The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components
Abstract
University of Wisconsin--Madis on Three studies tested basic assumptions derived from a theoretical model based on the dissociation ofantomatic and controlled processes involved in prejudice. Study I supported the model's assumption that high- and low-prejudice persons are equally knowledgeable of the cultural stereotype. The model suggests that the stereotype is automatically activated in the presence of a member (or some symbolic equivalent) of the stereotyped group and that Iow-prejudiee responses require controlled inhibition of the automatically activated stereotype. Study 2, which examined the effects of automarie stereotype activation on the evaluation of ambiguous stereotype-relevant behaviors performed by a race-unspecified person, suggested that when subjects' ability to consciously monitor stereotype activation is precluded, both high- and low-prejudice subjects produce stereotype-congruent evaluations of ambiguous behaviors. Study 3 examined high- and low-prejudice subjects' responses in a consciously directed thought-listing task. Consistent with the model, only low-prejudice subjects inhibited the automatically activated stereotype-congruent thoughts and replaced them with thoughts reflecting equality and negations of the stereotype. The relation between stereotypes and prejudice and implications for prejudice reduction are discussed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“With regard to diagnosing intergroup bias, research has shown that intergroup bias can translate into verbal and nonverbal interpersonal communication within teams (Devine, 1989;Dovidio, Kawakami, & Gaertner, 2002;Fiske, 1998;Hekman et al., 2010).”
From Leading diversity: Towards a theory of functional leadership in diverse teams. (2020) · cites this paper as Devine, 1989
In the citing paper
“Devine’s habit-breaking analysis of prejudice reduction, which argues that overcoming prejudice is a protracted process that requires considerable effort in the pursuit of a nonprejudiced goal”
From Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention (2012) · cites this paper as Devine, 1989
In the citing paper
“Several theorists have implicated implicit race biases, which are automatically activated and often unintentional, as major contributors to the perpetuation of discrimination”
From Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention (2012) · cites this paper as Devine, 1989
In the citing paper
“The intervention is based on the premise that implicit bias is like a habit that can be reduced through a combination of awareness of implicit bias, concern about the effects of that bias, and the application of strategies to reduce bias.”
From Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention (2012) · cites this paper as Devine, 1989
In the citing paper
“Many theorists argue that implicit biases persist and are powerful determinants of behavior precisely because people lack personal awareness of them and they can occur despite conscious nonprejudiced attitudes or intentions”
From Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention (2012) · cites this paper as Devine, 1989
In the citing paper
“The word frequency and likelihood findings, combined with the findings about change in implicit bias, personal awareness, and concern, support the prejudice habit model and other dual-process models that identify effort as necessary for implicit bias reduction (Devine, 1989; Devine & Monteith, 1993; Smith & DeCoster, 2000; Strack & Deutsch, 2004).”
From Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention (2012) · cites this paper as Devine, 1989
In the citing paper
“Despite egalitarian beliefs, most Americans possess implicit negative associations with minority groups that are kept in check through effortful cognitive control (31,32).”
From Economic scarcity alters the perception of race (2014) · cites this paper as [32]
Citations
Cites
(1954) · Cited by 15,935
The Handbook of Social Psychology
Gravatt, A. E., Lindzey, G. E., & Aronson, F. (1969) · The Family Coordinator · doi:10.2307/582242 · Cited by 12,518
Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.
Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.3.231 · Cited by 11,317
(1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 10,293
DeLamater, J., & Ward, A. (2013) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0 · Cited by 7,590
Shiffrin, R. M., & Schneider, W. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.127 · Cited by 7,335
Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention.
Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.1.1 · Cited by 5,902
Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology.
Rose, A. W., & Tajfel, H. (1983) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2066820 · Cited by 4,111
(2002) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3080.003.0017 · Cited by 3,974
Review of Child Development Research
Walters, J., Hoffman, M. L., & Hoffman, L. W. (1965) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/349834 · Cited by 3,658
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,027
Threats to the validity of eye-movement research in psychology
Orquin, J. L., & Holmqvist, K. (2018) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-017-0998-z · Cited by 280
Ethnic and National Stereotypes: The Princeton Trilogy Revisited and Revised
Madon, S., Guyll, M., Aboufadel, K., Montiel, E., Smith, A. E., Palumbo, P., & Jussim, L. J. (2001) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167201278007 · Cited by 276
Unraveling the Processes Underlying Evaluation: Attitudes from the Perspective of the Ape Model
Gawronski, B., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2007) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2007.25.5.687 · Cited by 298
The Origins of Social Categorization
Liberman, Z., Woodward, A. L., & Kinzler, K. D. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.04.004 · Cited by 320
Haider, A. H., Sexton, J., Sriram, N., Cooper, L. A., Efron, D. T., Swoboda, S., Villegas, C. V., Haut, E. R., Bonds, M., Pronovost, P. J., et al. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1248 · Cited by 274
Stereotype performance boosts: The impact of self-relevance and the manner of stereotype activation.
