The Perceived Fairness of Selection Systems: An Organizational Justice Perspective
Abstract
A justice model of applicants' reactions to employment-selection systems is proposed as a basis for organizing previous findings and guiding future research. Organizational justice literature is briefly reviewed, and key findings are used to provide a framework for the proposed model and to support hypotheses. The procedural justice of selection systems is examined in terms of 10 procedural rules, wherein the satisfaction and violation of these rules provide the basis for fairness reactions. Distributive justice of hiring decisions is examined with respect to equity, equality, and needs. The model also includes the interaction of procedural and distributive justice and the relationship of fairness reactions to individual and organizational outcomes.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
A BEHAVIORAL MODEL OF RATIONAL CHOICE
Simon, H. A. (1955) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/1884852 · Cited by 15,877 · see citing works
Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology.
Hammer, T. H., Anderson, J. F., Gurdon, M. A., Jick, T. D., Petit, A., Stern, R. N., Schwartz, H., Vardi, Y., & Dunnette, M. D. (1977) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2391755 · Cited by 11,947 · see citing works
Adams, J. S. (1965) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60108-2 · Cited by 10,818 · see citing works
An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion
Weiner, B. (1985) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.92.4.548 · Cited by 7,846 · see citing works
The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice
Lind, E. A., & Tyler, T. R. (1988) · Critical Issues in Social Justice · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2115-4 · Cited by 6,585 · see citing works
Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology
(1993) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-5278 · Cited by 5,483 · see citing works
Schneider, B. (1987) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1987.tb00609.x · Cited by 4,634 · see citing works
Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment.
Cherniak, C., Nisbett, R. E., & Ross, L. D. (1983) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2184495 · Cited by 4,196 · see citing works
Organizational Justice: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
Greenberg, J. (1990) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920639001600208 · Cited by 3,666 · see citing works
Self-Efficacy: A Theoretical Analysis of Its Determinants and Malleability
Gist, M. E., & Mitchell, T. R. (1992) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1992.4279530 · Cited by 3,570 · see citing works
Moorman, R. H. (1991) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-9010.76.6.845 · Cited by 3,422 · see citing works
Elimination by aspects: A theory of choice
Tversky, A. (1972) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0032955 · Cited by 3,365 · see citing works
What Should Be Done with Equity Theory?
Leventhal, G. S. (1980) · Social Exchange · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3087-5_2 · Cited by 3,010 · see citing works
Procedural Justice: A Psychological Analysis
Caldeira, G. A., Thibaut, J. W., Walker, L., & Nagel, S. S. (1976) · The Western Political Quarterly · doi:10.2307/448155 · Cited by 2,907 · see citing works
Procedural Justice: A Psychological Analysis
Thibaut, J. W., & Walker, L. (1975) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,895 · see citing works
Miller, G. A., & Cantor, N. E. (1982) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.1982.1.1.83 · Cited by 2,862 · see citing works
Deutsch, M. (1975) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1975.tb01000.x · Cited by 2,783 · see citing works
Interactional justice : communication criteria of fairness
Bies, R. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,737 · see citing works
Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment.
Connolly, T., Nisbett, R. E., & Ross, L. D. (1981) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392481 · Cited by 2,682 · see citing works
EFFECTS OF PROCEDURAL AND DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE ON REACTIONS TO PAY RAISE DECISIONS.
Folger, R. G., & Konovsky, M. A. (1989) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256422 · Cited by 2,503 · see citing works
A Taxonomy of Organizational Justice Theories
Greenberg, J. (1987) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1987.4306437 · Cited by 2,309 · see citing works
Validity and utility of alternative predictors of job performance.
Hunter, J. E., & Hunter, R. F. (1984) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.96.1.72 · Cited by 2,107 · see citing works
Research on Negotiation in Organizations
Lewicki, R. J. (1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,916 · see citing works
Leventhal, G. S. (1976) · Cited by 1,783 · see citing works
Employee theft as a reaction to underpayment inequity: The hidden cost of pay cuts.
Greenberg, J. (1990) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.75.5.561 · Cited by 1,648 · see citing works
Personnel Selection in Organizations
Murphy, K. R., Schmitt, N., & Borman, W. C. (1993) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258598 · Cited by 1,639 · see citing works
Zinkus, P. W. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1797-5_8 · Cited by 1,519 · see citing works
Motivation theory and industrial and organizational psychology.
Kanfer, R. (1990) · Cited by 1,309 · see citing works
Konovsky, M. A., & Cropanzano, R. (1991) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.76.5.698 · Cited by 987 · see citing works
The role of procedural and distributive justice in organizational behavior
Alexander, S., & Ruderman, M. N. (1987) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/bf01048015 · Cited by 896 · see citing works
Determinants of perceived fairness of performance evaluations.
Greenberg, J. (1986) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.71.2.340 · Cited by 831 · see citing works
The harassed decision maker: Time pressures, distractions, and the use of evidence.
Wright, P. R. (1974) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0037186 · Cited by 774 · see citing works
THE IMPORTANCE OF RECRUITMENT IN JOB CHOICE: A DIFFERENT WAY OF LOOKING
Rynes, S. L., Bretz, R. D., & Gerhart, B. A. (1991) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1991.tb02402.x · Cited by 739 · see citing works
Organizational behavior and human performance
ScienceDirect (1984) · Cited by 717 · see citing works
Social comparison, self-consistency, and the concept of self.
Morse, S., & Gergen, K. J. (1970) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0029862 · Cited by 668 · see citing works
Process descriptions of decision making
Svenson, O. (1979) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(79)90048-5 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Recruitment, Job Choice, and Post-Hire Consequences: A Call For New Research DirectionsPreprint
Rynes, S. L. (1989) · eCommons (Cornell University) · Cited by 620 · see citing works
VOICE AND JUSTIFICATION: THEIR INFLUENCE ON PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS JUDGMENTS.
Bies, R. J., & Shapiro, D. L. (1988) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256465 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Determinants of perceived fairness of performance evaluations
Singh, A. K. (1986) · Journal of Applied Psychology · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Schmitt, N., Gooding, R. Z., Noe, R. A., & Kirsch, M. P. (1984) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1984.tb00519.x · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management
Buckley, M. R., Wheeler, A. R., & Halbesleben, J. R. B. (2016) · Research in personnel and human resources management · doi:10.1108/s0742-730120160000034003 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Reactions to procedural injustice in payment distributions: Do the means justify the ends?
Greenberg, J. (1987) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.72.1.55 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Organizational Entry: Recruitment, Selection, and Socialization of Newcomers.
Burack, E. H., & Wanous, J. P. (1982) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · doi:10.2307/2522684 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
APPLICANT REACTIONS TO SELECTION PROCEDURES
Smither, J. W., REILLY, R. R., Millsap, R. E., T, K. P. A., & Stoffey, R. W. (1993) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00867.x · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Applicant Attraction Strategies: An Organizational Perspective
Rynes, S. L., & Barber, A. E. (1990) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1990.4308158 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Equity theory: A review and critique
Pritchard, R. D. (1969) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(69)90005-1 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of realistic job preview experiments.
Premack, S. L., & Wanous, J. P. (1985) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.70.4.706 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Organizational Entry: Recruitment, Selection, and Socialization of Newcomers
Hall, F. S., & Wanous, J. P. (1981) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/257388 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
An examination of referents used in the evaluation of pay
Goodman, P. S. (1974) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(74)90045-2 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Applied Social Psychology and Organizational Settings.
Northcraft, G. B., & Carroll, J. S. (1991) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393435 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Bierhoff, H. W., Cohen, R. L., & Greenberg, J. (1986) · Critical issues in social justice · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5059-0 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Impact of causal attributions on affective reactions to success and failure.
McFarland, C., & Ross, M. G. (1982) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.43.5.937 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
MOTIVATIONAL COMPONENTS OF TEST TAKING
ARVEY, R. D., STRICKLAND, W., DRAUDEN, G., & MARTIN, C. (1990) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1990.tb00679.x · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Approaching Equity and Avoiding Inequity in Groups and Organizations
Greenberg, J. (1982) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-299580-4.50017-3 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
The employment interview: Theory, research, and practice.
Eder, R. W., & Ferris, G. R. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Correlates of perceived fairness and accuracy of performance evaluation.
Landy, F. J., Barnes, J. L., & Murphy, K. R. (1978) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-9010.63.6.751 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
The relationship of worker productivity to cognitive dissonance about wage inequities.
Adams, J. S., & Rosenbaum, W. B. (1962) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0047751 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist
(2009) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e578882011-001 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Schmitt, N. (1976) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1976.tb00404.x · Cited by 277 · see citing works
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-1601 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Effects of strategic self-presentation on subsequent self-esteem.
JONES, E. E., Rhodewalt, F. T., Berglas, S., & Skelton, J. A. (1981) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.41.3.407 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Taylor, M. S., & Bergmann, T. J. (1987) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1987.tb00604.x · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Correlates of employee reactions to performance appraisals and appraisal systems.
Dipboye, R. L., & de Pontbriand, R. (1981) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.66.2.248 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Some effects of computerized interviewing on job applicant responses.
Martin, C. L., & Nagao, D. H. (1989) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.74.1.72 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Role of self-esteem within the job search process.
Ellis, R., & Taylor, M. S. (1983) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.68.4.632 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Toward general principles of managerial fairness
Sheppard, B. H., & Lewicki, R. J. (1987) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/bf01048014 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
When your top choice turns you down: Effect of rejected offers on the utility of selection tests.
Murphy, K. R. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.133 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Distributive justice: Theory and research
Cohen, R. L. (1987) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/bf01049382 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Heilman, M. E., Simon, M. C., & Repper, D. P. (1987) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.72.1.62 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Distributive and procedural justice in the workplace
Folger, R. (1987) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/bf01048013 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
WORKPLACE JUSTICE AND JOB SATISFACTION AS PREDICTORS OF SATISFACTION WITH UNION AND MANAGEMENT.
Fryxell, G. E., & GORDON, M. E. (1989) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256571 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Role of recruitment in staffing utility analysis.
Boudreau, J. W., & Rynes, S. L. (1985) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-9010.70.2.354 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Advances in selection and assessment.
Smith, M. C., & Robertson, I. T. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Applicant decisions in the employment interview.
Schmitt, N., & Coyle, B. W. (1976) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-9010.61.2.184 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Test-taking dispositions: A missing link?
Schmit, M. J., & Ryan, A. M. (1992) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.77.5.629 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Immediate and delayed primacy and recency effects in performance evaluation.
Steiner, D. D., & Rain, J. S. (1989) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-9010.74.1.136 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Liden, R. C., & Parsons, C. K. (1986) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1986.tb00577.x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Social validity of selection situations: A concept and some empirical results.
Schuler, H. (1993) · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Pre-employment honesty testing: Fakability, reactions of test takers, and company image
Ryan, A. M., & Sackett, P. R. (1987) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf01020813 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Why procedural justice in organizations?
Greenberg, J., & Tyler, T. R. (1987) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/bf01048012 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
The influence of selection test type on applicant reactions to employment testing
Kluger, A. N., & Rothstein, H. R. (1993) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf02230391 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Lawler, E. E., & O'Gara, P. W. (1967) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025096 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
JOB SAMPLE VS. PAPER‐AND‐PENCIL TRADES AND TECHNICAL TESTS: ADVERSE IMPACT AND EXAMINEE ATTITUDES1
Schmidt, F. L., GREENTHAL, A. L., Hunter, J. E., et al. (1977) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1977.tb02088.x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Individuals' attitudes toward organizational drug testing policies and practices.
Stone, D. L., & Kotch, D. A. (1989) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.74.3.518 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
COLLEGE STUDENTS’ATTITUDES TOWARD EMPLOYEE DRUG TESTING PROGRAMS
Murphy, K. R., Thornton, G. C., & Reynolds, D. H. (1990) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1990.tb02399.x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Selection as a social process.
Herriot, P. (1989) · Cited by 87 · see citing works
11th Annual Conference: Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology
(1996) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e582022009-001 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Crant, J. M., & Bateman, T. S. (1990) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.75.2.127 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Psychological mechanisms of process-control effects.
Leung, K., & Li, W.-K. (1990) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.75.6.613 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The Distributive Justice of Organizational Performance Evaluations
Greenberg, J. (1986) · Critical issues in social justice · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5059-0_18 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Sources of Stigma: Analyzing the Psychology of Affirmative Action
Nacoste, R. B. (1990) · Law & Policy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1990.tb00046.x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Inequity reduction over time in an induced overpayment situation
Lawler, E. E., Koplin, C. A., Young, T. F., & Fadem, J. A. (1968) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(68)90009-3 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Influence of job characteristics on the acceptability of employee drug testing.
Murphy, K. R., Thornton, G. C., & Prue, K. (1991) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-9010.76.3.447 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
PERFORMANCE TESTING: A ROSE AMONG THORNS?
Cascio, W. F., & PHILLIPS, N. F. (1979) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1979.tb02345.x · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Arvey, R. D., Gordon, M. E., Massengill, D., & Mussio, S. J. (1975) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01378.x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Attitudes toward employment testing: Scale development, correlates, and "known-group" validation.
Lounsbury, J. W., Bobrow, W. S., & Jensen, J. B. (1989) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037//0735-7028.20.5.340 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Women as leaders: Performance evaluation as a function of method of leader selection
Jacobson, M. B., & Koch, W. (1977) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(77)90049-6 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The Need Principle of Distributive Justice
Schwinger, T. (1986) · Critical issues in social justice · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5059-0_11 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Wage Inequity, self-qualifications, and productivity
Friedman, A. E., & Goodman, P. S. (1967) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(67)90005-0 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
DIMENSIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONNEL MANAGER PERCEPTIONS OF EFFECTIVE DRUG‐TESTING PROGRAMS
Gómez‐Mejía, L. R., & Balkin, D. B. (1987) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1987.tb00622.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
COMPUTER‐BASED TESTING APPLIED TO SELECTION OF SECRETARIAL APPLICANTS
Schmitt, N., Gilliland, S. W., Landis, R. S., & Devine, D. J. (1993) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00871.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationSeymour, R. T. (1988) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/0001-8791(88)90043-7 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
ATTITUDES TOWARD ASSESSMENT CENTER PROGRAMS
Dodd, W. E. (1977) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-019581-0.50014-1 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Changes in self‐perceived ability as a function of performance in an assessment centre
Schmitt, N., Ford, J. K., & Stults, D. M. (1986) · Journal of Occupational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1986.tb00233.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Computer Assisted Tailored Testing: Examinee Reactions and Evaluations
Schmidt, F. L., Urry, V. W., & Gugel, J. F. (1978) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316447803800208 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Unfair discrimination in the employment interview.
Campion, J. E., & Arvey, R. D. (1989) · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Two Rotten Apples Spoil the Justice Barrel
Crosby, F. J., Burris, L., Censor, C., & MacKethan, E. R. (1986) · Critical issues in social justice · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5059-0_14 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
VOLUNTARY AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AND PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT: LEGAL AND RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS
Kleiman, L. S., & Faley, R. H. (1988) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1988.tb00639.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Fairness in employee selection
Saunders, D. M. (1992) · JAI eBooks · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Applicant Reactions to Selection Procedures: An Updated Model and Meta‐Analysis
Hausknecht, J. P., Day, D. V., & Thomas, S. C. (2004) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2004.00003.x · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Woods, S. A., Ahmed, S., Nikolaou, I., Costa, A. C., & Anderson, N. R. (2020) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2019.1681401 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Wang, R., Harper, F. M., & Zhu, H. (2020) · Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376813 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Highly automated job interviews: Acceptance under the influence of stakes
Langer, M., König, C. J., & Papathanasiou, M. (2019) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/ijsa.12246 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
A model of customer retention of dissatisfied business services customers
White, L., & Yanamandram, V. (2007) · Managing Service Quality: An International Journal · doi:10.1108/09604520710744317 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Understanding applicants’ reactions to gamified recruitment
Buil, I., Catalán, S., & Martínez, E. (2020) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.12.041 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Langer, M., König, C. J., & Hemsing, V. (2020) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/jmp-03-2019-0156 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Converse, P. D., Oswald, F. L., Imus, A., Hedricks, C., Roy, R., & Butera, H. (2008) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.2008.00420.x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Guchait, P., Ruetzler, T., Taylor, J., & Toldi, N. (2014) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.08.004 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
How asynchronous video interviews are used in practice: A study of an Australian‐based AVI vendor
Dunlop, P. D., Holtrop, D., & Wee, S. (2022) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/ijsa.12372 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Job seekers' attitudes toward cybervetting: Scale development, validation, and platform comparison
Cook, R., Jones‐Chick, R., Roulin, N., & O'Rourke, K. (2020) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/ijsa.12300 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Genovesi, S., Mönig, J. M., Schmitz, A., Poretschkin, M., Akila, M., Kahdan, M., Kleiner, R., Krieger, L., & Zimmermann, A. (2024) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-023-00291-8 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Hunkenschroer, A. (2021) · AI Ethics Journal · doi:10.47289/aiej20210716-3 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gilliland, S. W.
- Affiliations
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gilliland, Stephen W.
- Venue
- The Academy of Management Review
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 1993-10
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 694
- ISSN
- 0363-7425 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1969870724
- Cited by
- 1,185
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 53
- FWCI
- 18.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Employer Branding and e-HRM
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- perceived fairness, organizational justice, procedural justice, distributive justice, applicant reactions, hiring decisions, equity, equality, needs, justice model
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review