The DOI matches its Crossref record; 125 of the 126 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion
Abstract
In this chapter a theory of motivation and emotion developed from an attributional perspective is presented. Before undertaking this central task, it might be beneficial to review the progression of the book. In Chapter 1 it was suggested that causal attributions have been prevalent throughout history and in disparate cultures. Studies reviewed in Chapter 2 revealed a large number of causal ascriptions within motivational domains, and different ascriptions in disparate domains. Yet some attributions, particularly ability and effort in the achievement area, dominate causal thinking. To compare and contrast causes such as ability and effort, their common denominators or shared properties were identified. Three causal dimensions, examined in Chapter 3, are locus, stability, and controllability, with intentionality and globality as other possible causal properties. As documented in Chapter 4, the perceived stability of a cause influences the subjective probability of success following a previous success or failure; causes perceived as enduring increase the certainty that the prior outcome will be repeated in the future. And all the causal dimensions, as well as the outcome of an activity and specific causes, influence the emotions experienced after attainment or nonattainment of a goal. The affects linked to causal dimensions include pride (with locus), hopelessness and resignation (with stability), and anger, gratitude, guilt, pity, and shame (with controllability).
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Thus, following outcome appraisal, learners attribute their success or failure based on three dimensions: locus of causality (internal vs. external), stability (stable vs. unstable), and controllability (controllable vs. uncontrollable), which are associated with a specific emotion (Weiner, 1985).”
In the citing paper
“Self-esteem (pride) is linked with an internal locus of causality, such as ability, which is stable but uncontrollable.”
In the citing paper
“Outcome appraisal is characterized by a sequence of linking the perceived success or failure with a positive or negative emotion.”
In the citing paper
“Both self-esteem and guilt are intrinsically directed emotions, which may affect learners' motivation through causal attribution and activate adaptive behaviors (Weiner, 1985) for regulation of attention.”
In the citing paper
“Among the implicit strategies, outcome appraisal (Weiner, 1985) is the major implicit activity in this genre.”
In the citing paper
“Guilt is derived from a controllable cause, such as efforts, which are directed inward but are unstable.”
In the citing paper
“Causal attribution, which follows the outcome appraisal, may have implication for university students' regulation of their attention.”
In the citing paper
“By linking the perceived success or failure of attention with a positive or negative emotion, learners are engaged in causal attribution of their attention outcome based on Weiner (1985).”
In the citing paper
“sustaining motivation,4”
From Two prefrontal-subcortical circuits estimate controllability and reflect its impact on learning (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“The result is cynicism towards change since employees do not believe themselves able to affect change outcomes.”
From Creating a workforce of fatigued cynics? A randomized controlled trial of implementing an algorithmic decision-making support tool (2024) · cites this paper as Weiner, 1985
In the citing paper
“According to the self-serving bias, the human operator would likely distort the trust adjustment process to maintain self-esteem, by appreciating the correct recommendation less than they should have done in Pattern 3.”
From Toward Quantifying Trust Dynamics: How People Adjust Their Trust After Moment-to-Moment Interaction With Automation (2023) · cites this paper as Weiner, 1985
In the citing paper
“O trabalho de elaboração, revisão e refinamento do instrumento foi baseado na literatura da área (Piccinini, 1989;Ryan & Deci, 2000;Weiner, 1985) e também nos resultados obtidos por meio de um estudo piloto.”
From Orientações motivacionais, crenças educacionais e desempenho escolar de estudantes do ensino fundamental (2010) · cites this paper as Weiner, 1985
In the citing paper
“Gender differences in response styles may become evident during adolescence and girls are more likely to use ruminative coping and response styles [37], that include repetitive or frequent negative thinking, and internal versus external attribution of negative experiences [38], which can increase the risk of depressive symptoms.”
From Social Media Use and Depressive Symptoms Among United States Adolescents (2021) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“Moral emotions are cognitively multi-faceted (Eisenberg, 2000) and entail complex causal attributions (Weiner, 1985), such as who caused an outcome.”
