Cited by 25,266Psychometric Methodologies and TestingStatistical Methods and Bayesian InferenceStatistical Distribution Estimation and Applications

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Comparative fit indexes in structural models.

Bentler, P. M.·1990·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Normed and nonnormed fit indexes are frequently used as adjuncts to chi-square statistics for evaluating the fit of a structural model. A drawback of existing indexes is that they estimate no known population parameters. A new coefficient is proposed to summarize the relative reduction in the noncentrality parameters of two nested models. Two estimators of the coefficient yield new normed (CFI) and nonnormed (FI) fit indexes. CFI avoids the underestimation of fit often noted in small samples for Bentler and Bonett's (1980) normed fit index (NFI). FI is a linear function of Bentler and Bonett's non-normed fit index (NNFI) that avoids the extreme underestimation and overestimation often found in NNFI. Asymptotically, CFI, FI, NFI, and a new index developed by Bollen are equivalent measures of comparative fit, whereas NNFI measures relative fit by comparing noncentrality per degree of freedom. All of the indexes are generalized to permit use of Wald and Lagrange multiplier statistics. An example illustrates the behavior of these indexes under conditions of correct specification and misspecification. The new fit indexes perform very well at all sample sizes.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238

Cites

26 of 26 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588 · Cited by 20,015
Self-citation
EQS : structural equations program manual
Bentler, P. M. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,669
Self-citation
A Reliability Coefficient for Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis
Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02291170 · Cited by 7,330
Model Selection and Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC): The General Theory and its Analytical Extensions
Bozdogan, H. (1987) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02294361 · Cited by 4,468
Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size.
Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & McDonald, R. P. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.391 · Cited by 3,953
A New Incremental Fit Index for General Structural Equation Models
Bollen, K. A. (1989) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124189017003004 · Cited by 3,008
Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models.
Mulaik, S. A., James, L. R., Alstine, J. V., Bennett, N., Lind, S., & Stilwell, C. D. (1989) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.430 · Cited by 2,927
The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. (1984) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02294170 · Cited by 1,775
Causal Analysis: Assumptions, Models, and Data
Schriesheim, C. A., James, L. R., Muliak, S. A., & Brett, J. M. (1984) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258244 · Cited by 1,240
Sample Size Effects on Chi Square and Other Statistics Used in Evaluating Causal Models
Bearden, W. O., Sharma, S., & Teel, J. E. (1982) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151716 · Cited by 610

