, Panichelli-Mindel, Susan M., Southam-Gerow, Michael, Henin, Aude, Warman, Melissa·1997·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-006x.65.3.366

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Abstract

Ninety-four children (aged 9-13 years) with anxiety disorders were randomly assigned to cognitive behavioral treatment or waiting-list control. Outcomes were evaluated using diagnostic status, child self-reports, parent and teacher reports, cognitive assessment and behavioral observation: maintenance was examined using 1-year follow-up data. Analyses of dependent measures indicated significant improvements over time, with the majority indicating greater gains for those receiving treatment. Treatment gains returned cases to within nondeviant limits (i.e., normative comparisons) and were maintained at 1-year follow-up. Client age and comorbid status did not moderate outcomes. A preliminary examination of treatment segments suggested that the enactive exposure (when it follows cognitive-educational training) was an active force in beneficial change. Discussion includes suggestions for future research.

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BackgroundMethodResult
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Petts, R. A., & Gaynor, S. T. (2021) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2021.02.010 · Cited by 14
Meta-analysis: Counseling Outcomes for Youth with Anxiety Disorders
Erford, B. T., Kress, V. E. W., Giguere, M., Cieri, D., & Erford, B. M. (2015) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.37.1.mgj66326868u33g2 · Cited by 14
Differential Sequencing of Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques for Reducing Child and Adolescent Anxiety
Nakamura, B. J., Pestle, S. L., & Chorpita, B. F. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.23.2.114 · Cited by 17
“…gains, most between-group research investigations (e.g., Barrett, 1998; Barrett, Dadds, & Rapee, 1996; Cobham, Dadds, & Spence, 1998; Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 1997; Silverman et al., 1999) are largely restricted to identifying relations between various treatment and control conditions and…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Report of the Working Group on Psychotropic Medications for Children and Adolescents: Psychopharmacological, Psychosocial, and Combined Interventions for Childhood Disorders: Evidence Base, Contextual Factors, and Future Directions
APA Working Group on Psychoactive Medications for Children and Adolescents (2006) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e539722009-001 · Cited by 14
Therapeutic Factors and Members’ Perception of Co-Leaders’ Attitudes in a Psychoeducational Group for Greek Children With Social Anxiety
Brouzos, A., Vassilopoulos, S. P., & Baourda, V. C. (2015) · The Journal for Specialists in Group Work · doi:10.1080/01933922.2015.1017065 · Cited by 13
“Research has shown that social anxiety impedes the emotional, social, and academic functioning of children and has long-term negative effects in adulthood (Beidel et al., 2000; Kendall et al., 1997).”
Background
A Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) study of medication and CBT sequencing in the treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders
Peterson, B. S., West, A. E., Weisz, J. R., Mack, W. J., Kipke, M. D., Findling, R. L., Mittman, B. S., Bansal, R., Piantadosi, S., Takata, G., et al. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03314-y · Cited by 13
“cians ranging from graduate students [180, 181] to experienced psychotherapists [49], with strong treatment effects in each case.”
Background
Potential mechanisms of change in cognitive behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety: A meta‐analysis
Luo, A., & McAloon, J. (2020) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23116 · Cited by 17
Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural therapy-based anxiety prevention programme at an elementary school in Japan: a quasi-experimental study
Urao, Y., Yoshida, M., Koshiba, T., Sato, Y., Ishikawa, S., & Shimizu, E. (2018) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-018-0240-5 · Cited by 15
“Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a psychological treatment method which has been verified to be effective against anxiety disorders in children in many studies in both individual [16, 17] and group formats [18, 19].”
Method
Adultmodels of anxiety and their application to children and adolescents
Cartwright‐Hatton, S., Reynolds, S. A., & Wilson, C. E. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511994920.008 · Cited by 14
Cochrane Review: Pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
Ipser, J., Stein, D. J., Hawkridge, S. M., & Hoppe, L. J. (2010) · Evidence-Based Child Health A Cochrane Review Journal · doi:10.1002/ebch.541 · Cited by 13
Social phobia in youth: The diagnostic utility of feared social situations.
Puliafico, A. C., Comer, J. S., & Kendall, P. C. (2007) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.19.1.152 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Children’s Perceptions of Barriers to Session Attendance in School-Based Treatment for Anxiety
Pella, J. E., Ginsburg, G. S., Casline, E. P., Pikulski, P. J., & Drake, K. L. (2018) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-018-9253-8 · Cited by 14
Adapting the Brief Coping Cat for Children with Anxiety to a Group Setting in the Spanish Public Mental Health System: a Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Pilot Study
Santesteban‐Echarri, O., Hernández-Arroyo, L., Rice, S., Lobera, M. J. G., Serrano-Villar, M., Espín-Jaime, J. C., & Jiménez‐Arriero, M. Á. (2018) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1154-9 · Cited by 14
Cognitive behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety disorders: What happens to comorbid mood and behavioral disorders? A systematic review
Mahdi, M., Jhawar, S., Bennett, S. D., & Shafran, R. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.041 · Cited by 13
Psychosocial and pharmacological treatment for pediatric anxiety disorders
Fisher, P. H., Tobkes, J. L., Kotcher, L. B., & Masia‐Warner, C. (2006) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.6.11.1707 · Cited by 14
Panic Disorder in Adolescents
Ollendick, T. H., & Pincus, D. B. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73691-4_6 · Cited by 13