From Affective Cognition and its Disruption in Mood Disorders (2011) · cites this paper as Weiner, 1985
Citations
Cites
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Rotter, J. B. (1966) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0092976 · Cited by 21,937
The psychology of interpersonal relations
Heider, F. (1958) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2089062 · Cited by 17,189
The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism
Trivers, R. L. (1971) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/406755 · Cited by 11,010
Psychological stress and the coping process
Lazarus, R. S. (1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,164
Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation.
Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.87.1.49 · Cited by 7,121
Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.
Schachter, S., & Singer, J. (1962) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0046234 · Cited by 6,223
Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.
White, R. W. (1963) · Scott, Foresman eBooks · doi:10.1037/14156-005 · Cited by 4,835
Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion.
Smith, C. A., & Ellsworth, P. C. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.813 · Cited by 4,273
Bower, G. H. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.2.129 · Cited by 4,154
A DYNAMIC THEORY OF PERSONALITY
Lewin, K. (1936) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-193611000-00051 · Cited by 3,779
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990) · Imagination, Cognition and Personality · doi:10.2190/dugg-p24e-52wk-6cdg · Cited by 10,484
Motivational beliefs, values, and goals
Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135153 · Cited by 7,587
Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation
Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J. S. (2000) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1015 · Cited by 7,383
Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion.
Russell, J. A. (2003) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.110.1.145 · Cited by 6,113
Pekrun, R. (2006) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-006-9029-9 · Cited by 5,566
Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.878 · Cited by 7,364
Evaluating Service Encounters: The Effects of Physical Surroundings and Employee Responses
Bitner, M. J. (1990) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1251871 · Cited by 5,125
The Empowerment Process: Integrating Theory and Practice
Conger, J. A., & KANUNGO, R. N. (1988) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1988.4306983 · Cited by 4,574
Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Titz, W., & Perry, R. P. (2002) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep3702_4 · Cited by 3,931
Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.84.2.377 · Cited by 3,826
Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression.
Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.96.2.358 · Cited by 3,722
Self-Efficacy: A Theoretical Analysis of Its Determinants and Malleability
Gist, M. E., & Mitchell, T. R. (1992) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1992.4279530 · Cited by 3,713
Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma.
Crocker, J., & Major, B. (1989) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.4.608 · Cited by 3,426
The Theory of Planned Behavior: A Review of its Applications to Health-Related Behaviors
Godin, G., & Kok, G. (1996) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-11.2.87 · Cited by 3,185
Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1987) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2410010304 · Cited by 3,053
Coombs, W. T. (2007) · Corporate Reputation Review · doi:10.1057/palgrave.crr.1550049 · Cited by 2,823
CROWDSOURCING A WORD–EMOTION ASSOCIATION LEXICON
Mohammad, S. M., & Turney, P. D. (2012) · Computational Intelligence · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8640.2012.00460.x · Cited by 2,901
Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., & Harvey, R. D. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.1.135 · Cited by 2,623
Cuddy, A. J. C., Fiske, S. T., & Glick, P. (2008) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(07)00002-0 · Cited by 2,682
Lepine, J. A., Podsakoff, N. P., & Lepine, M. A. (2005) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2005.18803921 · Cited by 2,438
Implicit Theories and Their Role in Judgments and Reactions: A Word From Two Perspectives
Dweck, C. S., Chiu, C., & Hong, Y. (1995) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0604_1 · Cited by 2,607
Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2020) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101859 · Cited by 2,368
Relations among emotion, appraisal, and emotional action readiness
Frijda, N. H., Kuipers, P., & ter Schure, E. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.2.212 · Cited by 2,379
Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Frenzel, A. C., Barchfeld, P., & Perry, R. P. (2011) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2010.10.002 · Cited by 2,248
Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review
Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0018807 · Cited by 2,200
Frijda, N. H. (1988) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.43.5.349 · Cited by 2,724
Development of Achievement Motivation
Wigfield, A., Eccles, J. S., Schiefele, U., Roeser, R. W., & Davis-Kean, P. E. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0315 · Cited by 1,874
Handbook of Self-Regulation of Learning and Performance
(2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315697048 · Cited by 1,978
A guide to constructs of control.
