Cited by 2,053Eating Disorders and BehaviorsBody Image and Dysmorphia StudiesNutrition, Health and Food Behavior

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The role of the media in body image concerns among women: A meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies

Grabe, Shelly, Ward, L. Monique, Hyde, Janet Shibley·2008·Psychological Bulletin

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Abstract

Research suggests that exposure to mass media depicting the thin-ideal body may be linked to body image disturbance in women. This meta-analysis examined experimental and correlational studies testing the links between media exposure to women's body dissatisfaction, internalization of the thin ideal, and eating behaviors and beliefs with a sample of 77 studies that yielded 141 effect sizes. The mean effect sizes were small to moderate (ds = -.28, -.39, and -.30, respectively). Effects for some outcome variables were moderated by publication year and study design. The findings support the notion that exposure to media images depicting the thin-ideal body is related to body image concerns for women.

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“A considerable amount of research has revealed the effect of media exposure on body ideals in both women and men, adults, adolescents, and children (Fardouly & Vartanian, 2016; Grabe et al., 2008; Harrison & Hefner, 2006; Tiggemann & Zaccardo, 2015).”
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“The Pilates participant’s experience further supports this, as societal standards lead them to regulate their diet and exercise routines to align with perceived ideals (Grabe et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluential
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“Social media is also a high impact factor which is linked to body image disturbance especially in women (Grabe et al., 2008).”
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“Decades of studies have documented the negative effects of exposure to idealized images on body image (Grabe et al., 2008), and the quite robust role of state appearance comparison as a mediator in this link has also been demonstrated through experimental studies (Fioravanti et al., 2022).”
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“There is a strong emphasis on female weight loss in western media and society and a corresponding high demand on women to lose or not gain weight in the industrialized west [24–26].”
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“Although a wealth of research has examined the role of the media in youth's desire to be thin (see for a review Grabe, Ward, & Hyde, 2008 ), little research investigated the link between the media and youth's desire to be tan.”
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“In addition, exposure to thin-ideal images in the media and thin-ideal internalization (i.e. making ideal bodies a personal goal) have been shown to have particularly adverse effects on body image development among females (Grabe et al., 2008; Thompson and Stice, 2001).”
Background
Association of socio-culture factors with disordered eating behavior: An empirical study on urban young girls of West Bengal, India
Ganguly, N., Roy, S., & Mukhopadhyay, S. (2018) · Anthropological Review · doi:10.2478/anre-2018-0032 · Cited by 11
“2007), body weight concern (Demarest and Allen 2000; Grabe et al. 2008), media habits (Field et al.”
Background
Looking down on Others to Feel Good about the Self: The Exposure Effects of Online Model Pictures on Men’s Self-Esteem
Pan, W., & Peña, J. F. (2019) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2019.1584780 · Cited by 11
“However, most early studies use printed photos, magazines, TV commercials, and music video as stimuli (Grabe et al., 2008), whereas individuals are nowadays exposed to online media platforms rather than traditional outlets (Tiggemann & Slater, 2013).”
Background
Public perceptions of Internet‐based health scams, and factors that promote engagement with them
Garrett, B., Mallia, E., & Anthony, J. S. (2019) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.12772 · Cited by 11

Authors: Grabe, S., Ward, L. M., & Hyde, J. S.
Affiliations: University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
University of Michigan (US)
ORCID: Grabe, Shelly
Ward, L. Monique
Hyde, Janet Shibley
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2008
Volume: 134
Issue: 3
Pages: 460-476
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.134.3.460
OpenAlex: W2100351233
Cited by: 2,053
References: 168
Citations by year: 2026: 81 · 2025: 144 · 2024: 120 · 2023: 120 · 2022: 104 · 2021: 163 · 2020: 150 · 2019: 139 · 2018: 148 · 2017: 149 · 2016: 132 · 2015: 123 · 2014: 109 · 2013: 119 · 2012: 86
FWCI: 9.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (F32MH7197102)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Keywords: media exposure, body image, thin ideal, body dissatisfaction, women, dietary habits, media image
MeSH terms: Adult, Body Image, Culture, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Mass Media, Self Concept, Social Behavior

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The role of the media in body image concerns among women: A meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies

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