The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Tests enhance the transfer of learning
Abstract
Numerous learning studies have shown that if the period of time devoted to studying information (e.g., casa-house) includes at least 1 test (casa-?), performance on a final test is improved-a finding known as the testing effect. In most of these studies, however, the final test is identical to the initial test. If the final test requires a novel demonstration of learning (i.e., transfer), prior studies suggest that a greater degree of transfer reduces the size of the testing effect. The authors tested this conjecture. In 2 experiments, 4th- or 5th-grade students learned to assign regions or cities to map locations and returned 1 day later for 2 kinds of final tests. One final test required exactly the same task seen during the learning session, and the other final test consisted of novel, more challenging questions. In both experiments, testing effects were found for both kinds of final tests, and the testing effect was no smaller, and actually slightly larger, for the final test requiring transfer. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).
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In the citing paper
“However, the benefits of testing have been shown to support non-verbal visual and spatial information, including locations on maps (Carpenter and Pashler, 2007; Rohrer et al., 2010), identifying birds (Jacoby et al., 2010), name-face associations (Morris and Fritz, 2002; Helder and Shaughnessy, 2008), statistics (Szpunar et al., 2013), and spatial locations of objects (Sommer et al., 2008).”
From Neural Correlates of Long-Term Memory Enhancement Following Retrieval Practice (2021) · cites this paper as Rohrer et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“The phenomenon of retrieval-induced facilitation has ties to the literature on transfer, which has shown that retrieval practice can enhance near transfer (Butler 2010, Kang et al. 2011, Rohrer et al. 2010).”
From Practicing Retrieval Facilitates Learning (2021) · cites this paper as Rohrer et al. 2010
Citations
Cites
Levels of processing versus transfer appropriate processing
Morris, C. D., Bransford, J. D., & Franks, J. J. (1977) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(77)80016-9 · Cited by 2,296
The power of testing memory: Basic research and implications for educational practice
Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00012.x · Cited by 2,037
The Critical Importance of Retrieval for Learning
Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger, H. L. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1152408 · Cited by 1,791 · cited 1×
“Moreover, tests can improve learning by a dramatic degree (e.g., Karpicke & Roediger, 2008 ).”
BackgroundRocky Roads to Transfer: Rethinking Mechanism of a Neglected Phenomenon
Salomon, G., & Perkins, D. N. (1989) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep2402_1 · Cited by 1,121
Testing the testing effect in the classroom
McDaniel, M. A., Anderson, J. L., Derbish, M. H., & Morrisette, N. (2007) · European Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/09541440701326154 · Cited by 563
Pyc, M. A., & Rawson, K. A. (2009) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2009.01.004 · Cited by 551
Test format and corrective feedback modify the effect of testing on long-term retention
Kang, S. H. K., McDermott, K. B., & Roediger, H. L. (2007) · European Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/09541440601056620 · Cited by 513
(2018) · Archives of Psychology · doi:10.31296/aop · Cited by 500
Testing improves long-term retention in a simulated classroom setting
Butler, A. C., & Roediger, H. L. (2007) · European Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/09541440701326097 · Cited by 434
The "testing" phenomenon: Not gone but nearly forgotten.
Glover, J. A. (1989) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.81.3.392 · Cited by 392
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dunlosky, J., Rawson, K. A., Marsh, E. J., Nathan, M. J., & Willingham, D. T. (2013) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100612453266 · Cited by 3,138
The critical role of retrieval practice in long-term retention
Roediger, H. L., & Butler, A. C. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.09.003 · Cited by 1,796
The effect of testing versus restudy on retention: A meta-analytic review of the testing effect.
Rowland, C. A. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0037559 · Cited by 1,066
Rethinking the Use of Tests: A Meta-Analysis of Practice Testing
Adesope, O. O., Trevisan, D. A., & Sundararajan, N. (2017) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654316689306 · Cited by 544
Repeated testing produces superior transfer of learning relative to repeated studying.
Butler, A. C. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0019902 · Cited by 492
Metadata
- Authors
- Rohrer, D., Taylor, K., & Sholar, B.
- Affiliations
- University of South Florida (US)
- ORCID
- Rohrer, Doug
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 233-239
- ISSN
- 0278-7393 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1285
- OpenAlex
- W1974636110
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 10.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- US Department of Education (R305B070537)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational and Psychological Assessments
- Keywords
- testing effect, retrieval practice, transfer of learning, final test, memory retention, children's learning
- MeSH terms
- Child, Discrimination Learning, Female, Humans, Learning, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Space Perception, Transfer, Psychology
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