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Habituation: a model phenomenon for the study of neuronal substrates of behavior

Thompson, Richard F., Spencer, William A.·1966·Psychological Review

DOI 10.1037/h0022681

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“Consistent with this view, habituation exhibits many of the same characteristics of learning seen with multiple stimuli (Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
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“This response reduces following a recurrent stimulus, and is termed habituation (Thompson and Spencer, 1966; Cohen et al., 1997; Rankin et al., 2009).”
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“These studies demonstrated that territorial aggression evoked by acoustic playbacks simulating a new territorial neighbor exhibits many of the characteristics typical of response habituation that were originally enumerated in the seminal review by Thompson and Spencer (1966).”
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“Habituation so defined refers to a stimulusspecific phenomenon of response decrement; changes in stimulus parameters should dishabituate the response ( Thompson and Spencer 1966 ).”
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“The dual-process model (Thompson & Spencer, 1966) is an alternative to information-processing accounts of habituation.”
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“This diminution is most likely to be related to habituation mechanisms (Thompson and Spencer, 1966).”
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“Habituation can be defined as the decrease in response to the repeated presentation of a stimulus (Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
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“Habituation is a nonassociative learning process in which the repeated exposure to a stimulus leads to diminished responding (Catania, 2013; Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
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“Thompson and his colleagues extended this work by demonstrating that the spinal cord could support habituation and sensitization (Groves and Thompson, 1970; Thompson and Spencer, 1966).”
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“To distinguish between both possibilities Thompson and Spencer (1966) suggested a set of criteria, among which dis-habituation, the recovery of the response by a stimulus of a different quality.”
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“…Ltd. unchanging sensory input and the detection of change reflect fundamental forms of learning and memory that are crucial for adaptive interaction between cognitive agents and their worlds (Meng & Lee, 2005; Rose & Rankin, 2001; Sokolov, 1963; Thompson & Spencer, 1966; Tighe & Leaton, 1976).”
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Background
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“We next evaluated habituation, a primitive non‐associative learning response de‐ fined by a gradually decreased response over time to a continuous or repetitive stimulus [63].”
Method
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“Thompson and Spencer [49] produced a list of nine identifying characteristics of habituation; these were recently revised by an interdisciplinary group of researchers convened for the purpose, and their characteristics, and the justification for the changes from Thompson and Spencer [49] are described in Rankin et al…”
BackgroundMethod
The carotid body and arousal in the fetus and neonate
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“When exposed repeatedly to n initially stressful stimulus that is never followed by arm, the strength of the response may decline, a proess known as habituation (Thompson and Spencer, 1966).”
Background
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“…postsynaptic modifications during actual learning has also been studied; dishabituation, a form of nonassociative learning related to sensitization (Thompson and Spencer 1966), depends critically on postsynaptic vesicle exocytosis, as shown by the sensitivity of this form of learning to the…”
Background
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“Behavioral habituation is a decrement in response to repeated stimulation (Thompson and Spencer 1966).”
BackgroundInfluential
Chapter 33 Neuronal signals of importance to the performance of visual recognition memory tasks: evidence from recordings of single neurones in the medial thalamus of primates
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Lecanuet, J., Fifer, W. P., Krasnegor, N. A., & Smotherman, W. P. (1995) · doi:10.4324/9780203773628-25 · Cited by 26
Habituation of blink reflexes in Parkinsonian patients under levodopa and amantadine treatment
Messina, C., Rosa, A. E. D., & Tomasello, F. F. (1972) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(72)90136-0 · Cited by 26
Habituation of cardiac and motor responses to a moving visual stimulus in the blowfly (Calliphora vomitoria).
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Cross-modal facilitation of infant visual fixation: Temporal and intensity effects
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Blocking of a CS-US association by a US-US association.
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Habituation During Sleeping and Waking
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Comparative Aspects of Habituation in Invertebrates
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Long-Term Potentiation, Long-Term Depression, and Learning
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Neural Signals of Video Advertisement Liking: Insights into Psychological Processes and Their Temporal Dynamics
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“Moreover, neural activity is known to be modulated by various factors such as habituation and sensitization (Thompson and Spencer 1966), and therefore caution must be warranted when inferring moment-to-moment psychological states from contemporaneous signals.”
Evidence for risk extrapolation in decision making by tadpoles
Crane, A. L., & Ferrari, M. C. O. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep43255 · Cited by 25
Temporally specific engagement of distinct neuronal circuits regulating olfactory habituation in Drosophila
Σεμελίδου, Ο., Acevedo, S. F., & Skoulakis, E. M. C. (2018) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.39569 · Cited by 29
Spontaneous recovery, time course, and circadian influence on habituation of the cardiovascular responses to repeated restraint stress in rats
dos Santos, C. E. M., Benini, R., & Crestani, C. C. (2020) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-020-02451-9 · Cited by 25
“Additionally, it is important to mention that Thompson and Spencer [41] proposed that habituation beyond asymptotic levels might delay the spontaneous recovery.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
The mobile assistance for regulating smoking (MARS) micro-randomized trial design protocol
Nahum-Shani, I., Potter, L. N., Lam, C. Y., Yap, J., Moreno, A., Stoffel, R., Wu, Z., Wan, N., Dempsey, W., Kumar, S., et al. (2021) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2021.106513 · Cited by 23

Authors: Thompson, R. F., & Spencer, W. A.
Affiliations: University of Oregon (US)
Venue: Psychological Review
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1966
Volume: 73
Issue: 1
Pages: 16-43
ISSN: 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
1939-1471
DOI: 10.1037/h0022681
OpenAlex: W2055171682
Cited by: 2,608
References: 118
Citations by year: 2026: 75 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 82
FWCI: 22.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: habituation, neural basis of learning, psychobiology, associative learning
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Behavior, Humans, Neurophysiology, Psychophysiology

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