Cited by 2,608Memory and Neural MechanismsNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 118 of the 118 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Habituation: a model phenomenon for the study of neuronal substrates of behavior

Thompson, Richard F., Spencer, William A.·1966·Psychological Review

DOI 10.1037/h0022681

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/h0022681

Cites

118 of 118 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Conflict, arousal, and curiosity.
Berlyne, D. E. (1960) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11164-000 · Cited by 6,018
The Integrative Action of the Nervous System.
Sherrington, C. (1907) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-190734120-00021 · Cited by 4,136
Principles of Behavior
Skinner, B. F., & Hull, C. L. (1944) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1416955 · Cited by 4,061
Handbook of Experimental Psychology
(1952) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1952.02930050088038 · Cited by 2,276
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF SYNAPSES
Ginsborg, B. L. (1964) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology and Cognate Medical Sciences · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1964.sp001756 · Cited by 1,917
Learning and Instinct in Animals
Kennedy, J. S., & Thorpe, W. H. (1964) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.2307/2644 · Cited by 1,591
Voluntary strength and fatigue
Merton, P. A. (1954) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1954.sp005070 · Cited by 1,448
HIPPOCAMPAL ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN AROUSAL
Green, J. D., & Arduini, A. (1954) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1954.17.6.533 · Cited by 1,396
Hilgard and Marquis' Conditioning and learning
Hilgard, E. R., MARQUIS, D. G., & Kimble, G. A. (1961) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,297
Conditioning and learning
Eysenck, M. W. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315736945-15 · Cited by 695

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 118 references

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 1,003

Systematic phenomics analysis of autism-associated genes reveals parallel networks underlying reversible impairments in habituation
McDiarmid, T. A., Belmadani, M., Liang, J., Meili, F., Mathews, E., Mullen, G. P., Hendi, A., Wong, W.-R., Rand, J. B., Mizumoto, K., et al. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1912049116 · Cited by 69
Reduced Sensory Habituation in Autism and Its Correlation with Behavioral Measures
Jamal, W., Cardinaux, A., Haskins, A. J., Kjelgaard, M., & Sinha, P. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04780-1 · Cited by 69
Maternal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Disregulation during the Third Trimester Influences Human Fetal Responses
Sandman, C. A., Glynn, L. M., Wadhwa, P. D., Chicz-DeMet, A., Porto, M., & Garite, T. (2003) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000071467 · Cited by 73
“Habituation measures the response decrement resulting from repeated exposure to a familiar stimulus [Mac-Kintosh, 1987; Thompson and Spencer, 1966; Tighe and Leaton, 1976].”
Background
In Vivo Ca2+ Imaging Reveals that Decreased Dendritic Excitability Drives Startle Habituation
Marsden, K. C., & Granato, M. (2015) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.060 · Cited by 72
“A prime example of this is habituation, a non-associative form of learning (Thompson and Spencer, 1966) in which repeated inconsequential stimuli elicit a progressive decline in the behavioral response (Groves and Thompson, 1970; Rankin et al., 2009; Thompson and Spencer, 1966).”
