Burnout and Depression: Two Entities or One?

Schonfeld, Irvin Sam; Bianchi, Renzo

doi:10.1002/jclp.22229

Cited by 345Stress and Burnout ResearchOccupational Health and BurnoutHealthcare professionals’ stress and burnout

Burnout and Depression: Two Entities or One?

Schonfeld, Irvin Sam, Bianchi, Renzo·2016·Journal of Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1002/jclp.22229

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Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the overlap in burnout and depression. Method: The sample comprised 1,386 schoolteachers (mean [ M ] age = 43; M years taught = 15; 77% women) from 18 different U.S. states. We assessed burnout, using the Shirom‐Melamed Burnout Measure, and depression, using the depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire. Results: Treated dimensionally, burnout and depressive symptoms were strongly correlated (.77; disattenuated correlation, .84). Burnout and depressive symptoms were similarly correlated with each of 3 stress‐related factors, stressful life events, job adversity, and workplace support. In categorical analyses, 86% of the teachers identified as burned out met criteria for a provisional diagnosis of depression. Exploratory analyses revealed a link between burnout and anxiety. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that past research has underestimated burnout–depression overlap. The state of burnout is likely to be a form of depression. Given the magnitude of burnout–depression overlap, treatments for depression may help workers identified as “burned out.”

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Physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout: A systematic review of prospective studies
Salvagioni, D. A. J., Melanda, F. N., Mesas, A. E., González, A. D., Gabani, F. L., & Andrade, S. M. D. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185781 · Cited by 1,508 · see citing works
The relationship between burnout, depression, and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Koutsimani, P., Montgomery, A., & Georganta, K. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00284 · Cited by 1,091 · see citing works
Stress, Burnout, Anxiety and Depression among Teachers: A Scoping Review
Agyapong, B., Obuobi-Donkor, G., Burback, L., & Wei, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710706 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Prevalence of burnout, depression, anxiety and stress in Australian midwives: a cross-sectional survey
Creedy, D. K., Sidebotham, M., Gamble, J. A., Pallant, J., & Fenwick, J. (2017) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-016-1212-5 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Teacher burnout explained: Teacher-, student-, and organisation-level variables
Saloviita, T. J., & Pakarinen, E. (2020) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2020.103221 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Depression, anxiety, and burnout among medical students and residents of a medical school in Nepal: a cross-sectional study
Pokhrel, N. B., Khadayat, R., & Tulachan, P. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02645-6 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Mental health in teachers: Relationships with job satisfaction, efficacy beliefs, burnout and depression
Capone, V., & Petrillo, G. (2018) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9878-7 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Ten myths about work addiction
Griffiths, M. D., Demetrovics, Z., & Atroszko, P. A. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.05 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
AI to the rescue: Exploring the potential of ChatGPT as a teacher ally for workload relief and burnout prevention
Hashem, R., Ali, N., El Zein, F., Fidalgo, P., & Abu Khurma, O. (2023) · Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning · doi:10.58459/rptel.2024.19023 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
“The adverse effects of teacher burnout are well-documented in the literature and have a negative impact on the well-being of teachers themselves, including their physical health (Hakanen et al., 2006), mental health (Schonfeld & Bianchi, 2016) as well as job satisfaction (Robinson et al., 2019).”
Background
Predictors of academic efficacy and dropout intention in university students: Can engagement suppress burnout?
Marôco, J. P., Assunção, H., Harju‐Luukkainen, H., Lin, S., Sit, P., Cheung, K., Maloa, B. F. S., Stepanovic-Ilic, I., Smith, T. J., & Campos, J. Á. D. B. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239816 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Towards measuring cognitive load through multimodal physiological data
Vanneste, P., Raes, A., Morton, J., Bombeke, K., Acker, B. B. V., Larmuseau, C., Depaepe, F., & Noortgate, W. V. D. (2020) · Cognition Technology & Work · doi:10.1007/s10111-020-00641-0 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Job-Related Stress Threatens the Teacher Supply: Key Findings from the 2021 State of the U.S. Teacher Survey
Steiner, E. D., & Woo, A. (2021) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/rra1108-1 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Is Parental Burnout Distinct From Job Burnout and Depressive Symptoms?
Mikolajczak, M., Gross, J. J., Stinglhamber, F., Norberg, A. L., & Roskam, I. (2020) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702620917447 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Trait emotional intelligence profiles, burnout, anxiety, depression, and stress in secondary education teachers
Martínez-Monteagudo, M. C., Inglés, C. J., Granados, L., Aparisi, D., & García-Fernández, J. M. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.01.036 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Burnout, depression, efficacy beliefs, and work-related variables among school teachers
Capone, V., Joshanloo, M., & Park, M. S. (2019) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2019.02.001 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Emergency on Health Professionals: Burnout Incidence at the Most Critical Period in Spain
López, J. Á. M., Lázaro-Pérez, C., Galán, J. G., & Martínez, M. D. M. F. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9093029 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Is Burnout a Depressive Condition? A 14-Sample Meta-Analytic and Bifactor Analytic Study
Bianchi, R., Verkuilen, J., Schonfeld, I. S., Hakanen, J., Jansson‐Fröjmark, M., García, G. M., Laurent, É., & Meier, L. L. (2021) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702620979597 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citation
Maternal Burnout Syndrome: Contextual and Psychological Associated Factors
Lebert-Charron, A., Dorard, G., Boujut, É., & Wendland, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00885 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Coach-athlete relationship, social support, and sport-related psychological well-being in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes
Simons, E. E., & Bird, M. D. (2022) · Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education · doi:10.1080/19357397.2022.2060703 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Sleep and biological parameters in professional burnout: A psychophysiological characterization
Metlaine, A., Sauvet, F., Gomez-Mérino, D., Boucher, T., Elbaz, M., Delafosse, J. Y., Léger, D., & Chennaoui, M. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190607 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Prevalence and relationship between burnout and depression in our future doctors: a cross-sectional study in a cohort of preclinical and clinical medical students in Ireland
Fitzpatrick, O., Biesma, R., Conroy, R. M., & McGarvey, A. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023297 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Burnout: Moving beyond the status quo.
Bianchi, R., Schonfeld, I. S., & Laurent, E. (2019) · International Journal of Stress Management · doi:10.1037/str0000088 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citation
Consequences of Job Stress for the Mental Health of Teachers
Schonfeld, I. S., Bianchi, R., & Luehring‐Jones, P. (2017) · Aligning perspectives on health, safety and well-being · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53053-6_3 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citation
Burnout and its relationship with perceived stress, self-efficacy, depression, social support, and programmatic factors in general surgery residents
Smeds, M. R., Janko, M. R., Allen, S. R., Amankwah, K. S., Arnell, T. D., Ansari, P., Balters, M. W., Hess, D. T., Ferguson, E. H., Jackson, P. G., et al. (2019) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.07.004 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Teacher Profiles of Psychological Capital and Their Relationship with Burnout
Ferradás, M. D. M., Freire, C., García-Bértoa, A., Núñez, J. C., & Rodríguez, S. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11185096 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Inquiry into the correlation between burnout and depression.
Schonfeld, I. S., Verkuilen, J., & Bianchi, R. (2019) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000151 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citation
Burnout–Depression Overlap: Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Bifactor Analysis and Network Analysis
Verkuilen, J., Bianchi, R., Schonfeld, I. S., & Laurent, É. (2020) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191120911095 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citation
Internal Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Burnout: An Employee Management Perspective from the Healthcare Sector
Liu, Y., Cherian, J. P., Ahmad, N., Han, H., Lama, M. D. V., & Ariza‐Montes, A. (2023) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s388207 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Burnout is associated with a depressive cognitive style
Bianchi, R., & Schonfeld, I. S. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.008 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citation
Intensive care units nurses' burnout, organizational commitment, turnover intention and hospital workplace violence: A cross‐sectional study
Wang, T., Abrantes, A. C. M., & Liu, Y. (2022) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.1378 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Job and family demands and burnout among healthcare workers: The moderating role of workplace flexibility
Maglalang, D. D., Sorensen, G., Hopcia, K. L., Hashimoto, D. M., Katigbak, C., Pandey, S., Takeuchi, D. T., & Sabbath, E. L. (2021) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100802 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Association between anxiety, depression symptoms, and academic burnout among Chinese students: the mediating role of resilience and self-efficacy
Liu, W., Zhang, R., Wang, H., Rule, A., Wang, M., Abbey, C., Singh, M. K., Rozelle, S., She, X., & Tong, L. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01823-5 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Burnout and depression: Label-related stigma, help-seeking, and syndrome overlap
Bianchi, R., Verkuilen, J., Brisson, R., Schonfeld, I. S., & Laurent, É. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.025 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citation
Burnout and Work Engagement Among US Dentists
Calvo, J. M., Kwatra, J., Yansane, A., Tokede, O. A., Gorter, R. C., & Kalenderian, E. (2017) · Journal of Patient Safety · doi:10.1097/pts.0000000000000355 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The relationship between job satisfaction, burnout syndrome and depressive symptoms
de Oliveira, A. M., Silva, M. T., Galvão, T. F., & Lopes, L. C. (2018) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000013364 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Job stressors and burnout among clinical nurses: a moderated mediation model of need for recovery and career calling
Jin, T., Zhou, Y., & Zhang, L. (2023) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-023-01524-1 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Psychische Gesundheit von Ärzten
Beschoner, P., Limbrecht-Ecklundt, K., & Jerg‐Bretzke, L. (2019) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-019-0739-x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
A biological perspective on differences and similarities between burnout and depression
Orosz, A., Federspiel, A., Haisch, S., Seeher, C., Dierks, T., & Cattapan, K. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.005 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The Longitudinal Association of Reduced Vagal Tone With Burnout
Wekenborg, M., Hill, L. K., Thayer, J. F., Penz, M. S., Wittling, R. A., & Kirschbaum, C. (2019) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000750 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Workplace burnout and health issues among Colombian correctional officers
Useche, S. A., Montoro, L. V., Ruíz, J. I., Vanegas, C., Sanmartín, J., & Ferreres, E. A. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211447 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Burnout and Wellness: The Anesthesiologist’s Perspective
Romito, B. T., Okoro, E. N., Ringqvist, J., & Goff, K. (2020) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827620911645 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Burnout of Special Educators Serving Students With Emotional-Behavioral Disorders: A Longitudinal Study
Brunsting, N. C., Bettini, E. A., Rock, M. L., Royer, D. J., Common, E. A., Lane, K. L., Xie, F., Chen, A., & Zeng, F. (2021) · Remedial and Special Education · doi:10.1177/07419325211030562 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Physician Health Care Visits for Mental Health and Substance Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ontario, Canada
Myran, D. T., Cantor, N., Rhodes, E., Pugliese, M., Hensel, J. M., Taljaard, M., Talarico, R., Garg, A. X., McArthur, E., Liu, C., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.43160 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Job stress and emotional exhaustion at work in Spanish workers: Does unhealthy work affect the decision to drive?
Alonso, F., Estéban, C., Gonzalez-Marin, A., Ferreres, E. A., & Useche, S. A. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227328 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Burnout among Direct-Care Workers in Nursing Homes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Preventive and Educational Focus for Sustainable Workplaces
López, J. Á. M., Lázaro-Pérez, C., & Galán, J. G. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13052782 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“It's Like a Kick in the Teeth”: The Emergence of Novel Predictors of Burnout in Frontline Workers During Covid-19
Sumner, R. C., & Kinsella, E. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645504 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
From Burnout to Occupational Depression: Recent Developments in Research on Job-Related Distress and Occupational Health
Schonfeld, I. S., & Bianchi, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.796401 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychometric properties of the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) among adolescents: results from three cross-sectional studies
Gerber, M., Colledge, F., Mücke, M., Schilling, R., Brand, S., & Ludyga, S. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1841-5 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
An exploratory structural equation modeling bi-factor analytic approach to uncovering what burnout, depression, and anxiety scales measure.
Schonfeld, I. S., Verkuilen, J., & Bianchi, R. (2019) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000721 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychophysiological Characteristics of Burnout Syndrome: Resting-State EEG Analysis
Golonka, K., Gawłowska, M., Mojsa‐Kaja, J., & Marek, T. (2019) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2019/3764354 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Burnout Syndrome and Depression
Bianchi, R., Schonfeld, I. S., & Laurent, É. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6577-4_14 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citation
Emotional Dissonance, Mental Health Complaints, and Sickness Absence Among Health- and Social Workers. The Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy
Indregard, A.-M. R., Knardahl, S., & Nielsen, M. B. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00592 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Relationship between burnout and Major Depressive Disorder in health professionals: A HEAR report
Zisook, S., Doran, N., Mortali, M. G., Hoffman, L. A., Downs, N. S., Davidson, J. E., Fergerson, B. D., Rubanovich, C. K., Shapiro, D. N., Tai‐Seale, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.047 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Exploring the relationship between burnout and grit during general surgery residency: A longitudinal, single-institution analysis
Cortez, A. R., Winer, L. K., Kassam, A., Hanseman, D. J., Kuethe, J. W., Sussman, J. J., & Quillin, R. C. (2019) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.09.041 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
How Does Transformational Leadership Relieve Teacher Burnout: The Role of Self-Efficacy and Emotional Intelligence
Tian, Y., & Guo, Y. (2022) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941221125773 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Special educators’ mental health and burnout: A comparison of general and teacher specific risk factors
McGrew, J. H., Ruble, L. A., Cormier, C. J., & Dueber, D. (2023) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2023.104209 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Reciprocal Associations between Burnout and Depression: An 8‐Year Longitudinal Study
Tóth‐Király, I., Morin, A. J. S., & Salmela‐Aro, K. (2020) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.12295 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Socially distanced teaching: The mental health impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on special education teachers
Cormier, C. J., McGrew, J. H., Ruble, L. A., & Fischer, M. W. (2021) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22736 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Physician Burnout: A Lifestyle Medicine Perspective
Merlo, G., & Rippe, J. (2021) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827620980420 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Subtypes in clinical burnout patients enrolled in an employee rehabilitation program: differences in burnout profiles, depression, and recovery/resources-stress balance
Bauernhofer, K., Bassa, D., Canazei, M., Jiménez, P., Paechter, M., Papousek, I., Fink, A., & Weiss, E. M. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1589-y · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Psychometric Properties and Convergent Validity of the Shirom–Melamed Burnout Measure in Two German-Speaking Samples of Adult Workers and Police Officers
Schilling, R., Colledge, F., Brand, S., Ludyga, S., & Gerber, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00536 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
A National Survey of Burnout and Depression Among Fellows Training in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Sharp, M., Burkart, K. M., Adelman, M. H., Ashton, R. W., Biddison, L. D., Bosslet, G. T., Doyle, S. T., Eckmann, T., Khan, M. M. K. S., Lenz, P. H., et al. (2020) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.2117 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Personality and socio-demographic variables in teacher burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: a latent profile analysis
Răducu, C.-M., & Stănculescu, E. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18581-2 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Burnout, Depression, and Borderline Personality: A 1,163-Participant Study
Bianchi, R., Rolland, J., & Salgado, J. F. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02336 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citation
In Reply—Defining Physician Burnout, and Differentiating Between Burnout and Depression
Melnick, E. R., Powsner, S. M., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2017) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.07.005 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Exploring demands from the perspective of employees identified as being at risk of burnout
Gauche, C., Beer, L. T. D., & Brink, L. (2017) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2017.1361783 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The Dresden Burnout Study: Protocol of a prospective cohort study for the bio‐psychological investigation of burnout
Penz, M. S., Wekenborg, M., Pieper, L., Beesdo‐Baum, K., Walther, A., Miller, R. E., Tobias Stalder, A., & Kirschbaum, C. (2018) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1613 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Organizational attachment and health
Ng, T. W. H., & Allen, T. D. (2018) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2018.03.003 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Burnout and depression of medical staff: A chain mediating model of resilience and self-esteem.
Hao, S.-M. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.153 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Burnout among healthcare providers: Its prevalence and association with anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Macao, China
Zheng, Y., Tang, P. K., Lin, G., Liu, J., Hu, H., Wu, A. M. S., & Ung, C. O. L. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283239 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Burden of treatment, emotion work and parental burnout of mothers to children with or without special needs: A pilot study
Findling, Y., Barnoy, S., & Itzhaki, M. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03074-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Burned Out and Dissatisfied?
Nguyen, T. D., & Kremer, K. P. (2022) · The Elementary School Journal · doi:10.1086/721772 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“At Some Point We're Going to Reach Our Limit”: Understanding COVID‐19's impact on teacher burnout and subjective mental health
Marshall, D. T., Smith, N. E., Love, S. M., Neugebauer, N. M., & Shannon, D. (2023) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.23084 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Burned-Out: Middle School Teachers After One Year of Online Remote Teaching During COVID-19
Gutentag, T., & Asterhan, C. S. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.802520 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Protecting language teachers from burnout: The roles of teaching mindset, teaching grit, and emotion regulation
Sadoughi, M., Hejazi, S. Y., & Khajavy, G. H. (2024) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/13621688241238350 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Burnout, Job Dissatisfaction, and Mental Health Outcomes Among Medical Students and Health Care Professionals at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan: Protocol for a Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study
Mufarrih, S. H., Naseer, A., Qureshi, N. Q., Anwar, Z., Zahid, N., Lakdawala, R. H., & Noordin, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02552 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Physician burnout: A review
Grover, S., Adarsh, H., Naskar, C., & Varadharajan, N. (2018) · Journal of Mental Health and Human Behaviour · doi:10.4103/jmhhb.jmhhb_47_19 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Role Stress and Depressive Symptoms Amongst Social Workers in China: The Moderating Effects of Social Support
Li, X., Zhang, N., & He, X. (2020) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcaa193 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Síntomas psicopatológicos, estrés y burnout en estudiantes de medicina
Oró, P., Esquerda, M., Salas, J. V., Yuguero, O., & Pifarré, J. (2017) · Educación Médica · doi:10.1016/j.edumed.2017.09.003 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Standardized multimodal intervention for stress-induced exhaustion disorder: an open trial in a clinical setting
van de Leur, J. C., Buhrman, M., Åhs, F., Rozental, A., & Jansen, G. B. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02907-3 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Burnout and depression: Points of convergence and divergence
Tavella, G., Hadži-Pavlović, D., Bayes, A. J., Jebejian, A., Manicavasagar, V. L., Walker, P., & Parker, G. B. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.095 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Study of burnout and depressive symptoms in doctors at a central level, state hospital
Ariefdien, N., Lowton, K., Tenea, Z., Anic, A., & Jayrajh, P. (2023) · South African Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v29i0.1866 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Depression, anxiety and stress in Swedish midwives: A cross-sectional survey
Båtsman, A., Fahlbeck, H., & Hildingsson, I. (2020) · European Journal of Midwifery · doi:10.18332/ejm/124941 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Mediator Role of Feelings of Guilt in the Process of Burnout and Psychosomatic Disorders: A Cross-Cultural Study
Figueiredo‐Ferraz, H., Gil-Monte, P. R., Grau‐Alberola, E., & Couto, B. R. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.751211 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Compassion Satisfaction, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Burnout: A Mixed Methods Analysis in a Sample of Public-School Educators Working in Marginalized Communities
Fleckman, J. M., Petrovic, L., Simon, K., Peele, H., Baker, C. N., & Overstreet, S. (2022) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-022-09515-4 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Should I book another hotel? The effects of sickness and ethnicity on customer brand loyalty and positive word of mouth
Leal, C. C., & Ferreira, A. I. (2019) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102410 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Personality and job satisfaction among Chinese health practitioners: The mediating role of professional quality of life
Li, W. W., & Xie, G. (2020) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/2055102920965053 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Burnout and Perceptions of Stigma and Help-Seeking Behavior Among Pediatric Fellows
Weiss, A. K., Quinn, S. M., Danley, A. L., Wiens, K. J., & Mehta, J. (2021) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2021-050393 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Dimensões de burnout como preditoras da tensão emocional e depressão em profissionais de enfermagem em um contexto hospitalar
Patrício, D. F., Barbosa, S. D. C., da Silva, R. P., & da Silva, R. F. (2022) · Cadernos Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/1414-462x202129040441 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
When Low Leisure-Time Physical Activity Meets Unsatisfied Psychological Needs: Insights From a Stress-Buffer Perspective
Gerber, M., Isoard‐Gautheur, S., Schilling, R., Ludyga, S., Brand, S., & Colledge, F. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02097 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The impact of COVID-19 on teachers' mental health
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Is Burnout a Depressive Condition? A 14-Sample Meta-Analytic and Bifactor Analytic Study
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Self-citation

Authors: Schonfeld, I. S., & Bianchi, R.
Affiliations: The Graduate Center, CUNY (US)
University of Neuchâtel (CH)
Corresponding author: Schonfeld, Irvin Sam
ORCID: Schonfeld, Irvin Sam
Bianchi, Renzo
Venue: Journal of Clinical Psychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2015-10-09
Volume: 72
Issue: 1
Pages: 22-37
ISSN: 0021-9762 (ISSN-L)
1097-4679
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22229
OpenAlex: W2340706487
Cited by: 345
References: 103
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 30.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Keywords: burnout, depression, school teachers, occupational stress, workplace support, life events, anxiety, Patient Health Questionnaire
MeSH terms: Adult, Burnout, Professional, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Faculty, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Social Support, United States

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Burnout and Depression: Two Entities or One?

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