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Variability of worked examples and transfer of geometrical problem-solving skills: A cognitive-load approach.
Open accessAbstract
Four computer-based training strategies for geometrical problem solving in the domain of computer numerically controlled machinery programming were studied with regard to their effects on training performance, transfer performance, and cognitive load. A low- and a high-variability conventional condition, in which conventional practice problems had to be solved (followed by worked examples), were compared with a low- and a high-variability worked condition, in which worked examples had to be studied. Results showed that students who studied worked examples gained most from high-variability examples, invested less time and mental effort in practice, and attained better and less effort-demanding transfer performance than students who first attempted to solve conventional problems and then studied work examples. In complex cognitive domains such as mathematics, phys-ics, or computer programming, problem solutions can often be characterized by a hierarchical goal structure. The goal of these solutions can be attained only by successfully attaining all subgoals. Learning and performance of complex cogni-tive tasks are typically constrained by limited processing ca-
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Begolli, K. N., Dai, T., McGinn, K. M., & Booth, J. L. (2021) · Instructional Science · doi:10.1007/s11251-021-09550-9 · Cited by 51
Hu, T., Zhang, M.-L., Liu, H., Liu, J.-C., Pan, S.-J., Guo, J.-H., Tian, Z.-E., & Cui, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.938426 · Cited by 52
Online learning: audio or text?
Neto, J. D. D. O., Huang, W. D., & Melli, N. C. D. A. (2015) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-015-9392-7 · Cited by 33
The mediating effect of context variation in mixed practice for transfer of basic science
Kulasegaram, K. M., Min, C., Howey, E., Neville, A. J., Woods, N. N., Dore, K. L., & Norman, G. R. (2014) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-014-9574-9 · Cited by 33
Guo, J., & Pang, M. F. (2011) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-011-0060-y · Cited by 33
Gamification design: A comparison of four m-learning courses
Wu, Y. (2016) · Innovations in Education and Teaching International · doi:10.1080/14703297.2016.1250662 · Cited by 33
“Higher CL results in lower learning performance (Paas & Van Merriënboer, 1994).”
BackgroundUse of Mouse-tracking Method to Measure Cognitive Load
Rheem, H., Verma, V., & Becker, D. V. (2018) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931218621449 · Cited by 34
“Such methods include self-report (Paas, Van Merriënboer & Adam, 1994), performance outcome measures (Brunken, Plass, & Leutner, 2003), heart rate (Paas & Van Merriënboer, 1994), pupil dilation (Beatty, 1982), eye-tracking data (Paas et al., 2003), fMRI data (Smith & Jonides, 1997), and behavioral…”
MethodLearning Sciences for Computing Education
Margulieux, L. E., Dorn, B., & Searle, K. A. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108654555.009 · Cited by 33
de Croock, M. B. M., & van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2007) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2005.10.003 · Cited by 33
Sluijsmans, D. M. A., Straetmans, G., & van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2008) · Journal of Vocational Education and Training · doi:10.1080/13636820802042438 · Cited by 41
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Paas, F. G. W. C., & Van Merriënboer, J. J. G.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Venue
- Journal of Educational Psychology
- Published
- 1994-03
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 122-133
- ISSN
- 0022-0663 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2176
- OpenAlex
- W2116669434
- Cited by
- 1,198
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 69 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 89 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 68 · 2014: 69 · 2013: 62 · 2012: 59
- FWCI
- 7.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.utwente.nl
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Journal of Educational Psychology (publishedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Keywords
- worked examples, transfer of learning, cognitive load, computer-based training, practice questions, cognitive effort, training performance
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