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 26 references

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 1,501

Foci And Bases Of Employee Commitment: Implications For Job Performance
Becker, T. E., Billings, R. S., Eveleth, D. M., & Gilbert, N. L. (1996) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/256788 · Cited by 723
Open Source Software User Communities: A Study of Participation in Linux User Groups
Bagozzi, R. P., & Dholakia, U. M. (2006) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.1060.0545 · Cited by 721
The Effect of Relational Constructs on Customer Referrals and Number of Services Purchased From a Multiservice Provider: Does Age of Relationship Matter?
Verhoef, P. C., Franses, P. H., & Hoekstra, J. C. (2002) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1177/0092070302303002 · Cited by 790
Social support in pregnancy: Psychosocial correlates of birth outcomes and postpartum depression.
Collins, N. L., Dunkel‐Schetter, C., Lobel, M., & Scrimshaw, S. C. M. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.65.6.1243 · Cited by 721
Self-linking and self-competence as dimensions of global self-esteem: Initial validation of a measure
Tafarodi, R. W., & Swann Jr., W. B. (1995) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6502_8 · Cited by 714
The Structure of Goal Contents Across 15 Cultures.
Grouzet, F. M. E., Kasser, T., Ahuvia, A., Dols, J. M. F., Kim, Y., Lau, S., Ryan, R. M., Saunders, S. A., Schmuck, P., & Sheldon, K. M. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.5.800 · Cited by 795
Improvisation and Innovative Performance in Teams
Vera, D. M., & Crossan, M. M. (2005) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1050.0126 · Cited by 757
Can self-determination theory explain what underlies the productive, satisfying learning experiences of collectivistically oriented Korean students?
Jang, H., Reeve, J., Ryan, R. M., & Kim, A. (2009) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014241 · Cited by 713
Why do high school students lack motivation in the classroom? Toward an understanding of academic amotivation and the role of social support.
Legault, L., Green‐Demers, I., & Pelletier, L. G. (2006) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.98.3.567 · Cited by 791
Drivers of innovativeness and performance for innovative SMEs in South Korea: Mediation of learning orientation
Rhee, J., Park, T., & Lee, D. H. (2010) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2009.04.008 · Cited by 710
A general factor of personality: Evidence for the Big One in the five-factor model
Musek, J. (2007) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.02.003 · Cited by 709
Initial Challenges of Caregiving During COVID-19: Caregiver Burden, Mental Health, and the Parent–Child Relationship
Russell, B. S., Hutchison, M., Tambling, R. R., Tomkunas, A. J., & Horton, A. L. (2020) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-020-01037-x · Cited by 778
Causal effects of academic self-concept on academic achievement: Structural equation models of longitudinal data.
Marsh, H. W., & Yeung, A. S. (1997) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.89.1.41 · Cited by 703
Factorial validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale short form in older population in China
Chen, H., & Mui, A. C. Y.-S. (2013) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610213001701 · Cited by 717
Assessing Goodness of Fit
Marsh, H. W., & Hau, K. (1996) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220973.1996.10806604 · Cited by 730
Factor Analysis in Counseling Psychology Research, Training, and Practice
Kahn, J. H. (2006) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000006286347 · Cited by 694
Modelling perceived quality, visitor satisfaction and behavioural intentions at the destination level
Žabkar, V., Brenčić, M. M., & Dmitrović, T. (2009) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2009.06.005 · Cited by 724
Customer‐perceived value in industrial contexts
Lapierre, J. (2000) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/08858620010316831 · Cited by 695
Caring school communities
Battistich, V., Solomon, D., Watson, M., & Schaps, E. (1997) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep3203_1 · Cited by 694
Modeling the Determinants of Customer Satisfaction for Business-to-Business Professional Services
Patterson, P. G., Johnson, L. W., & Spreng, R. A. (1996) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1177/0092070397251002 · Cited by 696
The curiosity and exploration inventory-II: Development, factor structure, and psychometrics
Kashdan, T. B., Gallagher, M. W., Silvia, P. J., Winterstein, B. P., Breen, W. E., Terhar, D., & Steger, M. F. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.04.011 · Cited by 674
“** p < .001. imation (RMSEA; Steiger & Lind, 1980), the standardized root mean residual (SRMR; Jöreskog & Sörbom, 1996), the non-normed fit index (NNFI; Bentler & Bonett, 1980), and the comparative fit index (CFI; Bentler, 1990).”
Background
Congeneric and (Essentially) Tau-Equivalent Estimates of Score Reliability
Graham, J. M. (2006) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164406288165 · Cited by 689
Modeling the effects of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, amount of reading, and past reading achievement on text comprehension between U.S. and Chinese students
Wang, J. H.-Y., & Guthrie, J. T. (2004) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.1598/rrq.39.2.2 · Cited by 741
Members' Identification with Multiple-Identity Organizations
Foreman, P. O., & Whetten, D. A. (2002) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.13.6.618.493 · Cited by 683
How emotions mediate the effects of perceived justice on loyalty in service recovery situations: an empirical study
Chebat, J., & Slusarczyk, W. (2003) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.09.005 · Cited by 686
The Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale: Development and initial validation.
