Cited by 2,053Eating Disorders and BehaviorsBody Image and Dysmorphia StudiesNutrition, Health and Food Behavior

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The role of the media in body image concerns among women: A meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies

Grabe, Shelly, Ward, L. Monique, Hyde, Janet Shibley·2008·Psychological Bulletin

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Abstract

Research suggests that exposure to mass media depicting the thin-ideal body may be linked to body image disturbance in women. This meta-analysis examined experimental and correlational studies testing the links between media exposure to women's body dissatisfaction, internalization of the thin ideal, and eating behaviors and beliefs with a sample of 77 studies that yielded 141 effect sizes. The mean effect sizes were small to moderate (ds = -.28, -.39, and -.30, respectively). Effects for some outcome variables were moderated by publication year and study design. The findings support the notion that exposure to media images depicting the thin-ideal body is related to body image concerns for women.

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“This is reinforced by the pervasive emphasis on women’s attractiveness (e.g., Downs & Harrison, 1985; Grabe et al., 2008) and supported by the idea that attractiveness is associated with the feminine ideal (Banet-Weiser, 1999; Jones, 2010).”
Revisiting Self-Objectification Among Black Women: The Importance of Eurocentric Beauty Norms
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“For example, compared to male characters, female characters in mainstream media were more likely to be targets of sexual objecti ﬁ cation through sexual comments, sexually pro-vocative out ﬁ ts, and the enactment of sexually suggestive behaviors (Grabe et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
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“Pooled evidence suggested that women in particular are suffering from a hazardous influence from exposure to popular media in terms of body dissatisfaction, internalization of thinness ideals and disordered eating (11,12).”
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“Furthermore, self-objectification has been associated with a greater prevalence of self-harming behaviors (Harrell, Fredrickson, Pomerleau, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006; Muehlenkamp, Swanson, & Brausch, 2005), women’s attitude for body manipulation via cosmetic surgery (Calogero, Pina, Park, & Rahemptulla, 2010), and higher…”
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Unveiled
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“Elle, Vogue, and InStyle) has been correlated with negative moods and higher body dissatisfaction in women (Grabe et al., 2008; Hawkins et al., 2004; López-Guimerà et al., 2010).”
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“…eating disorders are often binarized, making it seem as though there is a direct correlation between body size and behaviors around food (e.g. Grabe et al., 2008) in a way that undermines the complexity of the relationship between behaviors around good, body size, and distress, (Allison…”
Background
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“In line with results of metaanalyses (Groesz et al., 2002; Grabe et al., 2008; Want, 2009), body satisfaction declined in the experimental condition and not in the control condition.”
BackgroundResult
Gender Differences in Body Image Dissatisfaction and Eating Disorder among Nepalese Adolescents: a Paradigm Shift from Fatness to Thinness
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Background
Online Victimization, Womanism, and Body Esteem among Young Black Women: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
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“, thinness) has been linked to lower body esteem among women (Grabe et al., 2008).”
Background
How we compare: A new approach to assess aspects of the comparison process for appearance-based standards and their associations with individual differences in wellbeing and personality measures
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“This indicates that while downward standards are utilised, they are less salient in appearance comparisons, supporting previous findings that they are not as common as upward standards [63,64].”
Result
Risk of eating disorders and the relationship with interest in modern culture among young female students in a university in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
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“In fact, exposure to TV and magazines is correlated with body image dissatisfaction [26, 27].”
Background
Redefining Beauty: A Qualitative Study Exploring Adult Women's Motivations for Lip Filler Resulting in Anatomical Distortion
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Authors: Grabe, S., Ward, L. M., & Hyde, J. S.
Affiliations: University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
University of Michigan (US)
ORCID: Grabe, Shelly
Ward, L. Monique
Hyde, Janet Shibley
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2008
Volume: 134
Issue: 3
Pages: 460-476
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.134.3.460
OpenAlex: W2100351233
Cited by: 2,053
References: 168
Citations by year: 2026: 81 · 2025: 144 · 2024: 120 · 2023: 120 · 2022: 104 · 2021: 163 · 2020: 150 · 2019: 139 · 2018: 148 · 2017: 149 · 2016: 132 · 2015: 123 · 2014: 109 · 2013: 119 · 2012: 86
FWCI: 9.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (F32MH7197102)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Keywords: media exposure, body image, thin ideal, body dissatisfaction, women, dietary habits, media image
MeSH terms: Adult, Body Image, Culture, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Mass Media, Self Concept, Social Behavior

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The role of the media in body image concerns among women: A meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies

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