The Relation between Work-related Psychosocial Factors and the Development of Depression

Netterstrom, B.; Conrad, N.; Bech, P.; Fink, P.; Olsen, O.; Rugulies, R.; Stansfeld, S.

doi:10.1093/epirev/mxn004

Cited by 467Workplace Health and Well-beingOccupational Health and BurnoutEmployment and Welfare Studies

The Relation between Work-related Psychosocial Factors and the Development of Depression

Netterstrom, B., Conrad, N., Bech, P., Fink, P., Olsen, O., Rugulies, R., Stansfeld, S.·2008·Epidemiologic Reviews

DOI 10.1093/epirev/mxn004

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Abstract

This review is based on a literature search made in January 2007 on request by the Danish National Board of Industrial Injuries. The search in PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO resulted in more than 1,000 publications. This was reduced to 14 after the titles, abstracts, and papers were evaluated by using the following criteria: 1) a longitudinal study, 2) exposure to work-related psychosocial factors, 3) the outcome a measure of depression, 4) relevant statistical estimates, and 5) nonduplicated publication. Of the 14 studies, seven used standardized diagnostic instruments as measures of depression, whereas the other seven studies used self-administered questionnaires. The authors found moderate evidence for a relation between the psychological demands of the job and the development of depression, with relative risks of approximately 2.0. However, indication of publication bias weakens the evidence. Social support at work was associated with a decrease in risk for future depression, as all four studies dealing with this exposure showed associations with relative risks of about 0.6. Even if this literature study has identified work-related psychosocial factors that in high-quality epidemiologic studies predict depression, studies are still needed that assess in more detail the duration and intensity of exposure necessary for developing depression.

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There is growing evidence to suggest a link between work characteristics and the onset of depression, with perceived psychosocial work stress being the most often investigated work exposure.
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Leitner, K., & Resch, M. (2005) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.10.1.18 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Social structures, agent personality and workers' mental health:A longitudinal analysis of the specific role of occupation and of workplace constraints-resources on psychological distress in the Canadian workforce
Marchand, A., Demers, A., & Durand, P. (2006) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726706067595 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Objective measurement of occupational stress factors: An example with San Francisco urban transit operators.
Greiner, B. A., Ragland, D. R., Krause, N., et al. (1997) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.2.4.325 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Psychosocial Dimensions of Work and the Risk of Drug Dependence among Adults
Muntaner, C., Anthony, J. C., Crum, R. M., & Eaton, W. W. (1995) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117617 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The relationship between stressful working conditions and high alcohol consumption and severe alcohol problems in an urban general population
Romelsjö, A., Hasin, D. S., HILTON, M., Boström, G., Diderichsen, F., Haglund, B. J. A., Hallqvist, J., Karlsson, G., & Svanström, L. (1992) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02004.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Effects of job stress on occurrence of major depression in Japanese industry: a case-control study nested in a cohort study.
Kawakami, N., Araki, S., & Kawashima, M. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Are Trends in Work and Health Conditions Interrelated? A Study of Swedish Hospital Employees in the 1990s.
Petterson, I.-L., Hertting, A., Hagberg, L., & Theorell, T. (2005) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.10.2.110 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Effects of perceived job stress on mental health. A longitudinal survey in a Japanese electronics company
Shigemi, J., Mino, Y., Ohtsu, T., & Tsuda, T. (2000) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1023/a:1007646323031 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
False positive outcomes and design characteristics in occupational cancer epidemiology studies.
Swaen, G., Teggeler, O., & van Amelsvoort, L. V. (2001) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/30.5.948 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Psychosocial conditions on and off the job and psychological ill health: depressive symptoms, impaired psychological wellbeing, heavy consumption of alcohol
Michélsen, H., & Bildt, C. (2003) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.60.7.489 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders
Horwath, E., Cohen, R. S., & Weissman, M. M. (2002) · doi:10.1002/0471234311.ch16 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Job stress among middle‐aged health care workers and its relation to sickness absence
Verhaeghe, R., Mak, R. P., Maele, G. V., Kornitzer, M., & Backer, G. D. (2003) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.985 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Effects of Job Insecurity From a Workplace Closure Threat on Fatigue and Psychological Distress
Swaen, G. M. H., Bültmann, U., Kant, I., & van Amelsvoort, L. G. P. M. (2004) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000126024.14847.f8 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Drug Dependence Enviromics: Job Strain in the Work Environment and Risk of Becoming Drug-Dependent
Reed, P. L., Storr, C. L., & Anthony, J. C. (2006) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwj064 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
A Prospective Observation of Onsets of Health Defects Associated with Working Hours
Tarumi, K., Hagihara, A., & Morimoto, K. (2003) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.41.101 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
A follow-up study on the association of working conditions and lifestyles with the development of (perceived) mental symptoms in workers of a telecommunication enterprise
Suwazono, Y. (2003) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqg102 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
A Prospective Study on the Influences of Workplace Stress on Mental Health
Babazono, A., Mino, Y., Nagano, J., Tsuda, T., & Araki, T. (2005) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1539/joh.47.490 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
A longitudinal study of job design and worker strain: Preliminary results.
Carayon, P. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10116-002 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The mutual effects between job resources and mental health: a prospective study among Dutch youth.
Taris, T. W. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 26 · see citing works
A longitudinal exploration of alcohol use and problems comparing managerial and nonmanagerial men and women
Moore, S., Grunberg, L., & Greenberg, E. S. (2003) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(01)00271-4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Are lay theories of work stress related to distress? A longitudinal study in the British workforce
Rydstedt, L. W., Devereux, J. J., & Furnham, A. F. (2004) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02628370412331323906 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Association between clinically depressed subgroups, type of treatment and patient retention in the LIDO study
Bech, P., Lucas, R., Amir, M., Bushnell, D. M., Martin, M., Buesching, D. P., & THE LIDO GROUP (2003) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291703008249 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Gender differences in the causal direction between workplace harassment and drinking
Freels, S. A., Richman, J. A., & Rospenda, K. M. (2005) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.01.014 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
[Mobbing at work].
Spezzaferro, I. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Perceived job-stress and major depression in industry: a case-control study.
Kawakami, N., Hayashi, T., Masumoto, T., Haratani, T., & Araki, S. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Stress and cardiovascular disease
Steptoe, A., & Kivimäki, M. (2012) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2012.45 · Cited by 1,321 · see citing works
A systematic review including meta-analysis of work environment and depressive symptoms
Theorell, T., Hammarström, A., Aronsson, G., Träskman Bendz, L., Grape, T., Hogstedt, C., Marteinsdottir, I., Skoog, I., & Hall, C. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1954-4 · Cited by 982 · see citing works
“[2] made a similar conclusion but pointed out that studies are needed that assess in more detail the duration and intensity of exposure necessary for developing depression.”
Result
Burnout–Depression Overlap: A Review
Bianchi, R., Schonfeld, I. S., & Laurent, E. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.004 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Can work make you mentally ill? A systematic meta-review of work-related risk factors for common mental health problems
Harvey, S. B., Modini, M., Joyce, S., Milligan-Saville, J. S., Tan, L., Mykletun, A., Bryant, R. A., Christensen, H., & Mitchell, P. B. (2017) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2016-104015 · Cited by 799 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2012) · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60994-5 · Cited by 1,001 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychosocial work environment and stress-related disorders, a systematic review
Nieuwenhuijsen, K., Bruinvels, D., & Frings-Dresen, M. (2010) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqq081 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Industry 4.0 and the human factor – A systems framework and analysis methodology for successful development
Neumann, P., Winkelhaus, S., Grosse, E. H., & Glock, C. H. (2020) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107992 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Workplace interventions for common mental disorders: A systematic meta-review
Joyce, S., Modini, M., Christensen, H., Mykletun, A., Bryant, R., Mitchell, P. B., & Harvey, S. B. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715002408 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2017) · doi:10.1017/s003329171600355x · Cited by 467 · see citing works
“…measurements based on clinical diagnoses and avoided common method bias (when both exposure and outcome are measured by self-reports), a potential bias in much previous research on job strain and depressive symptoms (Bonde, 2008; Netterstrøm et al. 2008; Siegrist, 2008; Theorell et al. 2015).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Effort-reward imbalance at work and risk of depressive disorders. A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Rugulies, R., Aust, B., & Madsen, I. E. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3632 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
“Subsequent reviews in 2008 by Bonde (23) and Netterstrøm et al (24) focused on work environment and depressive disorders but could not identify a sufficient number of studies for ERI.”
Self-citation
Burnout and Depression: Two Entities or One?
Schonfeld, I. S., & Bianchi, R. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22229 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
“…disorders and elevations on depressive symptom scales can develop out of uncontrollable, stressful conditions in the workplace (Bonde, 2008; Netterstrøm et al., 2008; Rydmark et al., 2006; Tennant, 2001; Wang, 2005), underlining a key etiological similarity between burnout and depression.”
Background
Teachers' wellbeing and depressive symptoms, and associated risk factors: A large cross-sectional study in English secondary schools
Kidger, J., Brockman, R., Tilling, K., Campbell, R., Ford, T., Araya, R., King, M., & Gunnell, D. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.054 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
“Evidence from longitudinal studies suggests that job demands and social relationships have the biggest impact on mental disorders such as depression (Netterstrøm et al., 2008).”
The relationship between organisational stressors and mental wellbeing within police officers: a systematic review
Purba, A., & Demou, E. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7609-0 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
The role of psychosocial working conditions on burnout and its core component emotional exhaustion – a systematic review
Seidler, A., Thinschmidt, M., Deckert, S., Then, F., Hegewald, J., Nieuwenhuijsen, K., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2014) · Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology · doi:10.1186/1745-6673-9-10 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
“Existing systematic reviews on the psychologic effects of psychosocial working conditions mainly focused on depression [31,32], mental disorders in all [33], and stress-related disorders [34].”
Background
Bad Jobs, Bad Health? How Work and Working Conditions Contribute to Health Disparities
Burgard, S. A., & Lin, K. (2013) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764213487347 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
“Measures of demands in the job strain model, for example, were developed to apply to industrial settings, but may not be the most salient factors in service sector jobs, and should be accompanied by a broader array of measures of working conditions (Netterstrøm et al., 2008).”
Method
Occupational musculoskeletal and mental health: Significance of rationalization and opportunities to create sustainable production systems – A systematic review
Westgaard, R. H., & Winkel, J. (2010) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2010.07.002 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
“Recent reviews show an association between working conditions and depression (Netterstrøm et al., 2008; Bonde, 2008).”
Background
Psychosocial job stressors and suicidality: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Milner, A., Witt, K., LaMontagne, A. D., & Niedhammer, I. (2018) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2017-104531 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Organisational justice and mental health: a systematic review of prospective studies: Figure 1
Ndjaboué, R., Brisson, C., & Vézina, M. (2012) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2011-100595 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Association of work-related stress with mental health problems in a special police force unit
Garbarino, S., Cuomo, G., Chiorri, C., & Magnavita, N. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002791 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
“Another review of 14 longitudinal studies reported that lack of social support enhanced depression.(26) The association we found between low reward and symptoms is in agreement with that suggested by neurobiological studies on depression.”
Result
Mental Health and Working Conditions in Europe
Cottini, E., & Lucifora, C. (2013) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · doi:10.1177/001979391306600409 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Long working hours and depressive symptoms: systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies and unpublished individual participant data
Virtanen, M., Jokela, M., Madsen, I. E., Magnusson Hanson, L. L., Lallukka, T., Nyberg, S. T., Alfredsson, L., Batty, G. D., Bjorner, J. B., Borritz, M., et al. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3712 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citation
Calculating the cost of work-related stress and psychosocial risks
Hassard, J., Teoh, K., Cox, T., Cosmar, M., Gründler, R., Flemming, D., Cosemans, B., & van den Broek, K. (2014) · BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) · doi:10.2802/20493 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
A review and agenda for examining how technology-driven changes at work will impact workplace mental health and employee well-being
Johnson, A., Dey, S., Nguyen, H., Groth, M., Joyce, S., Tan, L., Glozier, N., & Harvey, S. B. (2020) · Australian Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0312896220922292 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
“A review of 14 longitudinal studies found that high psychological demands and low social support were the strongest and most consistent factors associated with an increased risk of depression (Netterstrom et al., 2008).”
Background
Overtime Work as a Predictor of Major Depressive Episode: A 5-Year Follow-Up of the Whitehall II Study
Virtanen, M., Stansfeld, S. A., Fuhrer, R., Ferrie, J. E., & Mika Kivimaki, B. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030719 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
“Some positive work characteristics, such as high control or high rewards at work, may buffer an employee against the adverse health effects of long working hours [22,29–35].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Repeated Job Strain and the Risk of Depression: Longitudinal Analyses From the Whitehall II Study
Stansfeld, S. A., Shipley, M. J., Head, J. A., & Fuhrer, R. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300589 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citation
A cross-sectional study of mental health and well-being and their associations in the UK veterinary profession
Bartram, D. J., Yadegarfar, G., & Baldwin, D. S. (2009) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0030-8 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Psychosocial working conditions and psychological well-being among employees in 34 European countries
Schütte, S., Chastang, J., Malard, L., Parent-Thirion, A., Vermeylen, G., & Niedhammer, I. (2014) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-014-0930-0 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Globalization, Work, and Cardiovascular Disease
Schnall, P. L., Dobson, M., & Landsbergis, P. A. (2016) · International Journal of Health Services · doi:10.1177/0020731416664687 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Efficacy of Burnout Interventions in the Medical Education Pipeline
Williams, D. M., Tricomi, G., Gupta, J., & Janise, A. (2014) · Academic Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40596-014-0197-5 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Job strain in relation to body mass index: pooled analysis of 160 000 adults from 13 cohort studies
Nyberg, S. T., Heikkilä, K., Fransson, E. I., Alfredsson, L. S., Bacquer, D. D., Bjørner, J. B., Bonenfant, S., Borritz, M., Burr, H., Casini, A., et al. (2011) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02482.x · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citation
The associations of supervisor support and work overload with burnout and depression: a cross‐sectional study in two nursing settings
Weigl, M., Stab, N., Herms, I., Angerer, P., Hacker, W., & Glaser, J. (2016) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12948 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Well-Being in Life and Well-Being at Work: Which Comes First? Evidence From a Longitudinal Study
Węziak‐Białowolska, D., Białowolski, P., Sacco, P. L., VanderWeele, T. J., & McNeely, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00103 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
“, prolonged job strain (86, 87), increased job demand (88, 89) and limited job control (90, 91)] on the development of depression is moderate but the level of exposure to stressors that seems to be generally needed to cause depression still requires further investigation (86, 92, 93).”
Background
Psychosocial Job Stress and Immunity: A Systematic Review
Nakata, A. (2012) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-071-7_3 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Job Strain and the Risk of Depression: Is Reporting Biased?
Kolstad, H. A., Hansen, Å. M., Kærgaard, A., Thomsen, J. F., Kærlev, L., Mikkelsen, S., Grynderup, M. B., Mors, O. N., Rugulies, R., Kristensen, A. S., et al. (2010) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwq318 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citation
A RCT Comparing Daily Mindfulness Meditations, Biofeedback Exercises, and Daily Physical Exercise on Attention Control, Executive Functioning, Mindful Awareness, Self-Compassion, and Worrying in Stressed Young Adults
de Bruin, E. I., van der Zwan, J. E., & Bögels, S. M. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0561-5 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“…to chronic stress or being unable to effectively cope with stress may ultimately lead to, for instance, states of depression and anxiety, burnout, suicide attempts, poor immune functioning, and cardiovascular disorders (e.g., Cohen et al. 2012; Netterstrøm et al. 2008; Stansfeld and Candy 2006).”
Background
Impact of organisational change on mental health: a systematic review
Bamberger, S. G., Vinding, A. L., Larsen, A., Nielsen, P., Fonager, K., Nielsen, R. N., Ryom, P., & Omland, Ø. (2012) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2011-100381 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Burnout predicts hospitalization for mental and cardiovascular disorders: 10‐year prospective results from industrial sector
Toppinen‐Tanner, S., Ahola, K., Koskinen, A., & Väänänen, A. (2009) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.1282 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Occupational factors and subsequent major depressive and generalized anxiety disorders in the prospective French national SIP study
Niedhammer, I., Malard, L., & Chastang, J. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1559-y · Cited by 120 · see citing works
“Although the reviews and meta-analysis quoted above [3-7] were based on prospective studies, they included all studies whatever the method used to measure mental health outcomes.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Effects of organizational justice on depressive symptoms and sickness absence: A longitudinal perspective
Ybema, J. F., & van den Bos, K. (2010) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.027 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Identifying the key risk factors for adverse psychological outcomes among police officers: A systematic literature review
Sherwood, L., Hegarty, S., Vallières, F., Hyland, P., Murphy, J., Fitzgerald, G., & Reid, T. (2019) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22431 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“In the general workforce, psychosocial problems at work, such as job strain, lack of social support, effort–reward imbalance, and reduced control have all been found to predict the onset of mental health problems (Netterstrom et al., 2008; Stephen & Bridget, 2006).”
Background
Testing a Model of Officer Intentions to Quit
Allisey, A., Noblet, A. J., LaMontagne, A. D., & Houdmont, J. (2013) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854813509987 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The Symptom Checklist-core depression (SCL-CD 6 ) scale: Psychometric properties of a brief six item scale for the assessment of depression
Hanson, L. L. M., Westerlund, H., Leineweber, C., Rugulies, R., Osika, W., Theorell, T., & Bech, P. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494813500591 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“[26] Netterstrom B, Conrad N, Bech P, et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
A systematic review on the effect of work-related stressors on mental health of young workers
Law, P. C. F., Too, L. S., Butterworth, P., Witt, K., Reavley, N. J., & Milner, A. J. (2020) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-020-01516-7 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Psychological and Social Work Factors as Predictors of Mental Distress: A Prospective Study
Finne, L. B., Christensen, J. O., & Knardahl, S. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102514 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“The item ‘‘conflicting demands’’ of the job demands factor of Karasek’s JCQ [10] overlaps with ‘‘role conflict’’ as measured by QPSNordic in the current study.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
An urgent call to address work‐related psychosocial hazards and improve worker well‐being
Schulte, P. A., Sauter, S. L., Pandalai, S. P., Tiesman, H. M., Chosewood, L. C., Cunningham, T. R., Wurzelbacher, S. J., Pana‐Cryan, R., Swanson, N. G., Chang, C., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.23583 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Der aktuelle Kenntnisstand über Erkrankungsrisiken durch psychische Arbeitsbelastungen
Rau, R., & Buyken, D. (2015) · Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O · doi:10.1026/0932-4089/a000186 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
The Prevalence of Mental Disorders in the Working Population over the Period of Global Economic Crisis
Wang, J., Smailes, E., Sareen, J., Fick, G. H., Schmitz, N., & Patten, S. B. (2010) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371005500908 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Prevalence rates for depression by industry: a claims database analysis
Wulsin, L. R., Alterman, T., Bushnell, P. T., Li, J., & Shen, R. (2014) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0891-3 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“We used 2002 and 2006 data to examine three factors that are key to popular models of job stress [6, 36, 47] job control [17, 27, 43, 44, 48] work–family imbalance [11, 22, 47–49] and effort–reward imbalance [16, 38].”
Method
Adverse psychosocial working conditions and risk of severe depressive symptoms. Do effects differ by occupational grade?
Rugulies, R., Aust, B., Madsen, I. E. H., Burr, H., Siegrist, J., & Bültmann, U. (2012) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/cks071 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citation
Gendered depression: Vulnerability or exposure to work and family stressors?
Marchand, A., Bilodeau, J., Demers, A., Beauregard, N., Durand, P., & Haines, V. (2016) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.08.021 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Does low workplace social capital have detrimental effect on workers' health?
Suzuki, E., Takao, S., Subramanian, S. V., Komatsu, H., Doi, H., & Kawachi, I. I. (2010) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.014 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Chronic workplace stress and insufficient physical activity: a cohort study
Kouvonen, A. M., Vahtera, J., Oksanen, T., Pentti, J., Väänänen, A., Heponiemi, T., Salo, P., Virtanen, M., & Mika Kivimaki, B. (2012) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2012-100808 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Mindful2Work: Effects of Combined Physical Exercise, Yoga, and Mindfulness Meditations for Stress Relieve in Employees. A Proof of Concept Study
de Bruin, E. I., Formsma, A. R., Frijstein, G., & Bögels, S. M. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0593-x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“On the long term, stress can lead to severe fatigue and burnout (Leone et al. 2011; Wessely et al. 1998), anxiety and depression (Hammen 2004; Netterstrøm et al. 2008), problems with cognitive and executive functioning (Mcewen and Sapolsky 1995), relationships and family problems (Coyl et al.…”
Background
The contribution of work and non-work stressors to common mental disorders in the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey
Clark, C., Pike, C., McManus, S., Harris, J., Bebbington, P., Brugha, T. S., Jenkins, R., Meltzer, H., Weich, S., & Stansfeld, S. A. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711001759 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citation
Developing a mentally healthy workplace: a review of the literature
Harvey, S. B., Joyce, S., Tan, L., Johnson, A. M., Nguyen, H., Modini, M., & Groth, M. (2014) · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Psychosocial working conditions and depressive symptoms among Swedish employees
Hanson, L. L. M., Theorell, T., Bech, P., Rugulies, R., Burr, H., Hyde, M., Oxenstierna, G., & Westerlund, H. (2009) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-009-0406-9 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mental health and the workplace: issues for developing countries
Chopra, P. (2009) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/1752-4458-3-4 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“Psychological stress is most associated with employment in which the rewards do not match the effort made [13].”
Influential
Bullying at work and onset of a major depressive episode among Danish female eldercare workers
Rugulies, R., Madsen, I. E. H., Hjarsbech, P. U., Høgh, A., Borg, V., Carneiro, I. G., & Aust, B. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3278 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“Two recent comprehensive reviews reported that high psychological demands, low job control (only in one review), and low social support predicted onset of MDE and depressive symptoms in prospective studies (2, 3).”
Self-citation
Professional autonomy and work setting as contributing factors to depression and absenteeism in Canadian nurses
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Authors: Netterstrom, B., Conrad, N., Bech, P., Fink, P., Olsen, O., Rugulies, R., & Stansfeld, S.
Affiliations: Capital Region of Denmark (DK)
Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
National Research Centre for the Working Environment (DK)
Queen Mary University of London (GB)
ORCID: Bech, P.
Fink, P.
Rugulies, R.
Stansfeld, S.
Venue: Epidemiologic Reviews
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2008-05-14
Volume: 30
Issue: 1
Pages: 118-132
ISSN: 0193-936X (ISSN-L)
1478-6729
DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxn004
OpenAlex: W2148031529
Cited by: 467
References: 114
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 40
FWCI: 4.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Epidemiologic Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
Keywords: depression, psychological job demands, social support at work, workplace mental health, relative risk, publication bias
MeSH terms: Depression, Humans, Psychology, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Social Support, Work

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The Relation between Work-related Psychosocial Factors and the Development of Depression

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