The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Impulsive and self-control choices in opioid-dependent patients and non-drug-using control patients: Drug and monetary rewards.
Abstract
Delay discounting was investigated in opioid-dependent and non-drug-using control participants. The latter participants were matched to the former on age, gender, education, and IQ. Participants in both groups chose between hypothetical monetary rewards available either immediately or after a delay. Delayed rewards were $1,000, and the immediate-reward amount was adjusted until choices reflected indifference. This procedure was repeated at each of 7 delays (1 week to 25 years). Opioid-dependent participants were given a second series of choices between immediate and delayed heroin, using the same procedures (i.e., the amount of delayed heroin was that which could be purchased with $1,000). Opioid-dependent participants discounted delayed monetary rewards significantly more than did non-drug-using participants. Furthermore opioid-dependent participants discounted delayed heroin significantly more than delayed money.
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In the citing paper
“individuals who suffer from reinforcement pathologies discount delayed rewards more than matched controls.”
From The behavioral economics and neuroeconomics of reinforcer pathologies: implications for etiology and treatment of addiction (2011) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“those affected by reinforcement pathologies discount their pathological reinforcer to a greater extent than they discount other commodities.”
From The behavioral economics and neuroeconomics of reinforcer pathologies: implications for etiology and treatment of addiction (2011) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“Because elevated discounting rates are associated with drug abuse [15, 22, 25–30, 32]”
From The behavioral economics and neuroeconomics of reinforcer pathologies: implications for etiology and treatment of addiction (2011) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“Consistent with this conceptual analysis, individual differences in how steeply LLRs are discounted robustly correlates with the incidence and severity of problem substance use”
From Changing Delay Discounting and Impulsive Choice: Implications for Addictions, Prevention, and Human Health (2019) · cites this paper as Madden et al., 1997
In the citing paper
“one consistent finding is that substance-dependent individuals tend to discount delayed reinforcers more rapidly than do healthy controls.”
From Excessive discounting of delayed reinforcers as a trans-disease process contributing to addiction and other disease-related vulnerabilities: Emerging evidence (2012) · cites this paper as Madden et al. (1997)
In the citing paper
“significantly higher discounting rates for the opioid-dependent patients (k = 0.220) than for the control group (k = 0.027).”
From Excessive discounting of delayed reinforcers as a trans-disease process contributing to addiction and other disease-related vulnerabilities: Emerging evidence (2012) · cites this paper as Madden et al. (1997)
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Bickel, W. K., Stein, J. S., Moody, L. N., Snider, S. E., Mellis, A. M., & Quisenberry, A. J. (2017) · Nebraska Symposium on Motivation/The Nebraska symposium on motivation · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51721-6_8 · Cited by 64
Self-citationTolomeo, S., Gray, S., Matthews, K., Steele, J. D., & Baldacchino, A. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716001513 · Cited by 61
Serotonin and the Evaluation of Future Rewards
Schweighofer, N., Tanaka, S., & Doya, K. (2007) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1390.011 · Cited by 65
Nielsen, D. A., Ho, A., Bahl, A., Varma, P., Kellogg, S., Borg, L., & Kreek, M. J. (2012) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.12.022 · Cited by 61
“Higher levels of discount delayed rewards were found in heroin addicts compared to non-addicts (Bornovalova et al., 2005a; Kirby et al., 1999; Madden et al., 1997) as well with other measures of impulsivity (Clark et al., 2006; Lejuez et al., 2005; VerdejoGarcia et al., 2007).”
ResultComer, S. D., Bickel, W. K., Yi, R., de Wit, H., Higgins, S. T., Wenger, G. R., Johanson, C., & Kreek, M. J. (2010) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e32833bb9f8 · Cited by 60
Self-citationDelay discounting of saccharin in rhesus monkeys
Freeman, K. B., Green, L., Myerson, J., & Woolverton, W. L. (2009) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2009.06.002 · Cited by 60
Metadata
- Authors
- Madden, G. J., Petry, N. M., Badger, G. J., & Bickel, W. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- Venue
- Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 1997
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 256-262
- ISSN
- 1064-1297 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-2293
- OpenAlex
- W1989748592
- Cited by
- 911
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 8.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (5P50AA03510-19, R03-AA08731)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 06969, T32-DA-07242, DA-06526, T32DA007242)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- opioid use disorder, heroin, delay discounting, impulsivity, self-control, drug reward, monetary rewards, delay of gratification, substance use disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Heroin, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Male, Opioid-Related Disorders, Narcotics, Personality Tests, Reward
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