The teen brain: insights from neuroimaging
Abstract
Few parents of a teenager are surprised to hear that the brain of a 16-year-old is different from the brain of an 8-year-old. Yet to pin down these differences in a rigorous scientific way has been elusive. Magnetic resonance imaging, with the capacity to provide exquisitely accurate quantifications of brain anatomy and physiology without the use of ionizing radiation, has launched a new era of adolescent neuroscience. Longitudinal studies of subjects from ages 3-30 years demonstrate a general pattern of childhood peaks of gray matter followed by adolescent declines, functional and structural increases in connectivity and integrative processing, and a changing balance between limbic/subcortical and frontal lobe functions, extending well into young adulthood. Although overinterpretation and premature application of neuroimaging findings for diagnostic purposes remains a risk, converging data from multiple imaging modalities is beginning to elucidate the implications of these brain changes on cognition, emotion, and behavior.
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Brain regions involved in cognitive control undergo comparatively gradual and protracted maturation, involving reductions in gray matter density and increases in myelination, from preadolescence through at least the mid-20s.
“Brain regions involved in cognitive control undergo comparatively gradual and protracted maturation, involving reductions in gray matter density and increases in myelination, from preadolescence through at least the mid-20s (Asato, Terwilliger, Woo & Luna, 2010; Giedd, 2008).”
From Peers increase adolescent risk taking by enhancing activity in the brain’s reward circuitry (2011) · cites this paper as Giedd, 2008
Some mental machinery supporting cold processing continues to mature beyond adolescence.
“some of the mental machinery that supports “cold” processing continues to mature well beyond adolescence (e.g., lateral prefrontal cortex: O’Donnell, Noseworth, Levine, & Dennis, 2005; Asato, Terwilliger, Woo & Luna, 2010; Giedd, 2008,)”
From Impact of socio-emotional context, brain development, and pubertal maturation on adolescent risk-taking (2013) · cites this paper as Giedd, 2008
Cortical thinning in the prefrontal cortex is evident throughout adolescence and well into the second decade of life, indicating this system continues to mature beyond late adolescence.
“cortical thinning (associated with decreases in gray matter and increases in white matter) in the PFC is evident throughout adolescence and well into the second decade of life, indicating that this system continues to mature even beyond late adolescence”
From Impact of socio-emotional context, brain development, and pubertal maturation on adolescent risk-taking (2013) · cites this paper as Giedd, 2008
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- Authors
- Giedd, J. N.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Giedd, Jay N.
- ORCID
- Giedd, Jay N.
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescent Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 335-343
- ISSN
- 1054-139X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1967526316
- Cited by
- 775
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 49
- FWCI
- 3.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Adolescent Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- adolescent brain development, brain connectivity, limbic system, prefrontal cortex, longitudinal neuroimaging, adolescent cognition, adolescent emotions, adolescent behavior
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Psychiatry, Adult, Brain, Child, Child Development, Child Psychiatry, Child, Preschool, Female, Genetics, Behavioral, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neurosciences
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