Skinner, E. A. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.3.549 · Cited by 1,931
Jacobs, J. E., Lanza, S. T., Osgood, D. W., Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00421 · Cited by 1,800
The development of achievement task values: A theoretical analysis
Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J. S. (1992) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/0273-2297(92)90011-p · Cited by 1,717
Response Determinants in Satisfaction Judgments
Oliver, R. L., & DeSarbo, W. S. (1988) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209131 · Cited by 1,682
Frustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation.
Berkowitz, L. (1989) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.106.1.59 · Cited by 2,283
Praise for intelligence can undermine children's motivation and performance.
Mueller, C. M., & Dweck, C. S. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.33 · Cited by 1,709
Amstad, F. T., Meier, L. L., Fasel, U., Elfering, A., & Semmer, N. K. (2011) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022170 · Cited by 1,654
McCullough, M. E., Kilpatrick, S. D., Emmons, R. A., & Larson, D. B. (2001) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.249 · Cited by 1,698
Psychological Implications of Customer Participation in Co-Production
Bendapudi, N. M., & Leone, R. P. (2003) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jmkg.67.1.14.18592 · Cited by 1,491
Cognitive and affective trust in service relationships
Johnson, D. S., & Grayson, K. A. (2003) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/s0148-2963(03)00140-1 · Cited by 1,493
The price is unfair! A conceptual framework of price fairness perceptions
Xia, L., Monroe, K. B., & Cox, J. L. (2004) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jmkg.68.4.1.42733 · Cited by 1,474
TARGET ARTICLE: "Putting the Self Into Self-Conscious Emotions: A Theoretical Model"
Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2004) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1502_01 · Cited by 1,462
The dynamic architecture of emotion: Evidence for the component process model
Scherer, K. R. (2009) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930902928969 · Cited by 1,553
Hankin, B. L., & Abramson, L. Y. (2001) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.6.773 · Cited by 1,343
Skinner, E. A., Kindermann, T. A., & Furrer, C. J. (2009) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164408323233 · Cited by 1,587
Customer loyalty and complex services
Andreassen, T. W., & Lindestad, B. (1998) · International Journal of Service Industry Management · doi:10.1108/09564239810199923 · Cited by 1,344
The Impact of Classroom Evaluation Practices on Students
Crooks, T. J. (1988) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543058004438 · Cited by 1,369
An attributional analysis of reactions to stigmas
Weiner, B., Perry, R. P., & Magnusson, J. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.55.5.738 · Cited by 1,793
Self-citationHow do adolescents see their future? A review of the development of future orientation and planning
Nurmi, J. (1991) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/0273-2297(91)90002-6 · Cited by 1,376
An Affect Theory of Social Exchange
Lawler, E. J. (2001) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/324071 · Cited by 1,258
Pekrun, R., Elliot, A. J., & Maier, M. A. (2009) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013383 · Cited by 1,255
The Control-Value Theory of Achievement Emotions
Pekrun, R. H., Frenzel, A. C., Goetz, T., & Perry, R. P. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012372545-5/50003-4 · Cited by 1,413
Pekrun, R. H., Goetz, T., Daniels, L. M., Stupnisky, R. H., & Perry, R. P. (2010) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019243 · Cited by 1,330
The Perceived Fairness of Selection Systems: An Organizational Justice Perspective
Gilliland, S. W. (1993) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258595 · Cited by 1,185
Hyde, J. S., Mezulis, A. H., & Abramson, L. Y. (2008) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.115.2.291 · Cited by 1,146
Academic Emotions and Student Engagement
Pekrun, R., & Linnenbrink-Garcia, L. (2012) · Handbook of Research on Student Engagement · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_12 · Cited by 1,181
Strong evidence for universals in facial expressions: A reply to Russell's mistaken critique.