Exline, J. J., Pargament, K. I., Grubbs, J. B., & Yali, A. M. (2014) · Psychology of Religion and Spirituality · doi:10.1037/a0036465 · Cited by 682
A Resource‐Based View of Strategic IT Alignment: How Knowledge Sharing Creates Competitive Advantage
Kearns, G. S., & Lederer, A. L. (2003) · Decision Sciences · doi:10.1111/1540-5915.02289 · Cited by 700
Implicit Leadership Theories in Applied Settings: Factor Structure, Generalizability, and Stability Over Time.
Epitropaki, O., & Martin, R. (2004) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.89.2.293 · Cited by 681
The Assimilation of Knowledge Platforms in Organizations: An Empirical Investigation
Purvis, R. L., Sambamurthy, V., & Zmud, R. W. (2001) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.12.2.117.10115 · Cited by 693
Revision and restandardization of the Conners Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity
Conners, C. K., Sitarenios, G., Parker, J. D. A., & Epstein, J. N. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1022606501530 · Cited by 678
Testing Structural Equation Models or Detection of Misspecifications?
Saris, W. E., Satorra, A., & van der Veld, W. M. (2009) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705510903203433 · Cited by 679
A longitudinal study of teacher burnout and perceived self-efficacy in classroom management
Brouwers, A., & Tomic, W. (2000) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/s0742-051x(99)00057-8 · Cited by 1,129
A comparative analysis of predictors of sense of place dimensions: Attachment to, dependence on, and identification with lakeshore properties
Jorgensen, B. S., & Stedman, R. C. (2005) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.08.003 · Cited by 671
The 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale
Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., & Parker, J. D. A. (2003) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00601-3 · Cited by 673
Linking employees' justice perceptions to organizational commitment and intention to leave: The mediating role of perceived organizational support
Loi, R. C. H., Ngo, H., & Foley, S. (2006) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1348/096317905x39657 · Cited by 700
A motivational model of rural students' intentions to persist in, versus drop out of, high school.
Hardre, P. L., & Reeve, J. (2003) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.95.2.347 · Cited by 669
Money Attitudes, Credit Card Use, and Compulsive Buying among American College Students
ROBERTS, J. A., & Jones, E. (2001) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6606.2001.tb00111.x · Cited by 681
Not all job demands are equal: Differentiating job hindrances and job challenges in the Job Demands–Resources model
den Broeck, A. V., Cuyper, N. D., Witte, H. D., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2010) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/13594320903223839 · Cited by 757
The effects of trust, security and privacy in social networking: A security-based approach to understand the pattern of adoption
Shin, D. (2010) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1016/j.intcom.2010.05.001 · Cited by 704
Uncertainty During Organizational Change: Types, Consequences, and Management Strategies
Bordia, P., Hobman, E., Jones, E., Gallois, C., & Callan, V. J. (2004) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1023/b:jobu.0000028449.99127.f7 · Cited by 665
Self-concordance, goal attainment, and the pursuit of happiness: Can there be an upward spiral?
Sheldon, K. M., & Houser-Marko, L. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.1.152 · Cited by 663
The Core of Darkness: Uncovering the Heart of the Dark Triad
Jones, D. N., & Figueredo, A. J. (2012) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1893 · Cited by 681
Interactivity and vividness effects on social presence and involvement with a web-based advertisement
Fortin, D. R., & Dholakia, R. R. (2003) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/s0148-2963(03)00106-1 · Cited by 659
Resilience-recovery factors in post-traumatic stress disorder among female and male Vietnam veterans: Hardiness, postwar social support, and additional stressful life events.
King, L. A., King, D. W., Fairbank, J. A., Keane, T. M., & Adams, G. A. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.2.420 · Cited by 653
Adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts: Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications.
Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., & Seeley, J. R. (1996) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1996.tb00056.x · Cited by 661
The Asian Values Scale: Development, factor analysis, validation, and reliability.
Kim, B. S. K., Atkinson, D. R., & Yang, P. H. (1999) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.46.3.342 · Cited by 649
A Short Version of the Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale: Structural and Construct Validity Across Five Countries
Rigotti, T., Schyns, B., & Mohr, G. (2008) · Journal of Career Assessment · doi:10.1177/1069072707305763 · Cited by 653
Organizational commitment: The utility of an integrative definition.
Dunham, R. B., Grube, J. A., & Castañeda, M. B. (1994) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.79.3.370 · Cited by 647
Establishing Trust in Electronic Commerce Through Online Word of Mouth: An Examination Across Genders
Awad, N. F., & Ragowsky, A. (2008) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.2753/mis0742-1222240404 · Cited by 648
Perceived Stress Scale: Reliability and Validity Study in Greece
Andreou, E., Alexopoulos, E. C., Lionis, C., Varvogli, L., Gnardellis, C., Chrousos, G. P., & Darviri, C. (2011) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph8083287 · Cited by 641
The effect of the servicescape on customers’ behavioral intentions in leisure service settings
Wakefield, K. L., & Blodgett, J. G. (1996) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/08876049610148594 · Cited by 862
