Behavioral and emotional self-control: relations to substance use in samples of middle and high school students

Wills, Thomas A.; Walker, Carmella; Mendoza, Don; Ainette, Michael G.

doi:10.1037/0893-164x.20.3.265

Cited by 310Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentBehavioral Health and Interventions

Behavioral and emotional self-control: relations to substance use in samples of middle and high school students

Wills, Thomas A., Walker, Carmella, Mendoza, Don, Ainette, Michael G.·2006·Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

DOI 10.1037/0893-164x.20.3.265

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Abstract

The authors tested how behavioral and emotional self-control are related to adolescent substance (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana) use. Data were obtained from 489 middle school students and 602 high school students. Multiple indicators were developed for each domain of self-control, and confirmatory analyses were used to test the measurement structure of latent constructs. Results showed that the domains of behavioral self-control and emotional self-control were statistically distinct, and both were related to adolescent substance use. Structural modeling analyses indicated indirect effects for self-control constructs primarily through pathways to competence and recent events. In addition, poor behavioral control had a direct effect to deviant peer affiliations, and poor emotional control had a direct effect to coping motives for substance use. The results indicate that both types of self-regulation are relevant for adolescent substance use. Implications for prevention and treatment research are discussed.

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The few studies that have examined the relationships between school connectedness and substance use/well-being have confirmed them.
“However, the few studies that have examined these relationships have confirmed them (Wills et al., 2006; Wills et al., 2016).”
From Assessment of culture and environment in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study: Rationale, description of measures, and early data (2018) · cites this paper as Wills et al., 2006

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Authors: Wills, T. A., Walker, C., Mendoza, D., & Ainette, M. G.
Affiliations: Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
ORCID: Wills, Thomas A.
Venue: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2006-09
Volume: 20
Issue: 3
Pages: 265-278
ISSN: 0893-164X (ISSN-L)
1939-1501
DOI: 10.1037/0893-164x.20.3.265
OpenAlex: W2008592092
Cited by: 310
References: 110
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 6.59
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA00252, DA12623-S1)
American Psychological Association
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Keywords: behavioral self-control, emotion regulation, adolescent substance use, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, cannabis use, self-regulation, deviant peer affiliation, coping motives, junior high school students, high school students
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schools, Social Behavior, Social Control, Informal, Students, Expressed Emotion, Substance-Related Disorders, Self Efficacy

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Behavioral and emotional self-control: relations to substance use in samples of middle and high school students

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