Avoidance of emotional facial expressions in social anxiety: the approach-avoidance task
Abstract
The Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) was employed to indirectly investigate avoidance reactions to stimuli of potential social threat. Forty-three highly socially anxious individuals (HSAs) and 43 non-anxious controls (NACs) reacted to pictures of emotional facial expressions (angry, neutral, or smiling) or to control pictures (puzzles) by pulling a joystick towards themselves (approach) versus pushing it away from themselves (avoidance). HSAs showed stronger avoidance tendencies than NACs for smiling as well as angry faces, whereas no group differences were found for neutral faces and puzzles. In contrast, valence ratings of the emotional facial expressions did not differ between groups. A critical discrepancy between direct and indirect measures was observed for smiling faces: HSAs evaluated them positively, but reacted to them with avoidance.
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The present findings may lend support for potential therapeutic benefits of OT for psychiatric disorders such as social anxiety and autism exhibiting altered approach/avoidance towards social stimuli.
“Moreover, within this context, the present findings may lend support for potential therapeutic benefits of OT for psychiatric disorders such as social anxiety and autism exhibiting altered approach/avoidance towards social stimuli (Heuer et al., 2007; Davis et al., 2010; Roelofs et al., 2010; Tanaka and Sung, 2016).”
From Oxytocin facilitates approach behavior to positive social stimuli via decreasing anterior insula activity (2018) · cites this paper as Heuer et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Heuer, K., Rinck, M., & Becker, E. S.
- Affiliations
- Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Heuer, Kathrin
- ORCID
- Becker, Eni S.
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2990-3001
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2132361143
- Cited by
- 380
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 10.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Radboud Universiteit
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- social anxiety, emotional facial expressions, avoidance behavior, approach-avoidance task, angry faces, smiling faces, emotional valence, direct and indirect measures, social danger
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anger, Anxiety Disorders, Emotions, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Male, Smiling, Social Behavior, Social Perception, Visual Perception, Case-Control Studies
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