Ekman, P. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.115.2.268 · Cited by 1,130
Basic Emotions, Natural Kinds, Emotion Schemas, and a New Paradigm
Izard, C. E. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00044.x · Cited by 1,110
The psychological structure of pride: A tale of two facets.
Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.506 · Cited by 1,219
Exploring the "planning fallacy": Why people underestimate their task completion times.
Buehler, R., Griffin, D. W., & Ross, M. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.366 · Cited by 1,105
Achievement Emotions and Academic Performance: Longitudinal Models of Reciprocal Effects
Pekrun, R., Lichtenfeld, S., Marsh, H. W., Murayama, K., & Goetz, T. (2017) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12704 · Cited by 1,091
Classroom Belonging among Early Adolescent Students: Relationships to Motivation and Achievement
Goodenow, C. (1993) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431693013001002 · Cited by 1,614
Motivation to learn: an overview of contemporary theories
Cook, D. A., & Artino, A. R. (2016) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.13074 · Cited by 1,382
Recent Attribution Research in Consumer Behavior: A Review and New Directions
Folkes, V. S. (1988) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209135 · Cited by 1,042
Goal Setting and Self-Efficacy During Self-Regulated Learning
Schunk, D. H. (1990) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep2501_6 · Cited by 1,098
CURRENT RESEARCH IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Markovsky, B. (1996) · Cited by 994
Watkins, P. C., Woodward, K., Stone, T., & Kolts, R. L. (2003) · Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.2003.31.5.431 · Cited by 969
The Two Facets of Collaboration: Cooperation and Coordination in Strategic Alliances
Gulati, R., Wohlgezogen, F., & Zhelyazkov, P. (2012) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520.2012.691646 · Cited by 768
Research in Organizational Behavior: An Annual Series of Analytical Essays and Critical Reviews
Staw, B. M., Cummings, L. L., Stutton, R. I., Kramer, R. M., & Brief, A. P. (1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 949
Waiting for Service: The Relationship between Delays and Evaluations of Service
Taylor, S. F. (1994) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/002224299405800205 · Cited by 947
Social Cognitive Theory and Self-Regulated Learning
Schunk, D. H. (1989) · Springer series in cognitive development · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3618-4_4 · Cited by 935
Winkielman, P., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.6.989 · Cited by 983
Appraisal Determinants of Emotions: Constructing a More Accurate and Comprehensive Theory
Roseman, I. J. (1996) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999396380240 · Cited by 979
Attributions in marriage: Review and critique.
Bradbury, T. N., & Fincham, F. D. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.1.3 · Cited by 925
A Motivated Exploration of Motivation Terminology
Murphy, P. K., & Alexander, P. A. (2000) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1019 · Cited by 986
Mental health stigma as social attribution: Implications for research methods and attitude change.
Corrigan, P. W. (2000) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.7.1.48 · Cited by 954
The Role of Customer Gratitude in Relationship Marketing
Palmatier, R. W., Jarvis, C. B., Bechkoff, J. R., & Kardes, F. R. (2009) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jmkg.73.5.1 · Cited by 912
Crowdsourcing New Product Ideas over Time: An Analysis of the Dell IdeaStorm Community
Bayus, B. L. (2012) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.1120.1599 · Cited by 951
Appraisal components, core relational themes, and the emotions
Smith, C. A., & Lazarus, R. S. (1993) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939308409189 · Cited by 1,302
Attributional Thoughts about Consumer Behavior
Weiner, B. L. (2000) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/317592 · Cited by 903
Self-citationBeyond simple pessimism: Effects of sadness and anger on social perception.