Shih, M. J., Ambady, N., Richeson, J. A., Fujita, K., & Gray, H. M. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.3.638 · Cited by 293
Henry, P. J. (2008) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/10478400802049936 · Cited by 272
Dixon, T. L., & Maddox, K. B. (2005) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02184.x · Cited by 272
The Development of Sex Typing in Middle Childhood
Serbin, L. A., Powlishta, K. K., Gulko, J., Martin, C. L., & Lockheed, M. E. (1993) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1166118 · Cited by 272
Habit in Personality and Social Psychology
Wood, W. (2017) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868317720362 · Cited by 299
How does cognitive therapy prevent relapse in residual depression? Evidence from a controlled trial.
Teasdale, J. D., Scott, J., Moore, R. G., Hayhurst, H., Pope, M., & Paykel, E. S. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.3.347 · Cited by 269
The self-regulation of automatic associations and behavioral impulses.
Sherman, J. W., Gawronski, B., Gonsalkorale, K., Hugenberg, K., Allen, T. J., & Groom, C. J. (2008) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.115.2.314 · Cited by 281
How does cognitive therapy prevent relapse in residual depression? Evidence from a controlled trial.
Teasdale, J. D., Scott, J. L., Moore, R. G., Hayhurst, H., Pope, M., & Paykel, E. S. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.69.3.347 · Cited by 269
Roberson, L., & Kulik, C. T. (2007) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2007.25356510 · Cited by 250
Chartrand, T. L., Maddux, W. W., & Lakin, J. L. (2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307696.003.0014 · Cited by 275
Amodio, D. M., Devine, P. G., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.1.60 · Cited by 259
Self-citationWhy do implicit and explicit attitude tests diverge? The role of structural fit.
Payne, B. K., Burkley, M. A., & Stokes, M. B. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.1.16 · Cited by 401
Assessing bimodality to detect the presence of a dual cognitive process
Freeman, J. B., & Dale, R. A. C. (2012) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-012-0225-x · Cited by 268
Unconscious influences revealed: Attention, awareness, and control.
Jacoby, L. L., Lindsay, D. S., & Toth, J. P. (1992) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.47.6.802 · Cited by 268
Don’t stereotype, think different! Overcoming automatic stereotype activation by mindset priming
Sassenberg, K., & Moskowitz, G. B. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2004.10.002 · Cited by 267
Harrison, D. A., Kravitz, D. A., Mayer, D. M., Leslie, L. M., & Lev-Arey, D. (2006) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.5.1013 · Cited by 358
Challenge and Threat During Social Interactions With White and Black Men
Mendes, W. B., Blascovich, J., Lickel, B. A., & Hunter, S. B. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/014616720202800707 · Cited by 266
Blinder, S. B., Ford, R., & Ivarsflaten, E. (2013) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12030 · Cited by 266
Baldwin, M. W., Fehr, B., Keedian, E., Seidel, M., & Thomson, D. W. (1993) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167293196010 · Cited by 266
Concern for the in-group and opposition to affirmative action.
