The DOI matches its Crossref record; 117 of the 117 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Social perception and social reality: A reflection-construction model.
Abstract
This article presents a reflection-construction model of relations between social perception and social reality.
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“There is also psychological evidence that unambiguous data promote theory change.”
From The role of anomalous data in knowledge acquisition: A theoretical framework and implications for science instruction. (1993) · cites this paper as Jussim (1991)
Citations
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“Such biasing effects of erroneous expectations are far from ubiquitous (e.g., Brophy, 1983; Fiske & Neuberg, 1990; Higgins & Bargh, 1987; Jussim, 1991; Miller & Turnbull, 1986; Snyder, 1992).”
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“Jussim (1991) argues that teacher expectations are largely accurate, re ecting what children do in class (see Brophy, 1983; Scho eld, 1982; West & Anderson, 1976).”
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“…perspectives, scholars have long recognized that perceptions often are indeed realities for individuals (a review is beyond the scope of the present article, but for a comprehensive treatment on social construction, its limitations, and a revised “reflection-construction” model, see Jussim, 1991).”
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“…ideas, or unsubstantiated assumptions, stereotypes are generally negative, simplistic, and one-sided (Ford & Stangor, 1992; Judd & Park, 1993; Jussim, 1991), such that, endorsed and applied to a target, they constitute a bedrock for prejudice and discrimination (Allport, 1954; Fiske, 1998).”
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“More specifically, in the context of the reflection-construction model of Lee Jussim [10], when no objective characteristics (congruent with a success on a task) of robots are known, social beliefs about gender will have a strong influence on the perceiver’s judgments; however, when target’s attributes are known (and…”
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“Path c represents the ability of the inaccurate portion of mothers’ beliefs to influence adolescents’ educational attainment by means of a self-fulfilling prophecy (Jussim, 1991).”
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“Focusing first on predictive accuracy, the more accurate one’s belief for another is, the less opportunity there is for the belief to create a self-fulfilling prophecy (Jussim, 1991).”
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“Some social stereotypes or social perceptions may have a component of veridicality (Funder, 1987; Jussim, 1991 ).”
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Keeping up with the Joneses: Social comparison of integrating work and family lives
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“Notably, perceptions can provide effects that are similar to those that result from objective information (Jussim, 1991).”
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“2 (correlation or regression coefficients) difference in individual achievement [13, 14, 15].”
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“Moreover, there is robust evidence that social perceivers judge other people not only in terms of individualized knowledge but also in terms of stereotypes about social groups (Jussim, 1991; Smith & DeCoster, 1998).”
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“1 Theories of social perception also suggest that such perceptual judgments are colored by individual factors (Bruner, 1957; Higgins & Bargh, 1987; Jussim, 1991), but little research has investigated the antecedents and outcomes of faultline perceptions at the individual level of analysis.”
BackgroundPerceived age, physical attractiveness and sex differences in preferred mates' ages
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“…expressivity reciprocally predicted their stronger stereotypes, increase the understanding of classical theories such as self-fulfilling prophecies (Jussim 1991) and self-serving bias (Campbell and Sedikides 1999) for elucidating the association between beliefs and emotional development during…”
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“From this vantage point, targets passively display behaviors that perceivers use as a basis for developing accurate perceptions of targets—perceptions that happen to be congruent with targets’ self-views (Jussim, 1991).”
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“…of teacher expectancy research provides clear evidence for the impact of teacher expectations of students on students’ educational outcomes (e.g., de Boer et al., 2010; Jussim & Harber, 2005; Rosenthal & Jacobson, 1968), irrespective of the accuracy of these expectations ( Jussim, 1989, 1991).”
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“In human–human interaction, social perception refers to the process in which people automatically classify social groups (e.g., people of a particular gender, age group, or race) based on social cues, such as the tone of voice and gestures (Jussim, 1991).”
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“…concept that has been studied in many disciplines including anthropology, sociology, history, social psychology, political science, marketing, and entrepreneurship (e.g. Burt, 1999; Jussim, 1991; McPherson et al., 2001; Nair et al., 2011; Parker et al., 2016; Perry-Smith & Mannucci, 2017).”
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“Researchers on teacher expectations in the past 25 years have addressed such issues as how teachers form expectations, how they communicate them to students, and how these expectations affect outcomes (Braun, 1976; Cooper & Good, 1983; Cooper & Tom, 1984; Dusek, 1985; Jussim, 1986, 1991).”
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“ANALYTIC FRAMEWORK The reflection–construction model of social perception (Jussim, 1991) relates perceivers’ beliefs to targets’ subsequent outcomes and provides the analytic framework for this research.”
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“We encouraged participants to rely on their perceptions, as previous studies had identified that people act upon their perceptions rather than any other reality (Jussim, 1991; Newman, Nielsen, & Miao, 2015).”
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“Ludwig Wittgenstein (1958 ) One of the recurrent themes in social psychology has been the extent to which social reality is constructed by the partic ipants involved in interpersonal interaction (e.g. Fiske & Neuberg, 1990; Jussim, 1991).”
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Self-citationCultural Competence: A Form of Stereotype Rationality
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“It refers to correspondence between belief and criteria (Funder, 1987, 1995; Jussim, 1991, 2005, 2012).”
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“This prior should be most strongly updated by learning what your new partner is like [63], with their actual behavior toward you a good cue to how they treat strangers.”
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“Admittedly, there is contradicting evidence about the extent to which behavioral confirmation predominates in the real world (see Brophy, 1983; Jussim, 1991, 1993; Jussim, Eccles, & Madon, 1996).”
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“This finding is consistent with theoretical and empirical work within stereotyping literature which claims that stereotype-based predictions can be accurate –– even without explicit knowledge of an individual’s actual behavior (see Reflection-Construction Model in Jussim, 1991).”
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“As perceptions play an important role in how people construct their own social realities (Jussim 1991), the results may also be a suitable indicator of the true participation in research.”
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“Prediction without influence presents a serious challenge to the study of naturally-occurring self-fulfilling prophecies (Jussim, 1991).”
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The preferred age of a potential mate reflects evolved male sexual psychology
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Metadata
- Authors
- Jussim, L.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jussim, Lee
- ORCID
- Jussim, Lee
- Venue
- Psychological Review
- Published
- 1991-01
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 54-73
- ISSN
- 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1471
- OpenAlex
- W2072261931
- Cited by
- 446
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 50.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Representations and Identity
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Critical Realism in Sociology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › General Psychology › Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology
- Keywords
- social perception, social reality, social cognition, social construction of reality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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