The effects of the framing of time on delay discounting
Open accessAbstract
We examined the effects of the framing of time on delay discounting. Delay discounting is the process by which delayed outcomes are devalued as a function of time. Time in a titrating delay discounting task is often framed in calendar units (e.g., as 1 week, 1 month, etc.). When time is framed as a specific date, delayed outcomes are discounted less compared to the calendar format. Other forms of framing time; however, have not been explored. All participants completed a titrating calendar unit delay‐discounting task for money. Participants were also assigned to one of two delay discounting tasks: time as dates (e.g., June 1 st , 2015) or time in units of days (e.g., 5000 days), using the same delay distribution as the calendar delay‐discounting task. Time framed as dates resulted in less discounting compared to the calendar method, whereas time framed as days resulted in greater discounting compared to the calendar method. The hyperboloid model fit best compared to the hyperbola and exponential models. How time is framed may alter how participants attend to the delays as well as how the delayed outcome is valued. Altering how time is framed may serve to improve adherence to goals with delayed outcomes.
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Date-framing typically produces medium to large reductions in delay discounting.
“This date-framing manipulation typically produces medium to large reductions in delay discounting”
From Changing Delay Discounting and Impulsive Choice: Implications for Addictions, Prevention, and Human Health (2019) · cites this paper as DeHart & Odum, 2015
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- Authors
- DeHart, W. B., & Odum, A. L.
- Affiliations
- Utah State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- DeHart, William Brady
- Venue
- Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-12-18
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-21
- ISSN
- 0022-5002 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-3711
- PMC
- PMC5661958
- OpenAlex
- W1501926725
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 3.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (RO1DA029100)
- Utah State Department Of Psychology
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Accounting › Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
- Keywords
- delay discounting, temporal framing, hyperboloid model, hyperbolic discounting, exponential discounting, long-term outcomes, goal adherence
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Reward, Time Factors, Time Perception, Young Adult, Delay Discounting
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