The NMDA antagonist MK-801 blocks the extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning.
Abstract
Five groups of rats were given Pavlovian fear conditioning. Four groups were then given extinction training. Prior to extinction these groups received an injection of either the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist MK-801 (0.025, 0.05, or 0.1 mg/kg) or saline. The 5th group received saline but no extinction. During testing, the extinction groups given saline or 0.025 mg/kg of MK-801 showed reduced fear, but the groups that had received the higher doses exhibited as much conditioned fear as the saline group, which had not received extinction. This study showed that MK-801 blocked extinction in a dose-dependent manner. The design of the study ruled out the possibility that the effect was due to state-dependency or to MK-801 interfering with the processing of the conditioned stimulus.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Consolidation of extinction memories depends on NMDAR-mediated changes in synaptic plasticity.
“the consolidation of extinction memories depends on NMDAR-mediated changes in synaptic plasticity (Baker and Azorlosa, 1996; Lee et al., 2006a).”
From Retrieval-Dependent Mechanisms Affecting Emotional Memory Persistence: Reconsolidation, Extinction, and the Space in Between (2020) · cites this paper as Baker and Azorlosa, 1996
NMDA is involved in extinction in postweaning and adult rats.
“but is in postweaning and adult rats (Baker and Azorlosa, 1996;Langton et al, 2007;Langton and Richardson, 2008).”
From Impaired Extinction Retention in Adolescent Rats: Effects of D-Cycloserine (2010) · cites this paper as Baker and Azorlosa, 1996
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neural Mechanisms of Extinction Learning and Retrieval
Quirk, G. J., & Mueller, D. (2008) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301555 · Cited by 1,645 · see citing works
Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy
Craske, M. G., Kircanski, K., Zelikowsky, M., Mystkowski, J., Chowdhury, N., & Baker, A. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.10.003 · Cited by 1,607 · see citing works
Myers, K. M., & Davis, M. (2007) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001939 · Cited by 1,277 · see citing works
Pape, H.-C., & Pare, D. (2010) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00037.2009 · Cited by 994 · see citing works
Behavioral and Neural Analysis of Extinction
Myers, K. M., & Davis, M. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)01064-4 · Cited by 918 · see citing works
New Vistas on Amygdala Networks in Conditioned Fear
Paré, D., Quirk, G. J., & Ledoux, J. E. (2004) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00153.2004 · Cited by 841 · see citing works
Walker, D. L., Ressler, K. J., Lu, K.-T., & Davis, M. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-06-02343.2002 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Prefrontal mechanisms in extinction of conditioned fear
Quirk, G. J., Garcia, R., & González-Lima, F. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.010 · Cited by 682 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms of memory acquisition, consolidation and retrieval
Abel, T. G., & Lattal, K. M. (2001) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00194-x · Cited by 689 · see citing works
Burgos-Robles, A., Vidal-Gonzalez, I., Santini, E., & Quirk, G. J. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.02.021 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of D-cycloserine and the facilitation of fear extinction and exposure therapy
Norberg, M. M., Krystal, J. H., & Tolin, D. F. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.01.012 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Effects of D-Cycloserine on Extinction: Translation From Preclinical to Clinical Work
Davis, M., Ressler, K., Rothbaum, B. O., & Richardson, R. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.084 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Reconsolidation and Extinction of Conditioned Fear: Inhibition and Potentiation
Lee, J. L. C., Milton, A. L., & Everitt, B. J. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2466-06.2006 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
How the Neurocircuitry and Genetics of Fear Inhibition May Inform Our Understanding of PTSD
Jovanović, T., & Ressler, K. J. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09071074 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Neural and cellular mechanisms of fear and extinction memory formation
Orsini, C. A., & Maren, S. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.12.014 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Singewald, N., Schmuckermair, C., Whittle, N., Holmes, A., & Ressler, K. J. (2015) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.12.004 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
The role of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in memory and cognition
