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The role of the media in body image concerns among women: A meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies
Abstract
Research suggests that exposure to mass media depicting the thin-ideal body may be linked to body image disturbance in women. This meta-analysis examined experimental and correlational studies testing the links between media exposure to women's body dissatisfaction, internalization of the thin ideal, and eating behaviors and beliefs with a sample of 77 studies that yielded 141 effect sizes. The mean effect sizes were small to moderate (ds = -.28, -.39, and -.30, respectively). Effects for some outcome variables were moderated by publication year and study design. The findings support the notion that exposure to media images depicting the thin-ideal body is related to body image concerns for women.
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“These studies often revealed a relation between exposure to the thin ideal and a negative body image among young girls and women (e.g., Grabe, Ward, & Hyde, 2008; Halliwell & Dittmar, 2004; Irving, 1990;).”
From Picture Perfect: The Direct Effect of Manipulated Instagram Photos on Body Image in Adolescent Girls (2018) · cites this paper as Grabe, Ward, & Hyde, 2008
In the citing paper
“Media platforms have had a major impact on Body image, as there is strong evidence suggesting the negative effects of objectifying beauty standards presented on mass media such as TV and Magazines2.”
From Association between beauty standards shaped by social media and body dysmorphia among Egyptian medical students (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Several studies suggest that the media are important risk factors for adolescents' body dissatisfaction (e.g., Grabe, Ward, & Hyde, 2008).”
From The reciprocal and indirect relationships between passive Facebook use, comparison on Facebook, and adolescents' body dissatisfaction (2017) · cites this paper as Grabe et al., 2008
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“This relationship between AC and BID has typically and consistently been demonstrated in the context of conventional media images [9, 10], whereby women exposed to magazine or television images of ‘thin-ideal’ models and celebrities engage in appearance-related comparisons and experience greater BID [6, 11–18].”
BackgroundSex Objects, Athletes, and Sexy Athletes
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When it comes to pay, do the thin win? The effect of weight on pay for men and women.
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The effect of viewing ultra-fit images on college women's body dissatisfaction
Homan, K. J., McHugh, E., Wells, D. S., Watson, C., & King, C. (2011) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.07.006 · Cited by 198
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Metadata
- Authors
- Grabe, S., Ward, L. M., & Hyde, J. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 134
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 460-476
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2100351233
- Cited by
- 2,053
- References
- 168
- Citations by year
- 2026: 81 · 2025: 144 · 2024: 120 · 2023: 120 · 2022: 104 · 2021: 163 · 2020: 150 · 2019: 139 · 2018: 148 · 2017: 149 · 2016: 132 · 2015: 123 · 2014: 109 · 2013: 119 · 2012: 86
- FWCI
- 9.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (F32MH7197102)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- media exposure, body image, thin ideal, body dissatisfaction, women, dietary habits, media image
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Image, Culture, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Mass Media, Self Concept, Social Behavior
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