Perceiver-induced constraint: Interpretations of self-generated reality.
Abstract
It is often assumed that persons accept the validity of the social realities they construct simply because they do not realize that they have constructed them. Two experiments were conducted to determine whether perceivers tend to infer correspondent attitudes when an actor expresses opinions that t
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“Clearly, the process described by Gilbert and Malone (1995) is affected in important ways by the accuracy of situation perception and the availability of situational information to correct initial dispositional inferences when appropriate.”
MethodSpeeding with Ned: A personal view of the correspondence bias.
Gilbert, D. T. (1998) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10286-001 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationThe unexpected benefits of final deadlines in negotiation
Moore, D. A. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0022-1031(03)00090-8 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
History of Social Psychology: Insights, Challenges, and Contributions to Theory and Application
Ross, L. D., Lepper, M. R., & Ward, A. C. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy001001 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“Third, as Lewin observed, actors are a part of their own life space; other people respond to physical and social characteristics of the actor in ways that in turn influence the actor (Gilbert & Jones, 1986).”
BackgroundThe idiographic nature of human personality: Examples of the idiographic self-concept.
Pelham, B. W. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.64.4.665 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Shoda, Y., & Mischel, W. (1993) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167293195009 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Jakubiak, B. K., & Feeney, B. C. (2016) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550616646427 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“Individuals do make dispositional attributions for behaviors they know were prescribed (Gilbert & Jones, 1986), and participants have experienced stress-buffering benefits from touch they knew to be prescribed by an experimenter (Coan, Schaefer, & Davidson, 2006; Ditzen et al., 2007), so touch may…”
BackgroundPersonality in Social Psychology
Funder, D. C., & Fast, L. A. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy001018 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Gilovich, T. D., & Griffin, D. W. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy001015 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The worm at the core: A terror management perspective on the roots of psychological dysfunction
Arndt, J., Routledge, C., Cox, C. R., & Goldenberg, J. L. (2005) · Applied and Preventive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appsy.2005.07.002 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Telling what they want to know: participants tailor causal attributions to researchers' interests
Ara Norenzayan, A., & Schwarz, N. (1999) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(199912)29:8 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The preoccupational hazards of social life.
Osborne, R. E., & Gilber, D. T. (1992) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.62.2.219 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“Thus, for instance, busy subjects who saw a woman behave anxiously were particularly likely to take this behavior as evidence of dispositional anxiety–even when they knew full well that the woman was an unwitting hostage to a distressing situation ( Gilbert, Pelham, & Krull, 1988 ). Such instances of unwarranted dispo…”
BackgroundPsychological Perspectives on Interrogation
Vrij, A., Meissner, C. A., Fisher, R. P., Kassin, S. M., Morgan, C. A., & Kleinman, S. M. (2017) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617706515 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Belanche, D., Flavián, C., & Pérez-Rueda, A. (2017) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2017.04.006 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Empathy neglect: Reconciling the spotlight effect and the correspondence bias.
Nicholas Epley, A., Savitsky, K., & Gilovich, T. D. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.2.300 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“After all, more than a generation of attribution research testifies to observers’ readiness to draw strong dispositional inferences on the basis of even the weakest behavioral evidence ( Gilbert & Jones, 1986; Gilbert & Malone, 1995; Jones & Harris, 1967; Ross, 1977; Ross, Amabile, & Steinmetz, 1977), a tendency so co…”
BackgroundMultiple audience problem: A strategic communication perspective on social perception.
Fleming, J. H., Darley, J. M., Hilton, J. L., & Harris‐Kojetin, B. A. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.58.4.593 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Andrews, P. W. (2001) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s1090-5138(00)00059-3 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Variation in the degree to which the essay writer's lack of choice is made salient also has little influence on observer attributions (Gilbert & Jones, 1986; Snyder & Jones, 1974, Experiments 1 and 5).”
BackgroundBaumeister, R. F., Hutton, D. G., & Tice, D. M. (1989) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(89)90039-5 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Martell, R. F. (1991) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00515.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Women Get Worse Sex: A Confound in the Explanation of Gender Differences in Sexuality
Conley, T. D., & Klein, V. (2022) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916211041598 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“At least some of the acceptance of the research on gender differences, we argue, must rely on a correspondence bias (Gilbert & Jones, 1986) from researchers.”
MethodDepression and the Correspondent Inference Bias: Evidence for more Effortful Cognitive Processing
Yost, J. H., & Weary, G. (1996) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167296222008 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The duality of everyday life: Dual-process and dual system models in social psychology.
Strack, F., & Deutsch, R. (2014) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14341-028 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
(Mis)Understanding Our Influence Over Others
Bohns, V. K. (2016) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721415628011 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“…person is likely to do or explain why some mysterious individual did what they did, a task that is different both cognitively and motivationally from predicting one’s own influence over another person (Dunning & Helzer, 2014; although see Gilbert & Jones, 1986, for a noteworthy exception).”
BackgroundLovaglia, M. J. (1995) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/1046496495263005 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Moore, D. A. (2005) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167204271569 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“In fact, people are just as likely to infer dispositional qualities from the constrained behavior of targets when they themselves are the origins of that constraint (Gilbert & Jones, 1986).”
BackgroundLevels of Inference in Dispositional Judgment
Yaacov Trope, B. (1989) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.1989.7.3.296 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Inferring character from texts: Attribution theory and foregrounding theory
Culpeper, J. (1996) · Poetics · doi:10.1016/0304-422x(95)00005-5 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The perceptual and inferential effects of situational inducements on dispositional attribution.
Yaacov Trope, B., Cohen, O., & Maoz, Y. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.55.2.165 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gilbert, D. T., & Jones, E. E.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- ORCID
- Gilbert, Daniel T.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1986-02
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 269-280
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2042257098
- Semantic Scholar
- 46f18c7c66db45d6d8885023ccdc49e0adc86344
- Cited by
- 335
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 39.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Representations and Identity
- Keywords
- construal level, social construction of reality, self-perception
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