Zhang, G., & Stackman, R. W. (2015) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2015.00225 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Augmentation of Behavior Therapy With <scp>d</scp> -Cycloserine for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Wilhelm, S., Buhlmann, U., Tolin, D. F., Meunier, S. A., Pearlson, G. D., Reese, H. E., Cannistraro, P., Jenike, M. A., & Rauch, S. L. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07050776 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Santini, E., Muller, R. U., & Quirk, G. J. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-22-09009.2001 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Sotres-Bayon, F., Bush, D. E. A., & LeDoux, J. E. (2007) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301316 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Merlo, E., Milton, A. L., Goozée, Z. Y., Theobald, D. E., & Everitt, B. J. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4001-13.2014 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Amygdala and hippocampal activity during acquisition and extinction of human fear conditioning
Knight, D. C., Smith, C. N., Cheng, D. T., Stein, E. A., & Helmstetter, F. J. (2004) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.4.3.317 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Experimental extinction in Pavlovian conditioning: Behavioural and neuroscience perspectives
Delamater, A. R. (2004) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B · doi:10.1080/02724990344000097 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Ledgerwood, L., Richardson, R., & Cranney, J. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.023 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Infralimbic cortex activation increases c-fos expression in intercalated neurons of the amygdala
Berretta, S., Pantazopoulos, H., Caldera, M., Pantazopoulos, P., & Paré, D. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.01.020 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Adrenergic transmission facilitates extinction of conditional fear in mice
Cain, C. K., Blouin, A. M., & Barad, M. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.71504 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Royer, S., & Paré, D. (2002) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00455-4 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Davis, M., & Myers, K. M. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01507-x · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Impaired Extinction Retention in Adolescent Rats: Effects of D-Cycloserine
McCallum, J., Kim, J. H., & Richardson, R. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.92 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Pharmacological treatments that facilitate extinction of fear: Relevance to psychotherapy
Davis, M., Myers, K. M., Chhatwal, J., & Ressler, K. J. (2006) · NeuroRX · doi:10.1016/j.nurx.2005.12.008 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Glutamate receptors in extinction and extinction-based therapies for psychiatric illness
Myers, K. M., Carlezon, W., & Davis, M. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.88 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Lattal, K. M., & Abel, T. G. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-15-05773.2001 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Zhang, G., Ásgeirsdóttir, H. N., Cohen, S. J., Munchow, A. H., Barrera, M. P., & Stackman, R. W. (2012) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.007 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Davis, M. (2002) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02138.x · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapy of PTSD: premises, principles, and priorities.
Ravindran, L. N., & Stein, M. B. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.03.037 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Role of the Amygdala in Fear Extinction Measured with Potentiated Startle
DAVIS, M., WALKER, D. L., & MYERS, K. M. (2003) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07084.x · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Systemic blockade of D2-like dopamine receptors facilitates extinction of conditioned fear in micePreprint
Ponnusamy, R., Nissim, H. A., & Barad, M. (2005) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.96605 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Cain, C. K., Blouin, A. M., & Barad, M. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-20-09113.2002 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
REM sleep deprivation affects extinction of cued but not contextual fear conditioning
Silvestri, A. J. (2005) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.11.011 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Neural circuit changes mediating lasting brain and behavioral response to predator stress
Adamec, R. E., Blundell, J., & Burton, P. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.05.007 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
NMDA receptors and fear extinction: implications for cognitive behavioral therapy
Davis, M. (2011) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2011.13.4/mdavis · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Kim, J. H., & Richardson, R. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4736-07.2008 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Myers, K. M., & Carlezon, W. A. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.01.011 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Neural Systems Involved in Fear Inhibition: Extinction and Conditioned Inhibition
Davis, M., Falls, W., & Gewirtz, J. C. (2000) · Neurobiological foundation of aberrant behaviors · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-4860-4_8 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
The use of cognitive enhancers in animal models of fear extinction.
Kaplan, G. B., & Moore, K. (2011) · Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.01.009 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Developmental rodent models of fear and anxiety: from neurobiology to pharmacology
Ganella, D. E., & Kim, J. H. (2014) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.12643 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
A requirement for memory retrieval during and after long-term extinction learning
Ouyang, M., & THOMAS, S. A. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0502315102 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Modulation of learning and memory by natural polyamines
Guerra, G. P., Rubin, M. A., & Mello, C. F. (2016) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.023 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Yang, Y.-L., & Lu, K. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.04.003 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Prophylactic Ketamine Attenuates Learned Fear
McGowan, J. C., LaGamma, C. T., Lim, S. C., Tsitsiklis, M., Neria, Y., Brachman, R. A., & Denny, C. A. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.19 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Harvey, B. H., & Shahid, M. (2011) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.06.014 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Langton, J. M., Kim, J. H., Nicholas, J., & Richardson, R. (2007) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.692407 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Fear extinction in rodents: basic insight to clinical promise.
Barad, M. (2005) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2005.10.005 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Augmentation of exposure therapy with post-session administration of D-cycloserine
Tart, C. D., Handelsman, P. R., DeBoer, L. B., Rosenfield, D., Pollack, M. H., Hofmann, S. G., Powers, M. B., Otto, M. W., & Smits, J. A. J. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.09.024 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Moratti, S., & Keil, A. (2005) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.07.006 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Beyond the dopamine receptor: novel therapeutic targets for treating schizophrenia
Coyle, J. T., Balu, D. T., Benneyworth, M. A., Basu, A. C., & Roseman, A. S. (2010) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2010.12.3/jcoyle · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Yang, Y.-L., Chao, P.-K., Ro, L., Wo, Y., & Lu, K.-T. (2007) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301215 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Adamec, R. E., Blundell, J. J., & Burton, P. (2003) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2003.09.017 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
From Extinction Learning to Anxiety Treatment: Mind the Gap
Carpenter, J. K., Pinaire, M., & Hofmann, S. G. (2019) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci9070164 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
da Silva, W. C. F. N., Bonini, J. S., Bevilaqua, L. R., Medina, J. H., Izquierdo, I., & Cammarota, M. (2007) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20362 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Bukalo, O., Pinard, C. R., & Holmes, A. (2014) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.12779 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Adamec, R. E., Blundell, J. J., & Burton, P. (2005) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.06.026 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Wilber, A. A., Southwood, C. J., & Wellman, C. L. (2008) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.20691 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Cain, C. K., Godsil, B., Jami, S. A., & Barad, M. (2005) · Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · doi:10.1101/lm.88805 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Schroeder, J. P., & Packard, M. G. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.78504 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Burgdorf, J. S., Kroes, R. A., Weiss, C., Oh, M. M., Disterhoft, J. F., Brudzyński, S. M., Panksepp, J., & Moskal, J. R. (2011) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.05.001 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Gould, T. J., McCarthy, M. M., & Keith, R. A. (2002) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00008877-200207000-00005 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Siette, J., Reichelt, A. C., & Westbrook, R. F. (2014) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.032557.113 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Combining pharmacotherapy with cognitive behavioral therapy: Traditional and new approaches
Davis, M., Barad, M., Otto, M. W., & Southwick, S. (2006) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20149 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Impaired fear extinction in adolescent rodents: Behavioural and neural analyses
Baker, K., Bisby, M. A., & Richardson, R. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.019 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Ogden, K. K., Khatri, A., Traynelis, S. F., & Heldt, S. A. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.241 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Role of NMDA receptors in the syndrome of behavioral changes produced by predator stress
Blundell, J. J., Adamec, R. E., & Burton, P. (2005) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.07.012 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Piasecki, J., Koroś, E., Dyr, W., Kostowski, W., Danysz, W., & Bieńkowski, P. (1998) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00442-7 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Effects of REM deprivation and an NMDA agonist on the extinction of conditioned fear
Silvestri, A. J., & Root, D. H. (2007) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.08.020 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Hsu, E. H., & Packard, M. G. (2007) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2007.08.006 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Liu, J., Li, M., Dang, X.-R., Wang, Z.-H., Rao, Z., Wu, S., Li, Y.-Q., & Wang, W. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007548 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Ren, J., Li, X., Zhang, X., Li, M., Wang, Y., & Ma, Y. (2013) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.02.017 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Storsve, A. B., McNally, G. P., & Richardson, R. (2010) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2009.12.011 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Extinction: Behavioral Mechanisms and Their Implications
Bouton, M. E., & Woods, A. M. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012370509-9.00088-7 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Radford, K. D., Park, T. Y., Jaiswal, S., Pan, H., Knutsen, A. K., Zhang, M., Driscoll, M. Y., Osborne-Smith, L., Dardzinski, B. J., & Choi, K. H. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0310-8 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Lissek, S., & Güntürkün, O. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-22-08119.2003 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Zeleznikow-Johnston, A., Renoir, T., Churilov, L. P., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-33929-3 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
MK-801 induced retrieval, but not acquisition, deficits for passive avoidance conditioning
Harrod, S. B., Flint, R. W., & Riccio, D. C. (2001) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00565-2 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Johnson, D. M., Baker, J. D., & Azorlosa, J. L. (2000) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)02388-4 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, J. H., & Richardson, R. (2009) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.1282309 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Role of L-type Ca2+channel isoforms in the extinction of conditioned fearPreprint
Busquet, P., Hetzenauer, A., Sinnegger-Brauns, M. J., Striessnig, J., & Singewald, N. (2008) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.886208 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Peters, J., & Vries, T. J. D. (2012) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.004 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Extinction in preweanling rats does not involve NMDA receptors
Kim, J. H., & Richardson, R. (2010) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2010.05.004 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The effect of ketamine on the consolidation and extinction of contextual fear memory
Clifton, N. E., Thomas, K. L., & Hall, J. (2018) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881117748903 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Implications of the Research Domain Criteria project for childhood anxiety and its disorders
Lebowitz, E. R., Gee, D. G., Pine, D. S., & Silverman, W. K. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.01.005 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
André, J. M., Leach, P. T., & Gould, T. J. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.12.004 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Castellano, C., Cestari, V., Ciamei, A., & Pavone, F. (1999) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1006/nlme.1999.3908 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Leptin: A Potential Anxiolytic by Facilitation of Fear Extinction
Wang, W., Liu, S., Li, K., Chen, Y., Jiang, B., Li, Y., Xiao, J., Yang, S., Chen, T., Chen, J., et al. (2015) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12375 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Gupta, S. C., Hillman, B. G., Prakash, A., Ugale, R. R., Stairs, D. J., & Dravid, S. M. (2013) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12197 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Goodman, J., Ressler, R. L., & Packard, M. G. (2017) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.042 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
d-Cycloserine facilitates extinction learning and enhances extinction-related brain activation
Klass, A., Glaubitz, B., Tegenthoff, M., & Lissek, S. (2017) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2017.08.003 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Jing, H., Hao, Y., Bi, Q., Zhang, J., & Yang, P. (2015) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2014.10.015 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Adamec, R. E., HEAD, D. W., Soreq, H., & Blundell, J. J. (2008) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.12.023 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The role of context in the re-extinction of learned fear
Langton, J. M., & Richardson, R. (2009) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2009.06.008 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Vaverková, Z., Milton, A. L., & Merlo, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.574358 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
- Authors
- Baker, J. D., & Azorlosa, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Southeastern Louisiana University (US)
- Venue
- Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 1996-06
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 618-620
- ISSN
- 0735-7044 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0084
- OpenAlex
- W2007266319
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- MK-801, NMDA receptor antagonists, fear conditioning, fear extinction, dose-dependent effects, state dependence
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Avoidance Learning, Conditioning, Classical, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Male, N-Methylaspartate, Dizocilpine Maleate, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review