Lowery, B. S., Unzueta, M. M., Knowles, E. D., & Goff, P. A. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.6.961 · Cited by 265
Lueke, A., & Gibson, B. (2015) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550614559651 · Cited by 265
Pointless Diversity Training: Unconscious Bias, New Racism and Agency
Noon, M. (2017) · Work Employment and Society · doi:10.1177/0950017017719841 · Cited by 320
Looking the Part: Social Status Cues Shape Race Perception
Freeman, J. B., Penner, A. M., Saperstein, A., Scheutz, M., & Ambady, N. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025107 · Cited by 218
Gawronski, B., Bodenhausen, G. V., & Becker, A. P. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.04.001 · Cited by 274
Hassin, R. R. (2013) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691612460684 · Cited by 281
Preventing and Experiencing Ischemic Heart Disease as a Woman: State of the Science
McSweeney, J. C., Rosenfeld, A. G., Abel, W. M., Braun, L. T., Burke, L. E., Daugherty, S. L., Fletcher, G. F., Gulati, M., Mehta, L. S., Bricker, C., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000381 · Cited by 276
Bonnet, X., Shine, R., & Lourdais, O. (2002) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(01)02381-3 · Cited by 263
Cushman, F. A. (2019) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x19001730 · Cited by 282
Automatic Activation of Stereotypes: The Role of Self-Image Threat
Spencer, S. J., Fein, S., Wolfe, C., Fong, C. T., & Duinn, M. A. (1998) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672982411001 · Cited by 261
Schaller, M., Park, J. H., & Mueller, A. (2003) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167203029005008 · Cited by 257
Awareness of the influence as a determinant of assimilation versus contrast
Strack, F., Schwarz, N., Bless, H., Kübler, A., & Wänke, M. (1993) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420230105 · Cited by 261
Suppression as a Stereotype Control Strategy
Monteith, M. J., Sherman, J. W., & Devine, P. G. (1998) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0201_4 · Cited by 269
Self-citationHow Are Stereotypes Maintained Through Communication? The Influence of Stereotype Sharedness.
Lyons, A., & Kashima, Y. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.6.989 · Cited by 260
Reducing the Expression of Implicit Stereotypes: Reflexive Control Through Implementation Intentions
Mendoza, S. A., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Amodio, D. M. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167210362789 · Cited by 251
The Colors of Poverty: Why Racial and Ethnic Disparities Persist
Lin, A. C., & Harris, D. (2008) · Russell Sage Foundation eBooks · Cited by 260
Amodio, D. M., Harmon-Jones, E., & Devine, P. G. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.738 · Cited by 257
Self-citationFlynn, F. J. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.5.816 · Cited by 257
Nations' income inequality predicts ambivalence in stereotype content: How societies mind the gap
Durante, F., Fiske, S. T., Kervyn, N. O., Cuddy, A. J. C., Akande, A., Adetoun, B. E., Adewuyi, M. F., Tserere, M. M., Ramiah, A. A., Mastor, K. A., et al. (2012) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12005 · Cited by 290
Judd, C. M., Park, B., Ryan, C. S., Bräuer, M., & al, E. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.3.460 · Cited by 256
The effect of priming gender roles on women's implicit gender beliefs and career aspirations
Rudman, L. A., & Phelan, J. E. (2010) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000027 · Cited by 252
Nairn, A. C., & Fine, C. (2008) · International Journal of Advertising · doi:10.2501/s0265048708080062 · Cited by 275
From American City to Japanese Village: A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Implicit Race Attitudes
Dunham, Y. C., Baron, A. S., & Banaji, M. R. (2006) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00933.x · Cited by 255
Automatic social behavior as motivated preparation to interact.
Cesario, J., Plaks, J. E., & Higgins, E. T. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.6.893 · Cited by 269
Breaking the prejudice habit: Mechanisms, timecourse, and longevity
Forscher, P. S., Mitamura, C., Dix, E. L., Cox, W. T. L., & Devine, P. G. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2017.04.009 · Cited by 264
Self-citationThe effect of patients' sex on physicians' recommendations for total knee arthroplasty
Borkhoff, C. M., Hawker, G. A., Kreder, H. J., Glazier, R. H., Mahomed, N. N., & Wright, J. G. (2008) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.071168 · Cited by 254
Gay Stereotypes: The Use of Sexual Orientation as a Cue for Gender-Related Attributes
Blashill, A. J., & Powlishta, K. K. (2009) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-009-9684-7 · Cited by 254
Self-reported differences in creativity by ethnicity and gender
Kaufman, J. C. (2006) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1255 · Cited by 256
Casuistry and Social Category Bias.
Norton, M. I., Vandello, J. A., & Darley, J. M. (2004) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.817 · Cited by 258
Becker, J. C., & Swim, J. K. (2011) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684310397509 · Cited by 252
Eradication of Ageism Requires Addressing the Enemy Within
Levy, B. R. (2001) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/41.5.578 · Cited by 251
The relationship between parental racial attitudes and children’s implicit prejudice
Sinclair, S. A., Dunn, E. W., & Lowery, B. S. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2004.06.003 · Cited by 250
Cimpian, A., & Salomon, E. (2014) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x13002197 · Cited by 270
Chin, M. J., Quinn, D. M., Dhaliwal, T. K., & Lovison, V. S. (2020) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x20937240 · Cited by 258
“Thus, people can exhibit implicit bias even when they do not consciously endorse the underlying attitude or stereotype (Devine, 1989; Dovidio et al., 2002).”
BackgroundHuman Aggression: A Social-Cognitive View
Anderson, C. A., & Huesmann, L. R. (2007) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781848608221.n12 · Cited by 250
DRIVING WHILE BLACK: BIAS PROCESSES AND RACIAL DISPARITY IN POLICE STOPS*
WARREN, P., TOMASKOVIC‐DEVEY, D., SMITH, W., ZINGRAFF, M., & MASON, M. (2006) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2006.00061.x · Cited by 244
Entrepreneurial Imaginativeness in New Venture Ideation
Kier, A. S., & McMullen, J. S. (2018) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2017.0395 · Cited by 259
Depicting Women as Sex Objects in Television Advertising: Effects on Body Dissatisfaction
Lavine, H. G., Sweeney, D. L., & Wagner, S. H. (1999) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672992511012 · Cited by 246
Explaining Interviewer Effects: A Research Synthesis
West, B. T., & Blom, A. G. (2016) · Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology · doi:10.1093/jssam/smw024 · Cited by 246
White juror bias: An investigation of prejudice against Black defendants in the American courtroom.
Sommers, S. R., & Ellsworth, P. C. (2001) · Psychology Public Policy and Law · doi:10.1037/1076-8971.7.1.201 · Cited by 247
Fadus, M. C., Ginsburg, K. R., Sobowale, K., Halliday‐Boykins, C. A., Bryant, B. E., Gray, K. M., & Squeglia, L. M. (2019) · Academic Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40596-019-01127-6 · Cited by 279
Diversity training: Putting theory into practice
Pendry, L. F., Driscoll, D. M., & Field, S. C. T. (2006) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1348/096317906x118397 · Cited by 244
What is a Stereotype? What is Stereotyping?
Beeghly, E. (2015) · Hypatia · doi:10.1111/hypa.12170 · Cited by 244
GENDER STEREOTYPES AND NEGOTIATION PERFORMANCE: AN EXAMINATION OF THEORY AND RESEARCH
Kray, L. J., & Thompson, L. (2004) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0191-3085(04)26004-x · Cited by 258
The Automaticity of Race and Afrocentric Facial Features in Social Judgments.
Blair, I. V., Judd, C. M., & Fallman, J. L. (2004) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.763 · Cited by 243
Using the implicit association test to measure age differences in implicit social cognitions.
Hummert, M. L., Garstka, T. A., O’Brien, L. T., Greenwald, A. G., & Mellott, D. S. (2002) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.17.3.482 · Cited by 243
A Framework for Integrating Implicit Bias Recognition Into Health Professions Education
Sukhera, J., & Watling, C. (2018) · Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000001819 · Cited by 182
Disparity and diversity in the contemporary city: social (dis)order revisited1
Sampson, R. J. (2009) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2009.01211.x · Cited by 242
To be or Not to be: The Effects of Aging Stereotypes on the Will to Live
Levy, B. R., Ashman, O., & Dror, I. E. (2000) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/y2ge-bvyq-nf0e-83vr · Cited by 242
The Misperception of Racial Economic Inequality
Kraus, M. W., Onyeador, I. N., Daumeyer, N. M., Rucker, J. M., & Richeson, J. A. (2019) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691619863049 · Cited by 266
Who counts as an American?: the boundaries of national identity
(2010) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-5334 · Cited by 246
Barden, J., Maddux, W. W., Petty, R. E., & Brewer, M. B. (2004) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.1.5 · Cited by 254
Quality of evidence revealing subtle gender biases in science is in the eye of the beholder
Handley, I. M., Brown, E. R., Moss‐Racusin, C. A., & Smith, J. L. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1510649112 · Cited by 259
Motivated Reasoning With Stereotypes: Activation, Application, and Inhibition
Kundra, Z., & Sinclair, L. (1999) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1001_2 · Cited by 238
Perspective-takers behave more stereotypically.