Linking Mother–Child Discrepancies to Behavioral Observations of Children’s Anxiety
van Doorn, M. M., Bodden, D. H. M., Jansen, M., Rapee, R. M., & Granic, I. (2018) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-018-9441-6 · Cited by 13
“…the current study used a single anxiety-provoking task (videoed discussion) to capture all subtypes of anxiety disorders instead of focusing on one specific anxiety disorder, such as social or specific phobia (Beidel et al. 2000; Kendall 1994; Kendall et al. 1997; Turner and Romanczyk 2012).”
Background
Do caregivers’ perspectives matter? Working alliances and treatment outcomes in trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy with children and adolescents
Loos, S., Tutus, D., Kilian, R., & Goldbeck, L. (2020) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1753939 · Cited by 12
“It shows the limitations of self-reporting data in terms of predictive value (Kendall et al., 1997).”
Background
The meaning of significance in data testing
Perezgonzalez, J. D. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01293 · Cited by 15
Grant Report on Anxiety-CBT: Dimensional Brain Behavior Predictors of CBT Outcomes in Pediatric Anxiety
Premo, J. E., Liu, Y., Bilek, E. L., Phan, K. L., Monk, C. S., & Fitzgerald, K. D. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatry and Brain Science · doi:10.20900/jpbs.20200005 · Cited by 12
A Review of Therapeutic Alliance and Child CBT
Feindler, E. L., & Smerling, C. (2022) · Child & Family Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1080/07317107.2022.2027191 · Cited by 12
“Some have used the CPTR (Child’s Perception of the Therapeutic Relationship Scale (Kendall et al., 1997) as well.”
BackgroundMethod
Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
Nauta, M. H. (2005) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · Cited by 12
Reducing parental anxiety using a family based intervention for youth mental health: A randomized controlled trial
Bertino, M. D., Richens, K., Knight, T., Toumbourou, J. W., Ricciardelli, L. A., & Lewis, A. J. (2013) · Open Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4236/ojpsych.2013.31a013 · Cited by 13
“Family therapy has tended to be evaluated in younger children and early or pre-adolescents [24] [25] [26], however, there are several notable exceptions [27-30].”
Background
Pediatric Psychopharmacology for Prepubertal Internalizing Disorders.
Kubiszyn, T. W., Carlson, J. S., & DeHay, T. L. (2005) · School Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1521/scpq.20.2.135.66513 · Cited by 12
“Kendall’s initial study (1994) was successfully replicated (N = 94, 9 to 13-year-olds) with similar results (Kendall et al., 1997).”
Result
Special Education: Best Practices and First Step to Success
Epstein, M. H., & Walker, H. M. (2002) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195134575.003.0009 · Cited by 13
A Cognitive-Behavioral Skills Training Group for Children Experiencing Anxious and Depressive Symptoms: A Clinical Report with Accompanying Descriptive Data
Friedberg, R. D., McClure, J. M., Wilding, L., Goldman, M. L., Long, M. P., Anderson, L., & DePolo, M. R. (2003) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1023/a:1023917518462 · Cited by 12
“In particular, the Coping Cat program developed by Kendall and his colleagues (Kendall, 1990; Kendall et al., 1992, 1997; Kendall & Treadwell, 1996), the pivotal work done by Seligman and his colleagues (Jaycox et al., 1994; Seligman et al., 1995), and the exciting work done by Silverman and her…”
BackgroundMethod
Assessment and Diagnosis in Evidence‐Based Practice
Silverman, W. K., & Saavedra, L. M. (2004) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470753385.ch3 · Cited by 12
Parental Responses to Children’s Avoidance in Fear-Provoking Situations: Relation to Child Anxiety and Mediators of Intervention Response
Casline, E. P., Pella, J., Zheng, D., Harel, O., Drake, K. L., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2018) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-018-9440-7 · Cited by 11
Evidence-Based Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 Mental Health Interventions in Schools
Macklem, G. L. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7907-0_2 · Cited by 11
“A second randomized clinical trial with 9–13 year olds (Kendall et al., 1997) showed that 50% of participants were diagnosis-free after the intervention and the remaining youth had a significantly fewer symptoms.”
Background
A Group CBT-Yoga Protocol Targeting Pain-Related and Internalizing Symptoms in Youth
Allen, T. M., Wren, A. A., Anderson, L. M., Sabholk, A., & Mauro, C. F. (2018) · Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1037/cpp0000206 · Cited by 10
“Past behavioral/psychological interventions targeting internalizing disorders have primarily addressed pain-related somatic symptoms through relaxation strategies and increased self- awareness (i.e., skills from empirically supported cognitive–behavioral (CB) interventions such as the Coping Cat/Cat Project and Treatm…”
BackgroundMethod

Authors: Kendall, P. C., Flannery-Schroeder, E., Panichelli-Mindel, S. M., Southam-Gerow, M., Henin, A., & Warman, M.
Affiliations: Temple University (US)
ORCID: Kendall, Philip C.
Flannery-Schroeder, Ellen
Venue: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1997
Volume: 65
Issue: 3
Pages: 366-380
ISSN: 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
1939-2117
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.65.3.366
OpenAlex: W2162075090
Semantic Scholar: ecea82a52c98d8dba1a94c0ed59b7f4059d20059
Cited by: 984
References: 76
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 46
FWCI: 37.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Digital Commons - PCOM (Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01mh044042-05)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH 44042)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Keywords: anxiety disorders, children, adolescents, cognitive behavioral therapy, treatment outcomes, maintenance therapy, comorbidities, age effects, waitlist control
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

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Therapy for youths with anxiety disorders: A second randomized clincal trial.

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