Neural and cellular mechanisms of fear and extinction memory formation

Orsini, Caitlin A.; Maren, Stephen

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.12.014

Cited by 429Memory and Neural MechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchMemory Processes and Influences

Neural and cellular mechanisms of fear and extinction memory formation

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Orsini, Caitlin A., Maren, Stephen·2012·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.12.014PMC PMC3345303

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Abstract

Over the course of natural history, countless animal species have evolved adaptive behavioral systems to cope with dangerous situations and promote survival. Emotional memories are central to these defense systems because they are rapidly acquired and prepare organisms for future threat. Unfortunately, the persistence and intrusion of memories of fearful experiences are quite common and can lead to pathogenic conditions, such as anxiety and phobias. Over the course of the last 30 years, neuroscientists and psychologists alike have attempted to understand the mechanisms by which the brain encodes and maintains these aversive memories. Of equal interest, though, is the neurobiology of extinction memory formation as this may shape current therapeutic techniques. Here we review the extant literature on the neurobiology of fear and extinction memory formation, with a strong focus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes.

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The BLA is a critical node within the neural circuitry subserving learned fear behaviors.
“In addition to being a major target and modulator of stress, the BLA is a critical node within the neural circuitry subserving learned fear behaviors.”
From Amygdala FAAH and anandamide: mediating protection and recovery from stress (2013) · cites this paper as [79]
The BLA is activated during the formation, expression, and extinction of conditioned fear memories, and damage to the BLA disrupts one or more of these processes.
“The BLA is activated during the formation, expression, and extinction of conditioned fear memories, and damage to the BLA disrupts one or more of these processes [79,80].”
From Amygdala FAAH and anandamide: mediating protection and recovery from stress (2013) · cites this paper as [79]

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Authors: Orsini, C. A., & Maren, S.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author: Orsini, Caitlin A.
Maren, Stephen
ORCID: Orsini, Caitlin A.
Maren, Stephen
Venue: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-08
Volume: 36
Issue: 7
Pages: 1773-1802
ISSN: 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.12.014
PMC: PMC3345303
OpenAlex: W1988353820
Cited by: 429
References: 492
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 2.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (F31MH091822, R01MH065961)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords: fear memory, memory extinction, memory formation, amygdala, hippocampus, long-term potentiation, synaptic plasticity, intracellular signaling cascades, prefrontal cortex, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, phobia, emotional memory
MeSH terms: Animals, Anxiety, Brain, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Humans, Memory, Neuronal Plasticity

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Neural and cellular mechanisms of fear and extinction memory formation

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