Deciding in the dark: Age differences in intuitive risk judgment.
Abstract
Elevated levels of risky behavior in adolescence may signal developmental change in unconscious appraisal of risk. Yet, prior research examining adolescent risk judgment has used tasks that elicit conscious deliberation. The present study, in contrast, attempts to characterize age differences in (less conscious) intuitive impressions of risk. Participants (N = 282; ages 10-30) were presented with depictions of a range of risky and nonrisky activities. They were given 2.5 s to rate each activity on a continuous scale ranging from "bad idea" (low-risk favorability) to "good idea" (high-risk favorability). A curvilinear pattern was found, such that favorability ratings increased across adolescence and peaked around age 20. These results pose a challenge to developmental models that view early adolescence as the period of greatest predisposition toward risk taking; however, they are fairly consistent with age patterns for actual risk taking, at least with respect to crime, binge drinking, and unwanted pregnancy.
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Constructs reflecting the functional status of the socioemotional and cognitive control systems, like sensation seeking and impulsivity, tend to be highly correlated despite being theoretically and empirically separable.
“constructs reflecting the functional status of the socioemotional and cognitive control systems, like sensation seeking and impulsivity, tend to be highly correlated (e.g., Shulman and Cauffman, 2014, Steinberg et al., 2008), despite being theoretically and empirically separable (Duckworth and Kern, 2011, Duckworth and Steinberg, 2015).”
From The dual systems model: Review, reappraisal, and reaffirmation (2016) · cites this paper as Shulman and Cauffman, 2014
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“…precision has resulted in the same measures (e.g., delay discounting, acting without thinking) being used as indicators of both cognitive control (Shulman and Cauffman, 2014; Vazsonyi and Ksinan, 2017; van den Bos et al., 2015) and socioemotional systems (Cyders et al., 2009; Weigard et al.,…”
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“Shulman and Cauffman (2014) investigated risk-taking in 282 participants aged 10-30 years.”
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“…dan bukan untuk memecahkan masalah yang dihadapinya, sehingga keputusan-keputusan yang diambil justru membawa remaja masuk ke dalam permasalahan yang lebih dalam (Blakemore & Robins, 2012; Crone & Dahl, 2012; Hansen, dkk., 2014; Shulman & Cauffman, 2014; Terav & Keltikangas, 1998; Wolff, 2012).”
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Füzy, E., Fouché, N., & Clow, S. E. (2024) · African Journal of Midwifery and Women s Health · doi:10.12968/ajmw.2023.0028
- Authors
- Shulman, E. P., & Cauffman, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- ORCID
- Cauffman, Elizabeth
- Venue
- Developmental Psychology
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 167-177
- ISSN
- 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0599
- OpenAlex
- W2081223650
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 3.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (SES-1024961)
- American Psychological Foundation
- American Psychology–Law Society
- University of California, Irvine
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- risk judgment, intuitive judgment, adolescence, age differences, risk-taking, developmental changes, binge drinking, crime, unwanted pregnancy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aging, Child, Cognition, Decision Making, Female, Generalization, Psychological, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Intelligence Tests, Judgment, Male, Reaction Time, Risk-Taking, Social Behavior, Statistics as Topic, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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