Cited by 1,372Career Development and DiversityGender and Technology in EducationScience Education and Perceptions

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Ambient belonging: how stereotypical cues impact gender participation in computer science

Cheryan, Sapna, Plaut, Victoria C., Davies, Paul G., Steele, Claude M.·2009·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/a0016239

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Abstract

People can make decisions to join a group based solely on exposure to that group's physical environment. Four studies demonstrate that the gender difference in interest in computer science is influenced by exposure to environments associated with computer scientists. In Study 1, simply changing the objects in a computer science classroom from those considered stereotypical of computer science (e.g., Star Trek poster, video games) to objects not considered stereotypical of computer science (e.g., nature poster, phone books) was sufficient to boost female undergraduates' interest in computer science to the level of their male peers. Further investigation revealed that the stereotypical broadcast a masculine stereotype that discouraged women's sense of ambient belonging and subsequent interest in the environment (Studies 2, 3, and 4) but had no similar effect on men (Studies 3, 4). This masculine stereotype prevented women's interest from developing even in environments entirely populated by other women (Study 2). Objects can thus come to broadcast stereotypes of a group, which in turn can deter people who do not identify with these stereotypes from joining that group.

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Authors: Cheryan, S., Plaut, V. C., Davies, P. G., & Steele, C. M.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
University of British Columbia (CA)
Stanford University (US)
ORCID: Cheryan, Sapna
Plaut, Victoria C.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2009
Volume: 97
Issue: 6
Pages: 1045-1060
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/a0016239
OpenAlex: W2056648275
Cited by: 1,372
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 71 · 2025: 105 · 2024: 137 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 98 · 2021: 117 · 2020: 182 · 2019: 131 · 2018: 91 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 47.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Berkley Law Scholarship Repository (University of California, Berkeley) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Career Development and Diversity
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Technology in Education
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Science Education and Perceptions
Keywords: gender stereotypes, gender gap in computing, stereotype threat, women in technology, gendered objects, female undergraduates
MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance, Computers, Cues, Environment, Female, Gender Identity, Georgia, Group Processes, Humans, Male, Social Identification, Social Perception, Stereotyped Behavior, Stereotyping, Students, Organizational Culture, Informatics

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Ambient belonging: how stereotypical cues impact gender participation in computer science

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