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Habituation: a model phenomenon for the study of neuronal substrates of behavior

Thompson, Richard F., Spencer, William A.·1966·Psychological Review

DOI 10.1037/h0022681

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Haaker, J., Maren, S., Andreatta, M., Merz, C. J., Richter, J., Richter, S. H., Drexler, S. M., Lange, M. D., Jüngling, K., Nees, F., et al. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.020 · Cited by 92
“These additional learning processes recruited in differential protocols include not only safety learning (as discussed above), but also stimulus habituation (Thompson and Spencer, 1966) and learned irrelevance (Baetu et al.”
Sensitization and habituation regulate reinforcer effectiveness
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“First, most studies of habituation examine the waning of a reflexive response (e.g., a leg flexion, Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
BackgroundInfluential
Habituation: Events in the history of its characterization and linkage to synaptic depression. A new proposed kinetic criterion for its identification
Christoffersen, G. R. J. (1997) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(97)00031-2 · Cited by 87
Behavioral choice and habituation in the marine mollusk Pleurobranchaea californica MacFarland (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia)
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Long-term retention of the habituation of lick suppression and startle response produced by a single auditory stimulus.
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Prolonged Habituation of the Gill-Withdrawal Reflex inAplysiaDepends on Protein Synthesis, Protein Phosphatase Activity, and Postsynaptic Glutamate Receptors
Ezzeddine, Y., & Glanzman, D. L. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-29-09585.2003 · Cited by 86
“Habituation, perhaps the simplest form of learning, is the decrement in an animal’s response to repeated presentations of a (typically innocuous) stimulus, in which the decrement cannot be ascribed simply to injury, receptor adaptation, or motor fatigue (Thompson and Spencer, 1966).”
Background
Habituation in songbirds
Dong, S., & Clayton, D. F. (2008) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2008.09.009 · Cited by 86
“Habituation is one of the most fundamental forms of adaptation to experience (Harris, 1943; Thompson, 2000; Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
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The effect of sensitization and coping style on post‐traumatic stress symptoms and quality of life: Two longitudinal studies
Johnsen, B. H., Eid, J., Laberg, J. C., & Thayer, J. F. (2002) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00285 · Cited by 86
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Lateral inhibition and habituation of the human auditory cortex
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Friedman, S. (1972) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-0965(72)90095-1 · Cited by 86
Infant habituation and generalization to differing degrees of stimulus novelty
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“One key regulation mechanism in the nervous system is habituation, which can be understood as a diminished response of a single nerve cell or a larger neuronal population to a repeatedly presented stimulus [46].”
Background
Parametric studies of the response decrement produced by mechanical stimuli in the protozoan, Stentor coeruleus
Wood, D. C. (1969) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/neu.480010309 · Cited by 85
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“…response habituation has been viewed as a specific case of the more general situation of stimulus-response habituation, and thereby qualifies as a form of simple non-associative learning that is manifest by response decrement over time (Thompson and Spencer, 1966, Grissom and Bhatnagar, 2009).”
Background
An Interacting Systems Model of Infant Habituation
Sirois, S., & Denis Mareschal, B. (2004) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/0898929042304778 · Cited by 85
“First, habituation responses generally show an exponential decrease over trials (Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
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Habituation and Dishabituation in the Absence of a Central Nervous System
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Effects of stimulus frequency and intensity on habituation and sensitization in acute spinal cat
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“That is, the crows would initially show a neophobic response and then gradually habituate (24, 25).”
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“Behavioral response habituation as a result of repeated stimulation [10] is a well-known phenomenon that can be observed in many behavioral situations.”
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What Kind of Habituation is Impaired in Migraine Patients?
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Effects of neophobia and habituation on the poison-induced avoidance of exteroceptive stimuli in the rat.
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“Habituation is thought to involve encoding, which is a form of learning ( for a historical review, see R. F. Thompson, 2009; for a classic paper on habituation, see R. F. Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
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“Habituation does not lessen behavioral responses due to sensory adaptation or motor fatigue [35].”
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Ge, H., Madeleine, P., & Arendt‐Nielsen, L. (2004) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.09.041 · Cited by 80
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Pain perception decrement produced through repeated stimulation
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Behavioral aftereffects of unpredictable and uncontrollable aversive events.
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“Thompson and Spencer defined habituation as an exponential decline in the response to repeated stimuli which recovers over time if the stimulus is removed.”
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Habituation and tonic immobility in domestic chickens.
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“Habituation is a reduction in the response to a stimulus when it is repeated, and is a ubiquitous phenomenon displayed by most multicellular organisms ( Thompson & Spencer, 1966 ).”
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“Habituation to stimulation implies a response decrement to repeated stimulation [Thompson and Spencer, 1966].”
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Changes in the blink responses to combined trigeminal, acoustic and visual repetitive stimulation, studied in the human subject
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“…(1997) pointed out, the terminology debate regarding habituation could not be settled until the 1960s, because, only then, the number of studies that investigated the behavioural phenomenon had grown sufficiently large, so that Thompson and Spencer (1966) could establish an operational definition.”
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Critical analysis of the concept of sensory stimulation for patients in vegetative states
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“Persistently elevated levels of ACh favoring attention to immediate events over memory consolidation, and by extension, recall, could lead to impaired habituation to repeated environmental stressors (Grissom & Bhatnagar, 2009; Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
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“The results relative to the temporal trend of BOLD signal during the sustained stimulation show an initial increasing in fMRI activation in the first part of the test and a subsequent decrease that can be explained by the theory of prolonged stimulation [16], and by the habituation phenomenon that is very frequently e…”
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“In contrast to the intensive research on the reduction of sensory responses, as in adaptation or habituation (Thompson and Spencer, 1966), detailed studies of the enhancement of sensory responses have been mainly limited to sensitization in pain sensation (Millan, 1999) and defensive responses in…”
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Bastien, C., & Campbell, K. B. (1994) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00109.x · Cited by 72
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Mechanisms of habituation in the brain stem.
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Authors: Thompson, R. F., & Spencer, W. A.
Affiliations: University of Oregon (US)
Venue: Psychological Review
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1966
Volume: 73
Issue: 1
Pages: 16-43
ISSN: 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
1939-1471
DOI: 10.1037/h0022681
OpenAlex: W2055171682
Cited by: 2,608
References: 118
Citations by year: 2026: 75 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 82
FWCI: 22.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: habituation, neural basis of learning, psychobiology, associative learning
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Behavior, Humans, Neurophysiology, Psychophysiology

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