A dispositional and situational assessment of children's coping: testing alternative models of coping.
Ayers, T. S., Sandler, I., West, S., & Roosa, M. (1996) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00949.x · Cited by 693
Measuring Political Legitimacy
Weatherford, M. S. (1992) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1964021 · Cited by 638
A meta-analytical structural equations analysis of a model of employee turnover.
Hom, P. W., Caranikas-Walker, F., Prussia, G. E., & Griffeth, R. W. (1992) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.77.6.890 · Cited by 638
The effects of perceived justice on recovery satisfaction, trust, word-of-mouth, and revisit intention in upscale hotels
Kim, T. T., Kim, W. G., & Kim, H.-B. (2008) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2008.04.003 · Cited by 649
Developing a community support model for tourism
Nunkoo, R., & Ramkissoon, H. R. (2011) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/j.annals.2011.01.017 · Cited by 694
Generalized Network Psychometrics: Combining Network and Latent Variable Models
Epskamp, S., Rhemtulla, M., & Borsboom, D. (2017) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/s11336-017-9557-x · Cited by 694
Defining Who You Are By What You're Not: Organizational Disidentification and The National Rifle Association
Elsbach, K. D., & Bhattacharya, C. (2001) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.12.4.393.10638 · Cited by 632
Academic self-concept and academic achievement: Developmental perspectives on their causal ordering.
Guay, F., Marsh, H. W., & Boivin, M. (2003) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.95.1.124 · Cited by 633
Effects of place attachment on users’ perceptions of social and environmental conditions in a natural setting
Kyle, G. T., Graefe, A. R., Manning, R. E., & Bacon, J. (2004) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2003.12.006 · Cited by 629
The measurement of everyday cognition (ECog): Scale development and psychometric properties.
Farias, S. T., Mungas, D., Reed, B., Cahn, D. A., Jagust, W. J., Baynes, K., & DeCarli, C. S. (2008) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.22.4.531 · Cited by 665
A model of fan identification: antecedents and sponsorship outcomes
Gwinner, K. P., & Swanson, S. R. (2003) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/08876040310474828 · Cited by 629
Exploring teachers’ perceived self efficacy and technological pedagogical content knowledge with respect to educational use of the World Wide Web
Lee, M., & Tsai, C. (2008) · Instructional Science · doi:10.1007/s11251-008-9075-4 · Cited by 695
Goal-directed Emotions
Bagozzi, R. P., & Pieters, R. G. M. (1998) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999398379754 · Cited by 652
Psychometric Validation of the English and French Versions of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)
Ashbaugh, A. R., Houle-Johnson, S., Herbert, C., El-Hage, W., & Brunet, A. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161645 · Cited by 625
The Role of Parenting Styles in Children's Problem Behavior
Aunola, K., & Nurmi, J. (2005) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00840.x-i1 · Cited by 625
The impact of electronic word of mouth on a tourism destination choice
Jalilvand, M. R., & Samiei, N. (2012) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/10662241211271563 · Cited by 734
An empirical investigation of net-enabled business value
Barua, A., Konana, P., Whinston, A. B., & Yin, F. (2004) · doi:10.5555/2017236.2017240 · Cited by 623
Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: correlation or misspecification?
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. S. (2000) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(200005)21:5 · Cited by 3,812
Construct validity of the Profile of Mood States — Adolescents for use with adults
Terry, P. C., Lane, A. M., & Fogarty, G. J. (2003) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/s1469-0292(01)00035-8 · Cited by 622
Information Processing View of Organizations: An Exploratory Examination of Fit in the Context of Interorganizational Relationships
Premkumar, G. P., Ramamurthy, K., & Saunders, C. (2005) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.1080/07421222.2003.11045841 · Cited by 628
Adding Missing-Data-Relevant Variables to FIML-Based Structural Equation Models
Graham, J. A. (2003) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1001_4 · Cited by 621
An overview of structural equation modeling: its beginnings, historical development, usefulness and controversies in the social sciences
Tarka, P. (2017) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-017-0469-8 · Cited by 720
Safety leadership: A meta‐analytic review of transformational and transactional leadership styles as antecedents of safety behaviours
Clarke, S. (2013) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.2012.02064.x · Cited by 483
Investigating the relationships among perceived value, satisfaction, and recommendations: The case of the Korean DMZ
Lee, C., Yoon, Y., & Lee, S.-K. (2006) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2005.12.017 · Cited by 625
Exploring the Dimensions of Emotional Labor
Kruml, S. M., & Geddes, D. (2000) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0893318900141002 · Cited by 619
Linking place preferences with place meaning: An examination of the relationship between place motivation and place attachment
Kyle, G. T., Mowen, A. J., & Tarrant, M. A. (2004) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2004.11.001 · Cited by 617
Motivation and dropout in female handballers: a 21-month prospective study
Sarrazin, P., Vallerand, R., Guillet, E., Pelletier, L., & Cury, F. (2002) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.98 · Cited by 616
Power, trust, social exchange and community support
Nunkoo, R., & Ramkissoon, H. R. (2011) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/j.annals.2011.11.017 · Cited by 680
Peer harassment, psychological adjustment, and school functioning in early adolescence.
Juvonen, J., Nishina, A., & Graham, S. (2000) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.92.2.349 · Cited by 655
Measuring Brand Equity: An Evaluation of a Consumer-Based Brand Equity Scale
Washburn, J. H., & Plank, R. E. (2002) · The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/10696679.2002.11501909 · Cited by 614
Defining media enjoyment as the satisfaction of intrinsic needs.
Tamborini, R., Bowman, N. D., Eden, A., Grizzard, M., & Organ, A. (2010) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01513.x · Cited by 611
A structural analysis of working memory and related cognitive skills in young children
Alloway, T. P., Gathercole, S. E., Willis, C., & Adams, A.-M. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2003.10.002 · Cited by 606
How obstacles and facilitators predict academic performance: the mediating role of study burnout and engagement
Salanova, M., Schaufeli, W., Martínez, I., & Bresó, E. (2010) · Anxiety, Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615800802609965 · Cited by 612
Conceptualizing parental autonomy support: Adolescent perceptions of promotion of independence versus promotion of volitional functioning
Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Beyers, W., & Ryan, R. M. (2007) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.633 · Cited by 608
Vendor Consideration and Switching Behavior for Buyers in High-Technology Markets
Heide, J. B., & Weiss, A. M. (1995) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/002224299505900303 · Cited by 618
Antecedents and Outcomes of Self-Determination in 3 Life Domains: The Role of Parents' and Teachers' Autonomy Support
Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2005) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-005-8948-y · Cited by 609
Examining the structural relationships of electronic word of mouth, destination image, tourist attitude toward destination and travel intention: An integrated approach
Jalilvand, M. R., Samiei, N., Dini, B., & Manzari, P. Y. (2012) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2012.10.001 · Cited by 683
Behavioral and Psychological Consequences of Boundary Spanning Burnout for Customer Service Representatives
Singh, J., Goolsby, J. R., & Rhoads, G. K. (1994) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151883 · Cited by 753
Academic self-concept and academic achievement: Developmental perspectives on their causal ordering.
Guay, F., Marsh, H. W., & Boivin, M. (2003) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-0663.95.1.124 · Cited by 884
A cross-national study of work engagement as a mediator between job resources and proactive behaviour
Salanova, M., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585190701763982 · Cited by 889
Social competence, externalizing, and internalizing behavioral adjustment from early childhood through early adolescence: Developmental cascades
Bornstein, M. H., Hahn, C., & Haynes, O. M. (2010) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579410000416 · Cited by 691
Mutuality and Reciprocity in the Psychological Contracts of Employees and Employers.
Dabos, G. E., & Rousseau, D. M. (2004) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.89.1.52 · Cited by 605
Cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized features of schizotypal personality
Raine, A., Reynolds, C., Lencz, T., Scerbo, A., Triphon, N., & Kim, D. (1994) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/20.1.191 · Cited by 595
Mobile computing acceptance factors in the healthcare industry: a structural equation model
Wu, J.-H., Wang, S.-C., & Lin, L.-M. (2007) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2006.06.006 · Cited by 603
Structural modeling of resident perceptions of tourism and associated development on the Sunshine Coast, Australia
Dyer, P., Gürsoy, D., Sharma, B., & Carter, J. (2006) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2006.04.002 · Cited by 603
Antecedents to management accounting change: a structural equation approach
Baines, A. R., & Langfield‐Smith, K. (2003) · Accounting Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/s0361-3682(02)00102-2 · Cited by 627
Manufacturing flexibility: defining and analyzing relationships among competence, capability, and customer satisfaction
Zhang, Q., Vonderembse, M. A., & Lim, J. (2002) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/s0272-6963(02)00067-0 · Cited by 600
A re-examination of socially responsible consumption and its measurement
Webb, D. J., Mohr, L. A., & Harris, K. E. (2007) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.05.007 · Cited by 613
Religion's role in adjustment to a negative life event: Coping with the loss of a child.
McIntosh, D. N., Silver, R. C., & Wortman, C. B. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.812 · Cited by 598

Authors: Bentler, P. M.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author: Bentler, P. M.
ORCID: Bentler, P. M.
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1990
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 238-246
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
OpenAlex: W2018201949
Cited by: 25,266
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 819 · 2025: 1270 · 2024: 1256 · 2023: 1284 · 2022: 1450 · 2021: 1427 · 2020: 1212 · 2019: 1213 · 2018: 1190 · 2017: 1105 · 2016: 1164 · 2015: 1143 · 2014: 1130 · 2013: 1110 · 2012: 998
FWCI: 84.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA01070, DA-00017, P01DA001070)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications
Keywords: comparative fit index, structural equation modeling, model fit assessment, noncentrality parameter, nested models, Wald statistic, small sample bias, model misspecification
MeSH terms: Humans, Personality Tests, Psychometrics, Reference Values, Models, Statistical

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Comparative fit indexes in structural models.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks