Cited by 25,266Psychometric Methodologies and TestingStatistical Methods and Bayesian InferenceStatistical Distribution Estimation and Applications

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Comparative fit indexes in structural models.

Bentler, P. M.·1990·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Normed and nonnormed fit indexes are frequently used as adjuncts to chi-square statistics for evaluating the fit of a structural model. A drawback of existing indexes is that they estimate no known population parameters. A new coefficient is proposed to summarize the relative reduction in the noncentrality parameters of two nested models. Two estimators of the coefficient yield new normed (CFI) and nonnormed (FI) fit indexes. CFI avoids the underestimation of fit often noted in small samples for Bentler and Bonett's (1980) normed fit index (NFI). FI is a linear function of Bentler and Bonett's non-normed fit index (NNFI) that avoids the extreme underestimation and overestimation often found in NNFI. Asymptotically, CFI, FI, NFI, and a new index developed by Bollen are equivalent measures of comparative fit, whereas NNFI measures relative fit by comparing noncentrality per degree of freedom. All of the indexes are generalized to permit use of Wald and Lagrange multiplier statistics. An example illustrates the behavior of these indexes under conditions of correct specification and misspecification. The new fit indexes perform very well at all sample sizes.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238

Cites

26 of 26 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588 · Cited by 20,015
Self-citation
EQS : structural equations program manual
Bentler, P. M. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,669
Self-citation
A Reliability Coefficient for Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis
Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02291170 · Cited by 7,330
Model Selection and Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC): The General Theory and its Analytical Extensions
Bozdogan, H. (1987) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02294361 · Cited by 4,468
Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size.
Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & McDonald, R. P. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.391 · Cited by 3,953
A New Incremental Fit Index for General Structural Equation Models
Bollen, K. A. (1989) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124189017003004 · Cited by 3,008
Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models.
Mulaik, S. A., James, L. R., Alstine, J. V., Bennett, N., Lind, S., & Stilwell, C. D. (1989) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.430 · Cited by 2,927
The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. (1984) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02294170 · Cited by 1,775
Causal Analysis: Assumptions, Models, and Data
Schriesheim, C. A., James, L. R., Muliak, S. A., & Brett, J. M. (1984) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258244 · Cited by 1,240
Sample Size Effects on Chi Square and Other Statistics Used in Evaluating Causal Models
Bearden, W. O., Sharma, S., & Teel, J. E. (1982) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151716 · Cited by 610

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 26 references

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 1,501

The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Short Version: Scale reduction via exploratory bifactor modeling of the broad anxiety factor.
Ebesutani, C., Reise, S. P., Chorpita, B. F., Ale, C., Regan, J., Young, J., Higa-McMillan, C., & Weisz, J. R. (2012) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0027283 · Cited by 439
Parenting and adolescent problem behavior: An integrated model with adolescent self-disclosure and perceived parental knowledge as intervening variables.
Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Luyckx, K., & Goossens, L. (2006) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.305 · Cited by 470
The Mediating Effect of Place Attachment on the Relationship between Festival Satisfaction and Loyalty to the Festival Hosting Destination
Lee, J., Kyle, G. T., & Scott, D. R. M. (2012) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287512437859 · Cited by 445
Internet and Gaming Addiction: A Systematic Literature Review of Neuroimaging Studies
Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci2030347 · Cited by 437
An integrative model of safety climate: Linking psychological climate and work attitudes to individual safety outcomes using meta-analysis.
Clarke, S. (2010) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1348/096317909x452122 · Cited by 418
Sex, Gender, and the Work-to-Family Interface: Exploring Negative and Positive Interdependencies
Powell, G. N., & Greenhaus, J. H. (2010) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2010.51468647 · Cited by 433
The Effects of Blame Attributions and Offender Likableness on Forgiveness and Revenge in the Workplace
Bradfield, M., & Aquino, K. F. (1999) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920639902500501 · Cited by 434
The assessment of school engagement: Examining dimensionality and measurement invariance by gender and race/ethnicity
Wang, M., Willett, J. B., & Eccles, J. S. (2011) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2011.04.001 · Cited by 492
A Brand Loyalty Model Involving Cognitive, Affective, and Conative Brand Loyalty and Customer Satisfaction
Back, K., & Parks, S. (2003) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/10963480030274003 · Cited by 446
The measurement of exercise motives: Factorial validity and invariance across gender of a revised Exercise Motivations Inventory
Markland, D., & Ingledew, D. K. (1997) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8287.1997.tb00549.x · Cited by 431
Handbook of organizational measurement
Price, J. L. (1997) · International Journal of Manpower · doi:10.1108/01437729710182260 · Cited by 436
The impact of the alliance on the partners: A look at cause–brand alliances
Lafferty, B. A., Goldsmith, R. E., & Hult, G. T. M. (2004) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20017 · Cited by 430
Factors influencing digital technology use in early childhood education
Blackwell, C. K., Lauricella, A. R., & Wartella, E. A. (2014) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2014.04.013 · Cited by 509
The Influence of Anger and Compassion on Negotiation Performance
Allred, K. G., Mallozzi, J. S., Matsui, F., & Raia, C. P. (1997) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.1997.2705 · Cited by 428
The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ): Development and validation.
Corr, P. J., & Cooper, A. J. (2016) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000273 · Cited by 454
Multiple-Group Invariance with Categorical Outcomes Using Updated Guidelines: An Illustration Using M plus and the lavaan/semTools Packages
Svetina, D., Rutkowski, L. A., & Rutkowski, D. (2019) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705511.2019.1602776 · Cited by 434
Motivators of online vulnerability: the impact of social network site use and FOMO
Buglass, S. L., Binder, J. F., Betts, L. R., & Underwood, J. D. M. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.055 · Cited by 427
The need to evaluate.
Jarvis, W. B. G., & Petty, R. E. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.1.172 · Cited by 438
Job and life attitudes of male executives.
Judge, T. A., Boudreau, J. W., & Bretz, R. D. (1994) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.79.5.767 · Cited by 426
Service Customization Through Employee Adaptiveness
Gwinner, K. P., Bitner, M. J., Brown, S. W., III, & Kumar, A. S. (2005) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/1094670505279699 · Cited by 440
Influence of Self-Efficacy on Elementary Students' Writing
Pajares, F., & Valiante, G. (1997) · The Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00220671.1997.10544593 · Cited by 432
The Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Evaluations of Salesperson Performance
MACKENZIE, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Fetter, R. E. (1993) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1252058 · Cited by 733
Digital transforming capability and performance: a microfoundational perspective
Zomer, T. T. D. S., Neely, A. D., & Martinez, V. (2020) · International Journal of Operations & Production Management · doi:10.1108/ijopm-06-2019-0444 · Cited by 465
Racial microaggressions against African American clients in cross-racial counseling relationships.
Constantine, M. G. (2007) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.54.1.1 · Cited by 481
The 10-Item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children, Child and Parent Shortened Versions: Application of Item Response Theory for More Efficient Assessment
Ebesutani, C. K., Regan, J., Smith, A. M., Reise, S. P., Higa-McMillan, C. K., & Chorpita, B. F. (2012) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-011-9273-2 · Cited by 470
The moderating influence of strategic orientation on the strategy formation capability–performance relationship
Slater, S. F., Olson, E. M., & Hult, G. T. M. (2006) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.569 · Cited by 422
The Effect of Estimation Methods on SEM Fit Indices
Shi, D., & Maydeu‐Olivares, A. (2019) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164419885164 · Cited by 446
Interparental Discord and Child Adjustment: Prospective Investigations of Emotional Security as an Explanatory Mechanism
Cummings, E. M., Schermerhorn, A. C., Davies, P. T., Goeke-Morey, M. C., & Cummings, J. S. (2006) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00861.x · Cited by 420
Targeting Misperceptions of Descriptive Drinking Norms: Efficacy of a Computer-Delivered Personalized Normative Feedback Intervention.
Neighbors, C., Larimer, M. E., & Lewis, M. A. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.3.434 · Cited by 661
From patterns to causal understanding: Structural equation modeling (SEM) in soil ecology
Eisenhauer, N., Bowker, M. A., Grace, J. B., & Powell, J. R. (2015) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/j.pedobi.2015.03.002 · Cited by 418
Longitudinal associations between depression, anxiety, pain, and pain-related disability in chronic pain patients
Lerman, S. F., Rudich, Z., Brill, S., Shalev, H., & Shahar, G. (2015) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000158 · Cited by 408
Racial Battle Fatigue and the misEducation of Black Men: Racial Microaggressions, Societal Problems, and Environmental Stress
Smith, W. A., Hung, M., & Franklin, J. D. (2011) · Cited by 420
Maternal Postnatal Depression and the Development of Depression in Offspring Up to 16 Years of Age
Murray, L., Arteche, A. X., Fearon, P. R. M., Halligan, S. L., Goodyer, I. M., & Cooper, P. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.02.001 · Cited by 461
The Service Provider Switching Model (SPSM)
Bansal, H. S., & Taylor, S. F. (1999) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/109467059922007 · Cited by 440
Money and subjective well-being: It's not the money, it's the motives.
Srivastava, A., Locke, E. A., & Bartol, K. M. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.6.959 · Cited by 437
Big data analytics capabilities and performance: Evidence from a moderated multi-mediation model
Rialti, R., Zollo, L., Ferraris, A., & Alon, I. (2019) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119781 · Cited by 468
Fit Indices Versus Test Statistics
Yuan, K.-H. (2005) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr4001_5 · Cited by 415
Enhancing Brand Equity through Flow and Telepresence: A Comparison of 2d and 3d Virtual Worlds1
Nah, F. F., Eschenbrenner, B., & DeWester, D. (2011) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/23042806 · Cited by 429
The Relationship between Work-Team Personality Composition and the Job Performance of Teams
Neuman, G. A., Wagner, S. H., & Christiansen, N. D. (1999) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601199241003 · Cited by 418
Racial differences in employee retention: Are diversity climate perceptions the key?
McKAY, P. F., AVERY, D. R., TONIDANDEL, S., MORRIS, M. A., HERNANDEZ, M., & HEBL, M. R. (2007) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00064.x · Cited by 561
Employee acceptance of organizational change:the role of organizational commitment
Iverson, R. D. (1996) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585199600000121 · Cited by 436
Acceptance of electronic tax filing: A study of taxpayer intentions
Fu, J.-R., Farn, C., & Chao, W.-P. (2005) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2005.04.001 · Cited by 437
Work Engagement and Machiavellianism in the Ethical Leadership Process
Den Hartog, D. N., & Belschak, F. D. (2012) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1296-4 · Cited by 417
Testing the 8-Syndrome Structure of the Child Behavior Checklist in 30 Societies
Ivanova, M. Y., Achenbach, T. M., Dumenci, L., Rescorla, L. A., Almqvist, F., Weintraub, S., Bilenberg, N., Bird, H., Chen, W. J., Dobrean, A., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410701444363 · Cited by 416
Cultural and Situational Contingencies and the Theory of Reasoned Action: Application to Fast Food Restaurant Consumption
Bagozzi, R. P., Wong, N., Abe, S., & Bergami, M. (2000) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp0902_4 · Cited by 465
Cause or Effect? A Longitudinal Study of Immigrant Latino Parents' Aspirations and Expectations, and Their Children's School Performance
Goldenberg, C. N., Gallimore, R. G., Reese, L., & Garnier, H. (2001) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312038003547 · Cited by 437
A brief, patient- and proxy-reported outcome measure in advanced illness: Validity, reliability and responsiveness of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS)
Murtagh, F. E., Ramsenthaler, C., Firth, A. M., Groeneveld, E. I., Lovell, N., Simon, S. T., Denzel, J., Guo, P., Bernhardt, F., Schildmann, E. K., et al. (2019) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216319854264 · Cited by 413
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on environmental awareness, sustainable consumption and social responsibility: Evidence from generations in Brazil and Portugal
Severo, E. A., de Guimarães, J. C. F., & Dellarmelin, M. L. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124947 · Cited by 482
The familial aggregation of common psychiatric and substance use disorders in the national comorbidity survey: A family history study
Kendler, K. S., Davis, C. G., & Kessler, R. C. (1997) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.170.6.541 · Cited by 412
Recycling: Planned and self-expressive behaviour
Mannetti, L., Pierro, A., & Livi, S. (2004) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2004.01.002 · Cited by 414
Distinguishing Hope and Optimism: Two Sides of a Coin, or Two Separate Coins?
Bryant, F. B., & Cvengros, J. A. (2004) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.23.2.273.31018 · Cited by 438
Development and validation of the Stephenson Multigroup Acculturation Scale (SMAS).
Stephenson, M. (2000) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.12.1.77 · Cited by 411
Autonomy, Belongingness, and Engagement in School as Contributors to Adolescent Psychological Well-Being
Ryzin, M. J. V., Gravely, A. A., & Roseth, C. J. (2007) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-007-9257-4 · Cited by 478
Refinement of the tripartite influence model for men: Dual body image pathways to body change behaviors
Tylka, T. L. (2011) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.04.008 · Cited by 411
Video-based versus paper-and-pencil method of assessment in situational judgment tests: Subgroup differences in test performance and face validity perceptions.
Chan, D. K., & Schmitt, N. (1997) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.1.143 · Cited by 409
Toward a comprehensive developmental model for major depression in men
Kendler, K. S., Gardner, C. O., & Prescott, C. A. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.1.115 · Cited by 411
OPRA: A Cross-Cultural, Multiple-Item Scale for Measuring Organization-Public Relationships
Huang, Y. C. (2001) · Journal of Public Relations Research · doi:10.1207/s1532754xjprr1301_4 · Cited by 411
Hope and optimism as related to life satisfaction
Bailey, T., Eng, W., Frisch, M. B., & Snyder, C. (2007) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760701409546 · Cited by 432
The Value of Intra-organizational Social Capital: How it Fosters Knowledge Transfer, Innovation Performance, and Growth
Maurer, I., Bartsch, V., & Ebers, M. (2011) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840610394301 · Cited by 411
Assessing the Quality of Preparation for Posthospital Care from the Patient??s Perspective
Coleman, E. A., Mahoney, E. R., & Parry, C. (2005) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200503000-00007 · Cited by 409
Self-Regulation: From Goal Orientation to Job Performance.
Porath, C. L., & Bateman, T. S. (2006) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.1.185 · Cited by 411
Intentions to Use Self-Service Technologies: A Confluence of Multiple Attitudes
Curran, J., Meuter, M., & Surprenant, C. F. (2003) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/1094670502238916 · Cited by 445
Plans are nothing, changing plans is everything: the impact of changes on project success
Dvir, D., & Lechler, T. G. (2003) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2003.04.001 · Cited by 401
Purpose and object of anti-consumption
Iyer, R., & Muncy, J. A. (2008) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.01.023 · Cited by 404
Confirmatory factor analysis of the depression-Anxiety-Stress Scales in depressed and anxious patients
Clara, I. P., Cox, B. J., & Enns, M. W. (2001) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1023/a:1011095624717 · Cited by 403
Development and Validation of a Rasch-Derived CES-D Short Form.
Cole, J. C., Rabin, A. S., Smith, T. L., & Kaufman, A. S. (2004) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.16.4.360 · Cited by 401
Exploratory and confirmatory tests of the Big Five and Tellegen's three- and four-dimensional models.
Church, A. T., & Burke, P. J. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.66.1.93 · Cited by 403
Exploring a model of intuitive eating with college women.
Avalos, L. C., & Tylka, T. L. (2006) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.53.4.486 · Cited by 478
The Role of Television in the Construction of Consumer Reality
O’Guinn, T. C., & Shrum, L. J. (1997) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209483 · Cited by 403
Between- and within-domain relations of students' academic emotions.
Goetz, T., Frenzel, A. C., Pekrun, R. H., Hall, N. C., & Lüdtke, O. (2007) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.99.4.715 · Cited by 437
Maternal Social Support Predicts Birth Weight and Fetal Growth in Human Pregnancy
Feldman, P. J., Dunkel-Schetter, C., Sandman, C., & Wadhwa, P. (2000) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200009000-00016 · Cited by 388
The Thorny Relation Between Measurement Quality and Fit Index Cutoffs in Latent Variable Models
McNeish, D., An, J., & Hancock, G. R. (2017) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2017.1281286 · Cited by 452
Mindfulness skills and interpersonal behaviour
Dekeyser, M., Raes, F., Leijssen, M., Leysen, S., & Dewulf, D. (2008) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.11.018 · Cited by 404
Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II: Theoretical elaboration and measurement
McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington, E. L., Brown, S. W., & Hight, T. L. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.6.1586 · Cited by 1,435
Victimization in the Peer Group and Children's Academic Functioning.
Schwartz, D., Gorman, A. H., Nakamoto, J., & Toblin, R. L. (2005) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.97.3.425 · Cited by 434
Top Management Leadership and Influence on Innovation: The Role of Sociocultural Context
Elenkov, D. S., & Manev, I. M. (2005) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206304272151 · Cited by 402
Frame-of-reference effects on personality scale scores and criterion-related validity.
Schmit, M. J., Ryan, A. M., Stierwalt, S. L., & Powell, A. B. (1995) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.80.5.607 · Cited by 401
Careless Responding to Reverse-Worded Items: Implications for Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Woods, C. M. (2006) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-005-9004-7 · Cited by 402
A test of two brief measures of grandiose narcissism: The Narcissistic Personality Inventory–13 and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16.
Gentile, B., Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B. J., Reidy, D. E., Zeichner, A., & Campbell, W. K. (2013) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0033192 · Cited by 438
The Relations of Regualation and Emotionality to Resiliency and Competent Social Functioning in Elementary School Children
Eisenberg, N., Guthrie, I. K., Fabes, R. A., Reiser, M., Murphy, B. C., Holgren, R., Maszk, P., & Losoya, S. H. (1997) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131851 · Cited by 429
Perceived security and World Wide Web purchase intention
Salisbury, W. D., Pearson, R. A., Pearson, A. W., & Miller, D. W. (2001) · Industrial Management & Data Systems · doi:10.1108/02635570110390071 · Cited by 685
Human resource practices, organizational climate, and customer satisfaction
Rogg, K. L., Schmidt, D. B., Shull, C. K., & Schmitt, N. (2001) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1016/s0149-2063(01)00102-7 · Cited by 401
On specifying the null model for incremental fit indices in structural equation modeling.
Widaman, K. F., & Thompson, J. S. (2003) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.8.1.16 · Cited by 401
Development and application of a new measure of employee engagement: the ISA Engagement Scale
Soane, E., Truss, C., Alfes, K., Shantz, A. D., Rees, C., & Gatenby, M. (2012) · Human Resource Development International · doi:10.1080/13678868.2012.726542 · Cited by 469
Governance and quality of life in smart cities: Towards sustainable development goals
de Guimarães, J. C. F., Severo, E. A., Júnior, L. A. F., da Costa, W. P. L. B., & Salmoria, F. T. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119926 · Cited by 401
The Investigation of Personality Structure: Statistical Models
Finch, J. F., & West, S. G. (1997) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1006/jrpe.1997.2194 · Cited by 406
Determinants of the intention to use Internet/WWW at work: a confirmatory study
Chang, M. K., & Cheung, W. (2001) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/s0378-7206(01)00075-1 · Cited by 400
A Structural Equation Model of the Effects of Negative Affectivity, Leader-Member Exchange, and Perceived Job Mobility on In-role and Extra-role Performance: A Chinese Case
Hui, C., Law, K. S., & Chen, Z. X. (1999) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.1998.2812 · Cited by 397
Conflict Resolution Styles in Gay, Lesbian, Heterosexual Nonparent, and Heterosexual Parent Couples
Kurdek, L. A. (1994) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/352880 · Cited by 399
A Motivational Model of Work Turnover
Richer, S. F., Blanchard, C., & Vallerand, R. J. (2002) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb02065.x · Cited by 399
Children’s beliefs about intelligence and school performance
Stipek, D., & Gralinski, J. H. (1996) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.88.3.397 · Cited by 408
Coping, Stress, and the Psychological Symptoms of Children of Divorce: A Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Study
Sandler, I. N., Tein, J., & West, S. G. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00846.x · Cited by 404
Combining Activities of Daily Living with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living to Measure Functional Disability
Spector, W. D., & Fleishman, J. A. (1998) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/53b.1.s46 · Cited by 398
Testing the Difference Between Reliability Coefficients Alpha and Omega
Deng, L., & Chan, W. (2016) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164416658325 · Cited by 405
The role of neuroticism, pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear in vigilance to pain: a structural equations approach
Goubert, L., Crombez, G., & Van Damme, S. (2004) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2003.11.005 · Cited by 399
Side-bet theory and the three-component model of organizational commitment
Powell, D. M., & Meyer, J. P. (2003) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0001-8791(03)00050-2 · Cited by 397
Social support and undermining in close relationships: Their independent effects on the mental health of unemployed persons.
Vinokur, A. D., & van Ryn, M. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.350 · Cited by 397
The relationship between emotional intelligence and alexithymia
Parker, J. D. A., Taylor, G. J., & Bagby, R. M. (2001) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(00)00014-3 · Cited by 396
The Relationship between Job and Life Satisfaction: Evidence from a Remote Mining Community
Iverson, R. D., & Maguire, C. (2000) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726700536003 · Cited by 403
The strength-of-weak-ties perspective on creativity: A comprehensive examination and extension.
Baer, M. (2010) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018761 · Cited by 397

Authors: Bentler, P. M.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author: Bentler, P. M.
ORCID: Bentler, P. M.
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1990
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 238-246
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
OpenAlex: W2018201949
Cited by: 25,266
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 819 · 2025: 1270 · 2024: 1256 · 2023: 1284 · 2022: 1450 · 2021: 1427 · 2020: 1212 · 2019: 1213 · 2018: 1190 · 2017: 1105 · 2016: 1164 · 2015: 1143 · 2014: 1130 · 2013: 1110 · 2012: 998
FWCI: 84.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA01070, DA-00017, P01DA001070)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications
Keywords: comparative fit index, structural equation modeling, model fit assessment, noncentrality parameter, nested models, Wald statistic, small sample bias, model misspecification
MeSH terms: Humans, Personality Tests, Psychometrics, Reference Values, Models, Statistical

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Comparative fit indexes in structural models.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks