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Cited by 104Smoking Behavior and CessationSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Mood disturbance fails to resolve across 31 days of cigarette abstinence in women

Gilbert, David G., McClernon, F. Joseph, Rabinovich, Norka E., Plath, Louisette C., Masson, Carmen L., Anderson, Allison E., Sly, Kaye F.·2002·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
DOI 10.1037/0022-006x.70.1.142
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Abstract

Smoking abstinence responses were characterized in 96 female smokers. Participants completed subjective state measures twice per week for 5 weeks and were then randomly assigned to a group required to abstain for 31 days or a control group that continued to smoke. Financial incentives for biochemically verified abstinence resulted in an 81% completion rate. Abstinence-related increases in depression, tension, anger, irritability, and appetite showed little tendency to return to prequit levels and remained significantly elevated above smoke-group levels. In contrast to psychological components of anxiety, physical components decreased to smoke group levels by the 2nd week of abstinence. Trait depression and neuroticism predicted larger increased abstinence-associated negative affect. The Big Five personality dimensions predicted variance not associated with depressive traits.

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Crossref · 10.1037/0022-006x.70.1.142

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  • Nicotine withdrawal symptoms typically peak within the first week and taper over 3-4 weeks, though some reports say they subside within 10 days and others say they persist past 31 days.

    “Nicotine withdrawal symptoms are typically reported to reach a peak within the first week of abstinence and taper off for the next 3–4 weeks [119, 124]. However, some reports indicate that symptoms can subside within 10 days [125], while others indicate that withdrawal symptoms may persist past 31 days [126, 127].”

    From Mechanistic insights into nicotine withdrawal (2011) · cites this paper as [127]

  • Among tobacco users, withdrawal symptoms, with the exception of weight, peak during the first week of abstinence and then gradually decrease to baseline levels by two to four weeks; more recent studies have found withdrawal to be persistent and elevated for several months after quitting.

    “Among tobacco users, withdrawal symptoms, with the exception of weight, peaks during the first week of abstinence and then gradually decreases to baseline levels by two to four weeks (38–40); although more recent studies have found withdrawal to be persistent and elevated for several months after quitting (41, 42).”

    From Tobacco addiction (2008) · cites this paper as [38]

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Authors
Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, F. J., Rabinovich, N. E., Plath, L. C., Masson, C. L., Anderson, A. E., & Sly, K. F.
Affiliations
Southern Illinois University Carbondale (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2002
Volume
70
Issue
1
Pages
142-152
ISSN
  • 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-2117
DOI
10.1037/0022-006x.70.1.142
OpenAlex
W2033928860
Cited by
104
References
35
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
FWCI
2.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01da007572-05)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 07572)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
smoking cessation, smoking abstinence, mood disturbance, negative affect, depression, anxiety, irritability, appetite, women smokers, financial incentives, trait depression, neuroticism, Big Five personality traits
MeSH terms
Adult, Female, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Smoking Cessation, Mood Disorders

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