Randomized trial of brief motivational treatments for pathological gamblers: more is not necessarily better
Abstract
The efficacy of brief treatments for media-recruited pathological gamblers was tested in a randomized clinical trial design (N = 314). Two self-directed motivational interventions were compared with a 6-week waiting list control and a workbook only control. Brief motivational treatment involved a telephone motivational interview and a mailed self-help workbook. Brief motivational booster treatment involved a telephone motivational interview, a workbook, and 6 booster telephone calls over a 9-month period. Primary outcomes were gambling frequency and dollar losses. As hypothesized, brief and brief booster treatment participants reported less gambling at 6 weeks than those assigned to the control groups. Brief and brief booster treatment participants gambled significantly less often over the first 6 months of the follow-up than workbook only participants. However, the workbook only participants were as likely to have significantly reduced their losses over the year and to have not met criteria for pathological gambling. Contrary to the hypothesis, participants in the brief booster treatment group showed no greater improvement than brief treatment participants. These results provide further support for the value of brief motivational treatments for pathological gambling.
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These results appear to be coherent with other studies evaluating the efficacy of offline self-help treatments.
“These results appear to be coherent with other studies evaluating the efficacy of offline self-help treatments (Hodgins et al., 2009; Giroux et al., 2015).”
From Online and Mobile Interventions for Problem Gambling, Alcohol, and Drugs: A Systematic Review (2017) · cites this paper as Hodgins et al., 2009
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Self-citationFink, A., Parhami, I., Rosenthal, R. J., Campos, M. D., Siani, A., & FONG, T. W. (2012) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03911.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Education for Rational Thought
Toplak, M. E., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139048224.006 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Echeburúa, E., Departamento de Personalidad, E. Y. T. P., Amor, P. J., Gómez, M., Departamento de Psicología de la Personalidad, E. Y. T. P., & Instituto de formación continua-IL3, U. D. B. (2017) · Salud Mental · doi:10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2017.038 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Schell, C., Godinho, A., & Cunningham, J. A. (2020) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-020-09970-1 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Intranasal as needed naloxone in the treatment of gambling disorder: A randomised controlled trial
Alho, H., Mäkelä, N., Isotalo, J., Toivonen, L., Ollikainen, J., & Castrén, S. (2021) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107127 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Rodda, S. N., Dowling, N. A., Knaebe, B., & Lubman, D. I. (2017) · International Gambling Studies · doi:10.1080/14459795.2017.1388831 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cunningham, J. A., Hodgins, D. C., Bennett, K., Bennett, A., Talevski, M., Mackenzie, C. S., & Hendershot, C. S. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3291-7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationNilsson, A., Simonsson, O., & Hellner, C. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02368-1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Abbott, M., Bellringer, M., Vandal, A. C., Hodgins, D. C., Battersby, M., & Rodda, S. N. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013490 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationBoumparis, N., Baumgartner, C., Malischnig, D., Wenger, A., Achab, S., Khazaal, Y., Keough, M. T., Hodgins, D. C., Bilevicius, E., Single, A. N., et al. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2023.00045 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationAn inpatient treatment program for people with gambling problems: Synopsis and early outcomes
Morefield, K., Walker, C., Smith, D., Harvey, P., Dunn, K., & Battersby, M. (2014) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-013-9462-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A Randomized Controlled Trial for Gambling Disorder and PTSD: Seeking Safety and CBT
Najavits, L. M., Ledgerwood, D. M., & Afifi, T. O. (2023) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-023-10224-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Free, B. L., Smith, E. H., Ginley, M. K., Whelan, J. P., & Pfund, R. A. (2024) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108110 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Innovative Treatment Approaches in Gambling Disorder
Snippe, L., Boffo, M., Stewart, S. H., Dom, G., & Wiers, R. W. H. J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03060-5_10 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Psychological Interventions in Gambling Disorder
Ginley, M. K., Rash, C. J., & Petry, N. M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03060-5_9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cognitive‐Behavioral Therapy: Translating Research into Clinical Practice
Blaszczynski, A. P., & Nower, L. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118316078.ch9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Treatment of harmful gambling: a scoping review of United Kingdom-based intervention research
Seel, C. J., Jones, M., Christensen, D. R., May, R. J., Hoon, A. E., & Dymond, S. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05843-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Stenbro, A. W., Moldt, S., Eriksen, J. W., & Frostholm, L. (2023) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-023-10199-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Brazeau, B. W., Cunningham, J. A., & Hodgins, D. C. (2024) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100707 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationBui, V., Baumgartner, C., Bilevicius, E., Single, A. N., Vedelago, L., Morris, V. L., Kempe, T., Schaub, M. P., Stewart, S. H., MacKillop, J. M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2022.00081 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationMagnusson, K., Nilsson, A., Andersson, G., Hellner, C., & Carlbring, P. (2019) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-019-09847-y · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wall, H., Magnusson, K., Hellner, C., Andersson, G., Jayaram‐Lindström, N., & Rosendahl, I. K. (2023) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-023-01257-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Challet‐Bouju, G., Caillon, J., Leboucher, J., Thiabaud, E., Saillard, A., Balem, M., & Grall‐Bronnec, M. (2024) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-024-10328-0 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Effect of Psychosocial Interventions on Gambling Disorder: A Systematic Review
Mete, M. V. P. H., Susanti, H., & Chandra, Y. A. (2024) · JKEP · doi:10.32668/jkep.v9i1.1476 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Brazeau, B. W., Hodgins, D. C., Cunningham, J. A., Bennett, K., & Bennett, A. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05912-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationPromoting self-change in cannabis use disorder: Findings from a randomized trial
Schluter, M. G., Hodgins, D. C., Stea, J. N., & Kilborn, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1015443 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationMilic, J., Lohan, A., Petch, J. F., Turner, W. A., & Casey, L. M. (2021) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-021-10045-y · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Paul, M. L., Meinerding, M., Weinstock, J., Ginley, M. K., Whelan, J. P., & Pfund, R. A. (2024) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0001024 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cunningham, J. A., Hodgins, D. C., Keough, M. T., Hendershot, C. S., Bennett, K., Bennett, A., & Godinho, A. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2672-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationInternet gaming and addiction: a reply to King & Delfabbro
Petry, N. M., Rehbein, F., Gentile, D. A., Lemmens, J. S., Rumpf, H., Mößle, T., Bischof, G., Tao, R., Fung, D. S. S., Borges, G. L. G., et al. (2014) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12549 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Smith, E. H., Free, B. L., Ginley, M. K., Whelan, J., & Pfund, R. A. (2025) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-025-10444-5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Yokotani, K. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/24088 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cuestionario breve de juego patológico en estudiantes colombianos: propiedades psicométricas
Ruíz, J. I., & Echeburúa, E. (2017) · Universitas Psychologica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.upsy16-3.cbjp · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hodgins, D. C., Currie, S. R., Currie, G., & Fick, G. H.
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 950-960
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W2156618671
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- gambling addiction, motivational interview, self-help workbook, telephone-delivered intervention, gambling frequency, gambling losses, treatment efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Canada, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Gambling, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Manuals as Topic, Middle Aged, Motivation, Professional-Patient Relations, Psychotherapy, Brief, Self Care, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Retreatment, Young Adult
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