Adverse effects of artificial illumination on bat drinking activity
Russo, D., Cistrone, L., Libralato, N., Korine, C., Jones, G., & Ancillotto, L. (2017) · Animal Conservation · doi:10.1111/acv.12340 · Cited by 72
The effects of variable exposure in flooding therapy
Marshall, W. L. (1985) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(85)80040-x · Cited by 72
Amplitude and Habituation of the Orienting Reflex as a Function of Stimulus Intensity
Jackson, J. C. (1974) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01133.x · Cited by 72
Development of Visual Memory in Infants
Werner, J. S., & Perlmutter, M. C. (1979) · Advances in child development and behavior · doi:10.1016/s0065-2407(08)60112-3 · Cited by 74
Interactions between Depression and Facilitation within Neural Networks: Updating the Dual-Process Theory of PlasticityPreprint
Prescott, S. A. (1998) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.5.6.446 · Cited by 73
A Behavioral and Genetic Dissection of Two Forms of Olfactory Plasticity in Caenorhabditis elegans: Adaptation and HabituationPreprint
Bernhard, N., & van der Kooy, D. (2000) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.7.4.199 · Cited by 72
“Although habituation has been defined traditionally as a decrement in response after repeated presentation of a single stimulus (Harris 1943; Thompson and Spencer 1966), we consider this equivalent to a continuous presentation of a stimulus for a given period of time, and our controls demonstrate that the criteria for…”
Influential
Brain-wide visual habituation networks in wild type and fmr1 zebrafish
Legorreta, E. M., Constantin, L., Piber, M., Favre‐Bulle, I. A., Taylor, M. A., Blevins, A. S., Giacomotto, J., Bassett, D. S., Vanwalleghem, G. C., & Scott, E. K. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28299-4 · Cited by 72
Relation of olfactory event-related potentials to changes in stimulus concentration
Tateyama, T., Hummel, T. R., Roscher, S., Post, H., & Kobal, G. (1998) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section · doi:10.1016/s0168-5597(98)00022-7 · Cited by 71
Long-term patterns of change in ERPs across repeated measurements
Kinoshita, S., Inoue, M., Maeda, H., Nakamura, J., & Morita, K. (1996) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(96)00130-8 · Cited by 71
Visual evoked potentials in subgroups of migraine with aura patients
Coppola, G., Bracaglia, M., Lenola, D. D., Lorenzo, C. D., Serrao, M., Parisi, V., Renzo, A. D., Martelli, F., Fadda, A., Schoenen, J. E., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-015-0577-6 · Cited by 70
“fatigue or motor fatigue” [78, 79], we cannot totally ex-”
Background
The appetitively motivated “cognitive” holeboard: A family of complex spatial discrimination tasks for assessing learning and memory
van der Staay, F. J., Gieling, E. T., Pinzón, N. E., Nordquist, R. E., & Ohl, F. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.07.008 · Cited by 72
The “novelty response” in an electric fishresponse properties and habituation
POST, N., & VONDEREMDE, G. (1999) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00153-5 · Cited by 70
Medial cerebellum and long-term habituation of acoustic startle in rats.
Leaton, R. N., & Supple, W. F. (1991) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.105.6.804 · Cited by 70
Behavioral neurobiology of learning in terrestrial snails
Balaban, P. M. (1993) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(93)90038-t · Cited by 70
DIFFERENTIATION OF CONDITIONED AND ORIENTING RESPONSE COMPONENTS IN ELECTRODERMAL CONDITIONING
Öhman, A. (1971) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00432.x · Cited by 70
Assessing the Functional Significance of Lesion-Induced Neuronal Plasticity
Steward, O. (1982) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60626-1 · Cited by 70
How do bumblebees first find flowers? Unlearned approach responses and habituation
Simonds, V. M., & Plowright, C. M. S. (2004) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.03.020 · Cited by 70
“It is a form of learning, and as such, it does not include response decrements due to fatigue, trauma, ageing, and so forth (Thompson & Spencer 1966).”
Background
Implicit and explicit categorization of natural scenes
Codispoti, M., Ferrari, V., Cesarei, A. D., & Cardinale, R. (2006) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(06)56003-0 · Cited by 69
“Thus, habituation can be defined as an unlearned behavioural process that results in a diminution of response (i.e., decreased response magnitude and/or increases in response latency) to stimuli that are repeatedly presented (Harris, 1943; Thompson and Spencer, 1966).”
Background
The nictitating membrane response: An electrophysiological study of the abducens nerve and nucleus and the accessory abducens nucleus in rabbit
Berthier, N. E., & Moore, J. W. (1983) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)91143-5 · Cited by 69
Stimulus-specific long-term habituation of visually guided orienting behavior toward prey in toads: a14C-2DG study
Finkenst�dt, T., & Ewert, J. ‐. (1988) · Journal of Comparative Physiology A · doi:10.1007/bf00611991 · Cited by 69
“Habituation of the orienting response toward prey in toads - defined as a decrement in response activity with repeated stimulation (Thompson and Spencer 1966; Groves and Thompso n 1970) - c a n be obtained following prolonged exposure to the same moving visual prey stimulus.”
