The costs and benefits of writing, talking, and thinking about life's triumphs and defeats.

Lyubomirsky, Sonja; Sousa, Lorie; Dickerhoof, Rene

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.4.692

Cited by 472Mental Health via WritingPsychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionIdentity, Memory, and Therapy

The costs and benefits of writing, talking, and thinking about life's triumphs and defeats.

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Lyubomirsky, Sonja, Sousa, Lorie, Dickerhoof, Rene·2006·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.90.4.692

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Abstract

Three studies considered the consequences of writing, talking, and thinking about significant events. In Studies 1 and 2, students wrote, talked into a tape recorder, or thought privately about their worst (N = 96) or happiest experience (N = 111) for 15 min each during 3 consecutive days. In Study 3 (N = 112), students wrote or thought about their happiest day; half systematically analyzed, and half repetitively replayed this day. Well-being and health measures were administered before each study's manipulation and 4 weeks after. As predicted, in Study 1, participants who processed a negative experience through writing or talking reported improved life satisfaction and enhanced mental and physical health relative to those who thought about it. The reverse effect for life satisfaction was observed in Study 2, which focused on positive experiences. Study 3 examined possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Students who wrote about their happiest moments--especially when analyzing them--experienced reduced well-being and physical health relative to those who replayed these moments. Results are discussed in light of current understanding of the effects of processing life events.

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Authors: Lyubomirsky, S., Sousa, L., & Dickerhoof, R.
Affiliations: University of California, Riverside (US)
ORCID: Lyubomirsky, Sonja
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2006-04
Volume: 90
Issue: 4
Pages: 692-708
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.90.4.692
OpenAlex: W2126929584
Cited by: 472
References: 74
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 20.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
escholarship.org
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: University of California, Riverside
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
Keywords: expressive writing, life events, life satisfaction, well-being, physical health, mental health, positive experiences, negative experiences, rumination, event processing
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Affect, California, Female, Health Status, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Personal Satisfaction, Psychological Theory, Speech, Thinking, Writing

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The costs and benefits of writing, talking, and thinking about life's triumphs and defeats.

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