Galinsky, A. D., Wang, C. S., & Ku, G. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.2.404 · Cited by 238
Pride and Prejudice: Identity Management in English People's Talk about `this Country'
Condor, S. (2000) · Discourse & Society · doi:10.1177/0957926500011002003 · Cited by 245
Examining Racial Disparities in Drug Arrests
Mitchell, O., & Caudy, M. S. (2013) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418825.2012.761721 · Cited by 237
Internal and External Motivation to Respond Without Sexism
Klonis, S. C., Plant, E. A., & Devine, P. G. (2005) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167205275304 · Cited by 237
Self-citationKing, E. B., Botsford, W. E., Hebl, M. R., Kazama, S., Dawson, J., & Perkins, A. W. (2010) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206310365902 · Cited by 264
The influence of stereotypes on decisions to shoot
Correll, J., Park, B., Judd, C. M., & Wittenbrink, B. (2007) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.450 · Cited by 236
Cognition in Emotion: Always, Sometimes, or Never?
Clore, G. L., & Ortony, A. (1999) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195118889.003.0003 · Cited by 245
Affirmative action: Psychological data and the policy debates.
Crosby, F. J., Iyer, A., Clayton, S., & Downing, R. A. (2003) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.58.2.93 · Cited by 248
Subliminal Conditioning of Attitudes
Krosnick, J. A., Betz, A. L., Jussim, L. J., & Lynn, A. R. (1992) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167292182006 · Cited by 236
Emotional prejudice, essentialism, and nationalism The 2002 Tajfel lecture
Leyens, J., Cortes, B., Demoulin, S., Dovidio, J. F., Fiske, S. T., Gaunt, R., Paladino, M., Rodriguez‐Perez, A., Rodriguez‐Torres, R., & Vaes, J. (2003) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.170 · Cited by 314
Personal beliefs and cultural stereotypes about racial characteristics.
Krueger, J. I. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.3.536 · Cited by 234
A Dual-Process Model of Reactions to Perceived Stigma.
Pryor, J. B., Reeder, G. D., Yeadon, C., & Hesson-McInnis, M. S. (2004) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.4.436 · Cited by 233
Executing Hortons: Racial Crime in the 1988 Presidential Campaign
Mendelberg, T. (1997) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/297790 · Cited by 232
Two Roads to Positive Regard: Implicit and Explicit Self-Evaluation and Culture
Hetts, J. J., Sakuma, M., & Pelham, B. W. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1006/jesp.1999.1391 · Cited by 232
Multimethod Probes of Allocentrism and Idiocentrism
Triandis, H. C., Chan, D. K. ‐., Bhawuk, D. P. S., Iwao, S., & Sinha, J. B. P. (1995) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00207599508246580 · Cited by 231
Hess, T. M., Hinson, J. T., & Statham, J. A. (2004) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.19.3.495 · Cited by 232
Devine, P. G., Forscher, P. S., Cox, W. T. L., Kaatz, A., Sheridan, J., & Carnes, M. L. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2017.07.002 · Cited by 226
Self-citationThe Conceptual mind: new directions in the study of concepts
Margolis, E., & Laurence, S. (2016) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.193092 · Cited by 234
Givens, S. M. B., & Monahan, J. L. (2005) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1207/s1532785xmep0701_5 · Cited by 229
Female first, leader second? Gender bias in the encoding of leadership behavior
Scott, K. A., & Brown, D. (2006) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.06.002 · Cited by 255
Motivated Stereotyping of Women: She’s Fine if She Praised Me but Incompetent if She Criticized Me
Sinclair, L., & Kunda, Z. (2000) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167200263002 · Cited by 229
The implicit revolution: Reconceiving the relation between conscious and unconscious.
Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (2017) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000238 · Cited by 261
Metadata
- Authors
- Devine, P. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Devine, Patricia G.
- ORCID
- Devine, Patricia G.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1989-01
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-18
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2127629438
- Cited by
- 5,673
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 100 · 2025: 156 · 2024: 161 · 2023: 158 · 2022: 166 · 2021: 190 · 2020: 300 · 2019: 231 · 2018: 225 · 2017: 222 · 2016: 257 · 2015: 233 · 2014: 240 · 2013: 237 · 2012: 256
- FWCI
- 128.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- stereotypes, prejudice, automatic processes, controlled processes, stereotype activation, prejudice reduction, racial stereotypes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