Keltner, D. J., Ellsworth, P. C., & Edwards, K. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.64.5.740 · Cited by 923
Weinberger, A., & Fischer, F. (2005) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2005.04.003 · Cited by 948
Appraisal determinants of discrete emotions
Roseman, I. J. (1991) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939108411034 · Cited by 916
When Professionals Become Mothers, Warmth Doesn't Cut the Ice
Cuddy, A. J. C., Fiske, S. T., & Glick, P. (2004) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00381.x · Cited by 880
A little thanks goes a long way: explaining why gratitude expressions motivate prosocial behavior
Grant, A. M., & Gino, F. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017935 · Cited by 870
What can be learned from growth mindset controversies?
Yeager, D. S., & Dweck, C. S. (2020) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000794 · Cited by 868
Shame, guilt, and depressive symptoms: A meta-analytic review.
Kim, S., Thibodeau, R., & Jorgensen, R. S. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0021466 · Cited by 866
The Development of an Attribution-Based Theory of Motivation: A History of Ideas
WEINER, B. (2010) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520903433596 · Cited by 868
Self-citationFour systems for emotion activation: Cognitive and noncognitive processes.
Izard, C. E. (1993) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.100.1.68 · Cited by 894
Hong, J. Y. (2010) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2010.06.003 · Cited by 967
Appraisals of emotion-eliciting events: Testing a theory of discrete emotions.
Roseman, I. J., Spindel, M. S., & Jose, P. E. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.899 · Cited by 827
Emotion, cognitive structure, and action tendency
Frijda, N. H. (1987) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699938708408043 · Cited by 824
Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J. S. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012750053-9/50006-1 · Cited by 870
Social stigma: The affective consequences of attributional ambiguity.
Crocker, J., Voelkl, K. E., Testa, M., & Major, B. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.2.218 · Cited by 800
Meece, J. L., Glienke, B. B., & Burg, S. (2006) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2006.04.004 · Cited by 805
Proneness to shame, proneness to guilt, and psychopathology.
Tangney, J. P., Wagner, P., & Gramzow, R. H. (1992) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.101.3.469 · Cited by 793
What Have We Learned from Five Decades of Neutralization Research?
Maruna, S., & Copes, H. (2005) · Crime and Justice · doi:10.1086/655355 · Cited by 791
Beyond a Two-Goal Theory of Motivation and Achievement: A Case for Social Goals
Urdan, T., & Maehr, M. L. (1995) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543065003213 · Cited by 829
Self-efficacy and achievement behaviors
Schunk, D. H. (1989) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/bf01320134 · Cited by 819
When the social self is threatened: shame, physiology, and health
Dickerson, S. S., Gruenewald, T. L., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00295.x · Cited by 732
Exploring the Psychology of Interest
Silvia, P. J. (2006) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158557.001.0001 · Cited by 756
Martin, A. J. (2006) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1348/000709906x118036 · Cited by 739
Metadata
- Authors
- Weiner, B.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Weiner, Bernard
- Venue
- Psychological Review
- Published
- 1985
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 548-573
- ISSN
- 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1471
- OpenAlex
- W2018255452
- Cited by
- 7,846
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 505 · 2025: 372 · 2024: 301 · 2023: 373 · 2022: 351 · 2021: 356 · 2020: 324 · 2019: 373 · 2018: 342 · 2017: 321 · 2016: 322 · 2015: 314 · 2014: 326 · 2013: 281 · 2012: 273
- FWCI
- 64.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH38014)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- attribution theory, achievement motivation, emotions, causal attribution, controllability, ability attribution, effort attribution, success and failure, pride, hopelessness, resignation, anger, guilt, shame, gratitude, pity, emotion and motivation
- MeSH terms
- Achievement, Anger, Aptitude, Criminal Law, Decision Making, Emotions, Guilt, Helping Behavior, Humans, Internal-External Control, Motivation, Psychological Theory, Shame, Smoking
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