Background
Behavioral Neuroscience
Thompson, R. F. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/03405-7 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Habituation to repeated painful and non-painful cutaneous stimuli: a quantitative psychophysical study
Milne, R. J., Kay, N., & IRWIN, R. J. (1991) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00231861 · Cited by 68
Nonassociative learning as gated neural integrator and differentiator in stimulus-response pathways
Poon, C., & Young, D. L. (2006) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-2-29 · Cited by 66
CRITICISMS OF THE SATIETY HYPOTHESIS AS AN EXPLANATION FOR WITHIN‐SESSION DECREASES IN RESPONDING
McSweeney, F. K., & Murphy, E. S. (2000) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2000.74-347 · Cited by 68
“Habituation usually increases with increases in stimulus exposure (Characteristic 8, Table 1; e.g., Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Visual habituation and dishabituation in preterm infants: A review and meta-analysis
Kavšek, M., & Bornstein, M. H. (2010) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.04.016 · Cited by 74
“Beyond that, habituation represents an elementary kind of nonassociative learning (Kandel, 2007; Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
Background
Auditory habituation in the fetus and neonate: an fMEG study
Muenssinger, J., Matuz, T., Schleger, F., Kiefer‐Schmidt, I., Goelz, R., Wacker‐Gussmann, A., Birbaumer, N., & Preissl, H. T. (2013) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12025 · Cited by 67
Release of Luteinizing Hormone in Male Mice During Exposure to Females: Habituation of the Response
Coquelin, A., & Bronson, F. H. (1979) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.573924 · Cited by 67
Decrement of somatosensory evoked potentials during repetitive stimulation
Angel, R. W., Quick, W. M., Boylls, C. C., Weinrich, M., & Rodnitzky, R. L. (1985) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(85)90007-0 · Cited by 67
Interrelationships of hippocampal EEG and visual evoked responses during appetitive behavior in rats
Pond, F. J., & Schwartzbaum, J. S. (1972) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(72)90278-8 · Cited by 67
Single-cell analysis of habituation in Stentor coeruleus
Rajan, D. H., Makushok, T., Kalish, A., Acuna, L., Bonville, A., Almanza, K. C., Garibay, B., Tang, E., Voss, M., Lin, A. W., et al. (2022) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.010 · Cited by 66
Developmental neurotoxic effects of two pesticides: Behavior and biomolecular studies on chlorpyrifos and carbaryl
Lee, I., Eriksson, P., Fredriksson, A., Buratovic, S., & Viberg, H. (2015) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2015.08.014 · Cited by 67
The Role of Novelty in Early Word Learning
Mather, E., & Plunkett, K. (2012) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/j.1551-6709.2012.01239.x · Cited by 66
Neurogenetic approaches to habituation and dishabituation in Drosophila
Engel, J. E., & Wu, C. (2008) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2008.08.003 · Cited by 66
Habituation of responding for food in humans
Ernst, M. M., & Epstein, L. H. (2002) · Appetite · doi:10.1006/appe.2001.0484 · Cited by 66
The evolutionary significance of habituation and sensitization across phylogeny: A behavioral homeostasis model
Eisenstein, E. M., Eisenstein, D. L., & Smith, J. C. (2001) · Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/bf02688794 · Cited by 66
“At least the first six of the nine characteristics of habituation described in Table 1 by Thompson & Spencer (1966) have been seen in the aneural ciliated protozoa, Spirostomum and Stentor (Applewhite et al,, 1969, Eisenstein et al., 1973: Kinastowski, t963; Osborn et at., 1973; Hamilton, 1975; Wood, 1970 & Wyers et a…”
BackgroundInfluential
Nitric Oxide/cGMP-Mediated Protein Kinase A Activation in the Antennal Lobes Plays an Important Role in Appetitive Reflex Habituation in the Honeybee
Müller, U., & Hildebrandt, H. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-19-08739.2002 · Cited by 66
“Habituation is a gradual decline in a behavioral response resulting from repeated stimulation of a reflex pathway ( Thompson and Spencer, 1966; Groves and Thompson, 1970).”
Background
The subjective sense of feeling satiated.
Redden, J. P., & Galak, J. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0028896 · Cited by 62
“…compares to an adaptation level that pools the effects of past stimuli (Helson, 1964); and habituation, which models the decline in response to repeated stimulation as a function of how frequently the stimulus has been encountered in the past (McSweeney & Swindell, 1999; Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
Habituation of Averaged Evoked Potentials in Man
Callaway, E. (1973) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-549802-9.50011-x · Cited by 65
Monosynaptic habituation in the vertebrate forebrain: The dentate gyrus examined in vitro
Teyler, T. J., & Alger, B. E. (1976) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90358-9 · Cited by 65
Learning-dependent neuronal responses recorded from limbic system brain structures during classical conditioning
Berger, T. W., Clark, G. A., & Thompson, R. F. (1980) · Physiological Psychology · doi:10.3758/bf03332846 · Cited by 65
Self-citation
Early extinction after fear conditioning yields a context-independent and short-term suppression of conditional freezing in rats.Preprint
Chang, C.-H., & Maren, S. (2009) · Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · doi:10.1101/lm.1085009 · Cited by 65
“Consistent with this possibility, short-term habituation often exhibits spontaneous recovery over 24-h retention intervals (Thompson and Spencer 1966; McSweeney and Swindell 2002).”
BackgroundResult
Nonlinearities in Meerkat Alarm Calls Prevent Receivers from Habituating
Karp, D., Manser, M. B., Wiley, E. M., & Townsend, S. W. (2013) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/eth.12195 · Cited by 64
Brief mental breaks and content-free cues may not keep you focused
Helton, W. S., & Russell, P. N. (2012) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3065-0 · Cited by 64
“Classically, dishabituation itself habituates (Thompson and Spencer 1966; Thompson 2009).”
Background
Power supply disruptions deter electric vehicle adoption in cities in China
Qiu, Y. L., Deng, N., Wang, B., Shen, X., Wang, Z., Hultman, N., Shi, H., Liu, J., & Wang, Y. D. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-50447-1 · Cited by 64
“Thehabituationtheoryisformalizedbyseveral psychology studies 78 – 80 .”
Responsiveness to sucrose and habituation of the proboscis extension response in honey bees
Scheiner, R. (2004) · Journal of Comparative Physiology A · doi:10.1007/s00359-004-0531-6 · Cited by 64
“Habituation has already been investigated in much detail ( Thompson and Spencer 1966 ), which makes it a well-suited example of non-associative learning.”
BackgroundResult
Induction and duration of tonic immobility in the lemon shark, Negaprion brevirostris
Watsky, M. A., & Gruber, S. H. (1990) · Fish Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/bf00004459 · Cited by 64
“Habituation may be defined as a response decrement resulting from repeated stimulation ( Thompson and Spencer 1966 ).”
Background
Insula–amygdala functional connectivity is correlated with habituation to repeated negative images
Denny, B. T., Fan, J., Liu, X., Guerreri, S., Mayson, S. J., Rimsky, L., New, A. S., Siever, L. J., & Koenigsberg, H. W. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst160 · Cited by 64
“Habituation is a long-recognized behavioral and physiological consequence of repeated stimulus presentation across many species (Thompson and Spencer, 1966), governed at the cellular level by plasticity in synaptic transmission (Castellucci et al., 1970; Kupfermann et al., 1970; Pinsker et al.,…”
Background
Your memory is working against you: How eye tracking and memory explain habituation to security warnings
Anderson, B. B., Jenkins, J. L., Vance, A., Kirwan, C. B., & Eargle, D. (2016) · Decision Support Systems · doi:10.1016/j.dss.2016.09.010 · Cited by 68
Short-term and long-term habituation of the acoustic startle response in chronic decerebrate rats.
Leaton, R. N., Cassella, J. V., & Borszcz, G. S. (1985) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.99.5.901 · Cited by 64
Effect of number of trials, interstimulus interval, and dishabituation during CS habituation on subsequent conditioning in a CER paradigm
Lantz, A. E. (1973) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03199250 · Cited by 64
Cell learning
Tang, S. K. Y., & Marshall, W. F. (2018) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.015 · Cited by 63
Harder to Ignore? Revisiting Pop-Up Fatigue and Approaches to Prevent It
Bravo-Lillo, C., Cranor, L. F., Komanduri, S., Schechter, S., & Sleeper, M. (2014) · Symposium On Usable Privacy and Security · Cited by 63
A Peripheral Mechanism for Behavioral Adaptation to Specific “Bitter” Taste Stimuli in an Insect
Glendinning, J. I., Brown, H., Capoor, M., Davis, A., Gbedemah, A., & Long, E. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-10-03688.2001 · Cited by 63
“We avoided an exclusive term like habituation because it refers to a highly specific form of nonassociative sensory learning (Thompson and Spencer, 1966; Leibrecht and Askew, 1980).”
Background
The Influence of Gestational Diabetes on Neurodevelopment of Children in the First Two Years of Life: A Prospective Study
Cai, S., Qiu, A., Broekman, B. F. P., Wong, E. Q., Gluckman, P. D., Godfrey, K. M., Saw, S., Soh, S., Kwek, K. Y. C., Chong, Y. S., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162113 · Cited by 63
Passive exposure attenuates distraction during visual search.
Won, B.-Y., & Geng, J. J. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000760 · Cited by 63
cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase as a Modifier of Behaviour
Reaume, C. J., & Sokolowski, M. B. (2008) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68964-5_18 · Cited by 63
“Habituation is a well-studied form of non-associative learning in which a behavioural response is reduced or extinguished following repeated stimulation (Thompson and Spencer 1966; Castellucci and Kandel 1974).”
Background
Children's postural sway in response to low- and high-frequency visual information for oscillation.
Schmuckler, M. A. (1997) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.23.2.528 · Cited by 63
Habituation as a mechanism of reduced aggression between neighboring territorial male bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana).
Bee, M. A., & Gerhardt, H. C. (2001) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037//0735-7036.115.1.68 · Cited by 63
Effects of Posttraining Administration of Insulin on Retention of a Habituation Response in Mice: Participation of a Central Cholinergic Mechanism
Kopf, S. R., & Baratti, C. M. (1999) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1006/nlme.1998.3831 · Cited by 63
Human startle reflex: technique and criteria for abnormal response
Chokroverty, S., Walczak, T. S., & Hening, W. (1992) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section · doi:10.1016/0168-5597(92)90111-n · Cited by 63
Physiological and Pathogenic Effects of Sound
Borg, E. (1981) · Acta Oto-Laryngologica · doi:10.3109/00016488109108887 · Cited by 63
Biological Psychology
Thompson, R. F., & Zola, S. M. (2003) · Handbook of Psychology · doi:10.1002/0471264385.wei0103 · Cited by 63
Self-citation
Pharmacological analyses of learning and memory in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Bailey, J. M., Oliveri, A. N., & Levin, E. D. (2015) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2015.03.006 · Cited by 66
“…refers to the situation in which a response (often a reflexive response) becomes less likely or less vigorous following repeated stimulation (Thompson & Spencer, 1966; Rankin et al., 2009) and can be understood within the context that animals tend to acclimate to a stimulus that is not…”
Background
Learning from the spinal cord: How the study of spinal cord plasticity informs our view of learning
Grau, J. W. (2013) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.08.003 · Cited by 62
“If stimulus intensity is manipulated across groups, those exposed to weaker levels of stimulation will likely exhibit a greater decline in response magnitude during training (time-1; Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
Earnings notifications, investor attention, and the earnings announcement premium
Chapman, K. L. (2018) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2018.05.002 · Cited by 62
Contextual control of long-term habituation in rats.
Jordan, W. P., Strasser, H. C., & McHale, L. (2000) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037//0097-7403.26.3.323 · Cited by 60
Does the N100 evoked potential really habituate? Evidence from a paradigm appropriate to a clinical setting
Barry, R. J., Cocker, K. I., Anderson, J. W., Gordon, E., & RENNIE, C. J. (1992) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/0167-8760(92)90014-3 · Cited by 62
Habituation of an odorant‐induced startle response in Drosophila
Cho, W., Heberlein, U., & Wolf, F. W. (2004) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2004.00061.x · Cited by 62
“Classical studies of habituation have reported that strong stimuli (i.e. noxious stimuli) may fail to produce response attenuation (Harris 1943; Thompson & Spencer 1966).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Sensitization in Aplysia : Restoration of Transmission in Synapses Inactivated by Long-Term Habituation
Carew, T. J., Castellucci, V. F., & Kandel, E. R. (1979) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.451611 · Cited by 62
Factor Analytically Derived Components of Orienting, Defensive, and Conditioned Behavior in Electrodermal Conditioning
Öhman, A. (1972) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1972.tb00754.x · Cited by 62
Stimulus-specific adaptation, habituation and change detection in the gaze control system
Gutfreund, Y. (2012) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/s00422-012-0497-3 · Cited by 60
“…problem because many examples of behavioral habituation have been reported with ISIs of tens of seconds to minutes, even for short duration stimuli (Thompson and Spencer 1966; Weinberger et al. 1975; Bala and Takahashi 2000; Zimmer 2006; Glanzman 2009; Dong and Clayton 2006; Valentinuzzi and…”
Background
Saliency mapping in the optic tectum and its relationship to habituation
Dutta, A., & Gutfreund, Y. (2014) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2014.00001 · Cited by 61
“Moreover, the phenomenon of habituation is amodal, independent of sensory modality (Thompson and Spencer, 1966).”
Background
Assessing Speech Discrimination in Individual Infants
Houston, D. M., Horn, D. L., Qi, R. A., Ting, J. Y., & Gao, S. (2007) · Infancy · doi:10.1111/j.1532-7078.2007.tb00237.x · Cited by 62
“Moreover, it has been established that a dishabituating stimulus will itself become a habituat-ing stimulus after repeated exposure (Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
Interactions of the estrous cycle, novelty, and light on female and male rat open field locomotor and anxiety-related behaviors
Miller, C. K., Halbing, A. A., Patisaul, H. B., & Meitzen, J. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113203 · Cited by 61
Startle potentiation: Shock sensitization, aversive learning, and affective picture modulation.
Greenwald, M. K., Bradley, M. M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (1998) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.112.5.1069 · Cited by 61
Cortical Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Contribute to Habituation of a Simple Odor-Evoked Behavior
Best, A. R., Thompson, J. V., Fletcher, M. L., & Wilson, D. A. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5298-04.2005 · Cited by 61
Habituation of aggression in mice: Pharmacological evidence of catecholaminergic and serotonergic mediation
Winslow, J., & Miczek, K. A. (1983) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00427564 · Cited by 61
A Two-Factor Dual-Process Theory of Habituation and Sensitization
Petrinovich, L. F. (1984) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-549860-9.50008-0 · Cited by 61
Stimulus Selection and Behavioral Inhibition
Warburton, D. M. (1977) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3180-3_9 · Cited by 61
Pre‐ to postsleep change in psychophysiological reactivity to emotional films: Late‐night REM sleep is associated with attenuated emotional processing
Werner, G. G., Schabus, M., Blechert, J., Kolodyazhniy, V., & Wilhelm, F. H. (2015) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12404 · Cited by 62
Effects of Fluoxetine on Habituation of Pattern Reversal Visually Evoked Potentials in Migraine Prophylaxis
Özkul, Y., & Bozlar, S. (2002) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1046/j.1526-4610.2002.02144.x · Cited by 61
Peri-ictal Normalization of Visual Cortex Excitability in Migraine: an MEG Study
Chen, W.-T., Wang, S.-J., Fuh, J., Lin, C.-P., Ko, Y.-C., & Lin, Y.-Y. (2009) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.01857.x · Cited by 60
Plasticity of aggressive signalling and its evolution in male spring peepers, Pseudacris crucifer
Marshall, V. T., Humfeld, S. C., & Bee, M. A. (2003) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1006/anbe.2003.2134 · Cited by 60
Assessment and Recognition of Rivals in Anuran Contests
Bee, M. A., Reichert, M. S., & Tumulty, J. P. (2016) · Advances in the study of behavior · doi:10.1016/bs.asb.2016.01.001 · Cited by 60
Do animals satiate or habituate to repeatedly presented reinforcers?
McSweeney, F. K., & Roll, J. M. (1998) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03208818 · Cited by 59
THE PSYCHOLOGY IN PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
Ursin, H. (1998) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00036-5 · Cited by 62
“This gradual decrement in response is referred to as habituation (Thompson and Spencer, 1966).”
Background
Attention, habituation and conditioning: toward a computational model
Balkenius, C. (2000) · Cited by 59
Discrimination of individuals by scent in a primate
Mertl‐Millhollen, A. S. (1975) · Behavioral Biology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6773(75)90684-7 · Cited by 60
Habituation and Dishabituation: Interactions between Peripheral and Central Nervous Systems in Aplysia
Lukowiak, K. D., & Jacklet, J. W. (1972) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.178.4067.1306 · Cited by 60
Visual pattern memory without shape recognition
Dill, M., & Heisenberg, M. (1995) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1995.0100 · Cited by 60
Visual Physiology of the Mammalian Superior Colliculus
Chalupa, L. M. (1984) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-5376-6_19 · Cited by 60
The Acoustic Startle Response and Disruption of Aiming: I. Effect of Stimulus Repetition, Intensity, and Intensity Changes
Foss, J. A., Ison, J. R., Torre, J. P., & Wansack, S. (1989) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872088903100305 · Cited by 59
The socially evaluated cold-pressor test (SECPT) for groups: Effects of repeated administration of a combined physiological and psychological stressor
Minkley, N., Schröder, T. P., Wolf, O. T., & Kirchner, W. H. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.03.022 · Cited by 59
“In the majority of cases, habituation occurs after repeated exposure to the same stressor (e.g. Grissom and Bhatnagar, 2009; Thompson and Spencer, 1966).”
Background
Plasticity of Recurrent Inhibition in theDrosophilaAntennal Lobe
Sudhakaran, I. P., Holohan, E. E., Osman, S., Rodrigues, V., VijayRaghavan, K., & Ramaswami, M. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1099-12.2012 · Cited by 62
“Habituation to continuous, unreinforced exposure occurs to either simple or complex percepts (Thompson and Spencer, 1966; Glanzman, 2009).”
Background
New determinants of olfactory habituation
Sinding, C., Valadier, F., Hassani, V. A., Féron, G., Tromelin, A., Kontaris, I., & Hummel, T. R. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep41047 · Cited by 59
Desensitizing the attention system to distraction while idling: A new latent learning phenomenon in the visual attention domain.
Turatto, M., Bonetti, F., Pascucci, D., & Chelazzi, L. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000503 · Cited by 58
“Alternatively, the ability of the cognitive system to progressively ignore a recurrent distractor can also be interpreted in light of the more general phenomenon of habituation (Thompson, 2009; Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
Background

Authors: Thompson, R. F., & Spencer, W. A.
Affiliations: University of Oregon (US)
Venue: Psychological Review
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1966
Volume: 73
Issue: 1
Pages: 16-43
ISSN: 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
1939-1471
DOI: 10.1037/h0022681
OpenAlex: W2055171682
Cited by: 2,608
References: 118
Citations by year: 2026: 75 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 82
FWCI: 22.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: habituation, neural basis of learning, psychobiology, associative learning
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Behavior, Humans, Neurophysiology, Psychophysiology

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Habituation: a model phenomenon for the study of neuronal substrates of behavior

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks