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Habituation: a model phenomenon for the study of neuronal substrates of behavior

Thompson, Richard F., Spencer, William A.·1966·Psychological Review

DOI 10.1037/h0022681

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Human olfactory consciousness and cognition: its unusual features may not result from unusual functions but from limited neocortical processing resources
Stevenson, R. J., & Attuquayefio, T. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00819 · Cited by 40
“This can be conceptualized, as with our discussion of perceiving one smell at a time (Section Mouth and Nose), as being a further consequence of automatic stimulus selection, which in turn may result from limited neocortical processing resources.”
Background
Transient autonomic responses during sustained attention in high and low fit young adults
Luque‐Casado, A., Perakakis, P., Ciria, L. F., & Sanabria, D. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep27556 · Cited by 41
Loss-of-function mutation in Mirta22/Emc10 rescues specific schizophrenia-related phenotypes in a mouse model of the 22q11.2 deletion
Diamantopoulou, A., Sun, Z., Mukai, J., Xu, B., Fénelon, K., Karayiorgou, M., & Gogos, J. A. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1615719114 · Cited by 40
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Habituation to complex emotional stimuli.
Averill, J. R., Malmstrom, E. J., Koriat, A., & Lazarus, R. S. (1972) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0033309 · Cited by 41
“With regard to Ss, most studies reporting the generalization of habituation 'have been performed on infrahuman animals (Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
Background
Memory consolidation and reconsolidation of an inhibitory avoidance task in mice: Effects of a new different learning task
Boccia, M. M., Blake, M. G., Acosta, G. B., & Baratti, C. M. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.04.068 · Cited by 43
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Harkins, S. W., McEvoy, T. M., & Scott, M. (1979) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207457909160474 · Cited by 41
Learning in Gastropod Mollusks
Willows, A. O. D. (1973) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3009-7_5 · Cited by 41
Protection from premature habituation requires functional mushroom bodies in DrosophilaPreprint
Acevedo, S. F., Froudarakis, E. I., Κανελλόπουλος, Α., & Skoulakis, E. M. C. (2007) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.566007 · Cited by 40
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Attrill, A., & Fullwood, C. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137517036 · Cited by 40
Punishment and its putative fallout: A reappraisal
Fontes, R. M., & Shahan, T. A. (2020) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.653 · Cited by 40
“Habituation is defined as a reduction in responsiveness to a stimulus following repeated or prolonged exposure to that stimulus (Rankin et al., 2009; Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
Background
Sensory-specific satiation and satiety
Hetherington, M. M., & Havermans, R. C. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9780857098719.4.253 · Cited by 41
Habituation of Sexual Responses in Men and Women: A Test of the Preparation Hypothesis of Women's Genital Responses
Dawson, S. J., Suschinsky, K. D., & Lalumière, M. L. (2013) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/jsm.12032 · Cited by 40
Mechanisms of plasticity in a Caenorhabditis elegans mechanosensory circuit
Bozorgmehr, T., Ardiel, E. L., McEwan, A. H., & Rankin, C. H. (2013) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2013.00088 · Cited by 40
“Habituation is defined as a gradual decrease in response to repeated stimuli, which is not explained by sensory adaptation/sensory fatigue or motor fatigue (Thompson and Spencer, 1966).”
Background
Partial dissociation of molecular and behavioral measures of song habituation in adult zebra finches
Dong, S., & Clayton, D. F. (2008) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2008.00423.x · Cited by 40
“Keywords: ERK, habituation, latency, songbird, ZENK Received 17 February 2008, revised 5 July 2008, accepted for publication 6 July 2008 Habituation is a fundamental property of animal behavior (Harris 1943; Thompson 2000; Thompson & Spencer 1966).”
Background
Effects of male sexual harassment on female time budgets, feeding behavior, and metabolic rates in a tropical livebearing fish (Poecilia mexicana)
Köhler, A., Hildenbrand, P., Schleucher, E., Riesch, R., Arias‐Rodríguez, L., Streit, B., & Plath, M. W. (2011) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1161-y · Cited by 40
“However, this result is biologically predictable if viewed in light of male harassment being a constant stressor for female poeciliids in their natural environment: when the same stressful situation is encountered over and over again by an organism, stress responsiveness is often observed to decrease over time; a proc…”
How the brain constructs cognition
Mareschal, D. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · Cited by 39
Startle Responses in Hereditary Hyperekplexia
Tijssen, M. A. J., Voorkamp, L. M., Padberg, G. W., & van Dijk, J. G. (1997) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1997.00550160034012 · Cited by 40
Amphetamine-induced conditioned activity does not result from a failure of rats to habituate to novelty
Ahmed, S. H., Oberling, P., Sandner, G., & Scala, G. D. (1996) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02246642 · Cited by 40
“A dishabituation effect is characterized by a loss of a previously well habituated response following the presentation of a novel and intense stimulus ( Thompson and Spencer 1966; Hinde 1970; Groves and Thompson 1970; Mckintosh 1987).”
Background
Learning-related activation in the auditory system of the rat produced by long-term habituation: a 2-deoxyglucose study
Gonzalez-Lima, F., Finkenstädt, T., & Ewert, J. ‐. (1989) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90009-7 · Cited by 40
Long-term habituation (LTH) in the crab Chasmagnathus: a model for behavioral and mechanistic studies of memory
Maldonado, H., Romano, A. G., & Tomsic, D. (1997) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x1997000700001 · Cited by 40
Arousal, Suppression, and Persistence: Frustration Theory, Attention, and its Disorders
Amsel, A. (1990) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939008410798 · Cited by 40
Behavioral effects of acute p-xylene inhalation in rats: Autoshaping, motor activity, and reversal learning
Bushnell, P. J. (1988) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/0892-0362(88)90094-3 · Cited by 40
Spatial EEG correlates of nonassociative and associative olfactory learning in rabbits.
Grajski, K. A., & Freeman, W. (1989) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.103.4.790 · Cited by 40
Central influence on peripherally mediated habituation of anAplysia gill withdrawal response
Peretz, B., & Howieson, D. B. (1973) · Journal of Comparative Physiology A · doi:10.1007/bf00694143 · Cited by 40
“Many of the parameters associated with habituation in mammals (Thompson and Spencer, 1966) are observed in the gill (Peretz, 1970).”
Background
Protection from habituation of the crayfish lateral giant fibre escape response
Bryan, J. S., & Krasne, F. B. (1977) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1977.sp012004 · Cited by 40
Changing Behavior Beyond the Here and Now
Rogers, T., & Frey, E. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118468333.ch25 · Cited by 41
Memory: Neural Organization and Behavior
Squire, L. R. (1987) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp010508 · Cited by 46
The modulation of neurotransmitter release at synaptic junctions
Erulkar, S. D. (1983) · Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bfb0033867 · Cited by 40
Is disgust sensitive to classical conditioning as indexed by facial electromyography and behavioural responses?
Borg, C., Bosman, R. C., Engelhard, I. M., Olatunji, B. O., & de Jong, P. J. (2015) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2015.1022512 · Cited by 39
“This discrepancy between the EMG results and the subjective ratings might reflect differential stimulus habituation effects (Thompson & Spencer, 1966; Lang, Greenwald, Bradley, & Hamm, 1993).”
Result
Stimulus specific habituation in a protozoan
Wood, D. C. (1973) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(73)90011-5 · Cited by 39
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“…reduced local GMV in right superior temporal gyrus, parietal operculum, right inferior frontal gyrus and left precentral gyrus compared to healthy subjects, although none of the latter regions have had a correlation with clinical outcome while areas highlighted only in CM did (Valfrè et al., 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Learning in Cnidaria: A systematic review
Cheng, K. (2021) · Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/s13420-020-00452-3 · Cited by 39
“In bilateria, short-term and long-term habituation (Carew, 2000; Thompson & Spencer, 1966) as well as short-term and long-term sensitization (Carew, 2000) have been distinguished.”
Background
HABITUATION CONTRIBUTES TO WITHIN‐SESSION CHANGES IN FREE WHEEL RUNNING
Aoyama, K., & McSweeney, F. K. (2001) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2001.76-289 · Cited by 39
“…of responsiveness to a habituated stimulus when that stimulus is not presented, is a fundamental property of habituated behavior (see, e.g., Thompson & Spencer, 1966).1 If habituation contributes to the regulation of motivated behavior, then spontaneous recovery should occur for that…”
Background
Insights into a molecular switch that gates sensory neuron synapses during habituation in Aplysia
Gover, T. D., & Abrams, T. W. (2009) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2009.03.006 · Cited by 39
“In the 1960s, Richard Thompson, together with Alden Spencer and Philip Groves, characterized the process of habituation in a simple spinal reflex of cats, recording from the motor neurons that mediate the reflex (Groves & Thompson, 1970; Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
Using differential reinforcement to improve equine welfare: Shaping appropriate truck loading and feet handling
Slater, C., & Dymond, S. (2011) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2011.02.001 · Cited by 39
“Habituation occurs when there is a decrease in responding as a result of the repeated presentation of a stimulus that elicits the response (Peeke and Petrinovich, 1984; Thompson and Spencer, 1966).”
Background
Lactate production and neurotransmitters; evidence from microdialysis studies
Uehara, T., Sumiyoshi, T., Itoh, H., & Kurata, K. (2008) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2008.04.001 · Cited by 39
“The second lactate response to tail pinch or immobilization stress was shorter than the initial response induced by the same stimulus after intervals, eliciting habituation (Takita et al., 1992; Thompson and Spencer, 1966).”
Background
Learning Modifies Odor Mixture Processing to Improve Detection of Relevant Components
Chen, J., Marachlian, E., Assisi, C. G., Huerta, R., Smith, B. H., Locatelli, F. F., & Bazhenov, M. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2345-14.2015 · Cited by 39
“Repeated or prolonged exposure to a stimulus without any reinforcement reduces the behavioral response to that stimulus, which is called habituation (Thompson and Spencer, 1966; Bazhenov et al., 2013).”
Background
The comparator model of infant visual habituation and dishabituation: Recent insights
Kavšek, M. (2012) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21081 · Cited by 39
Toward an Integrative Behavioral Model of Gambling
Weatherly, J. N., & Dixon, M. R. (2007) · Cited by 39
Field potential response changes in the rabbit olfactory bulb accompany behavioral habituation during the repeated presentation of unreinforced odors
Gray, C. M., & Skinner, J. E. (1988) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00279672 · Cited by 39
“These findings confirm previous observations and demonstrate that changes in sniffing behavior can be classified according to the parametric criteria of habituation ( Thompson and Spencer 1966 ) with respect to the magnitude of the response as well as its relative frequency of occurrence (Freeman et al.”
Result
Memory in utero ?
Hepper, P. G. (1997) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07442.x · Cited by 39
Long-term habituation of the acoustic startle response: Role of the cerebellar vermis
Lopiano, L., de’Sperati, C., & Montarolo, P. G. (1990) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(90)90122-k · Cited by 39
Habituation and sensitization of components of the human eyeblink reflex.
Sanes, J. N., & Ison, J. R. (1983) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.97.5.833 · Cited by 39
HABITUATION OF THE ORIENTING REFLEX IN BRAIN DAMAGED PATIENTS
Holloway, F. A., & Parsons, O. A. (1971) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00498.x · Cited by 39
Prenatal exposure to nicotine: effects on prepulse inhibition and central nicotinic receptors.
Popke, E., Tizabi, Y., Rahman, M. A., Nespor, S., & Grunberg, N. (1997) · Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(97)98985-1 · Cited by 41
EEG Evoked Responses to Repetitive Auditory Stimulation in Normal and Down's Syndrome Infants
Barnet, A. B., Elizabeth, E., Ohlrich, S., & Shanks, B. L. (1971) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1971.tb03269.x · Cited by 39
Experience Modifies the Plastic Properties of Identified Neurons
Murphey, R. K., & Matsumoto, S. G. (1976) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1251189 · Cited by 38
The effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on habituation of activity in the developing rat pup
Shaywitz, B. A., Gordon, J. W., Klopper, J. H., & Zelterman, D. A. (1977) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(77)90175-7 · Cited by 39
Habituation of Swimming Activity in the Medicinal Leech
Debski, E. A., & Friesen, W. O. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.116.1.169 · Cited by 39
Altered behavioral and amygdala habituation in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder: An fMRI study
Tam, F. I., King, J. A., Geisler, D., Korb, F. M., Sareng, J., Ritschel, F., Steding, J., Albertowski, K. U., Roessner, V., & Ehrlich, S. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14097-2 · Cited by 38
Habituation to the pleasure elicited by sweetness in lean and obese women
Pepino, M. Y., & Mennella, J. A. (2012) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.01.026 · Cited by 39
“Habituation, one of the simplest forms of learning, is defined as ‘‘a response decrement as a function of stimulus repetition which does not result from either receptor adaptation or effectors fatigue’’ (Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
Sexual dimorphisms in swimming behavior, cerebral metabolic activity and adrenoceptors in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)
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Pheromones modulate reward responsiveness and non-associative learning in honey bees
Baracchi, D., Devaud, J., d'Ettorre, P., & Giurfa, M. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-10113-7 · Cited by 40
Pain perception and laser evoked potentials during menstrual cycle in migraine
de Tommaso, M., Valeriani, M., Sardaro, M., Serpino, C., Difruscolo, O., Vecchio, E., Cerbo, R., & Livrea, P. (2009) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1007/s10194-009-0150-2 · Cited by 38
“According to the definition by Thompson and Spencer [ 16 ], the habituation is a phenomenon of decrement in the amplitude of sensory cortical responses to repeated presentations of similar stimuli, excluding receptor or effectors fatigue, in order to avoid brain over-stimulation.”
Behavioral and physiological responses of female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) to various stressful conditions
Smith, A. S., Lieberwirth, C., & Wang, Z. (2013) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890.2013.794449 · Cited by 37
“This depressed response toward a homotypic stressor has been referred to as habituation (Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
Background
Analysis of auditory evoked potential parameters in the presence of radiofrequency fields using a support vector machines method
Maby, E., Jeannès, R. L. B., Liégeois‐Chauvel, C., Gourévitch, B., & Faucon, G. (2004) · Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing · doi:10.1007/bf02351000 · Cited by 38
“Amplitude decrease of physiological responses is usually due to repeated stimuli (KOTCHOUBEY et al., 564 M 1997; SOININEN et al., 1995; THOMPSON and SPENCER, 1966).”
Background
Solving the Distinctiveness – Blindness Debate: A Unified Model for Understanding Banner Processing
Sun, Y., Lim, K. H., & Peng, J. (2013) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00324 · Cited by 38
“Habituation can also be described by using a variety of other terms such as “adaptation, accommodation, fatigue, inhibition, negative learning, extinction, stimulus satiation, etc” (Thompson & Spencer, 1966, p. 17).”
Background
Changes in P300 amplitude during an active standard auditory oddball task
Lindı́n, M., Zurrón, M., & Dı́az, F. (2004) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2003.10.007 · Cited by 38
Facilitation and inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex in the rat after a momentary increase in background noise level.
Ison, J. R., Taylor, M. K., Bowen, G. P., & Schwarzkopf, S. B. (1997) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.111.6.1335 · Cited by 38
Imagery Vividness Affects Habituation Rate
Drummond, P. D., White, K., & Ashton, R. (1978) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01362.x · Cited by 38
Transfer of persistence across behaviors.
Eisenberger, R., Heerdt, W. A., Hamdi, M., Zimet, S., & Bruckmeir, G. (1979) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.5.5.522 · Cited by 38
Variations in intensity, interstimulus interval, and interval between preconditioning CS exposures and conditioning with rats.
Crowell, C. R., & Anderson, D. C. (1972) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032550 · Cited by 38
Timing and connectivity in the human somatosensory cortex from single trial mass electrical activity
Ioannides, A. A., Kostopoulos, G., Laskaris, N., Liu, L., Shibata, T., Schellens, M., Poghosyan, V., & Khurshudyan, A. (2002) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.10023 · Cited by 38
Experimental Analysis of Sexual Behavior of the Deermouse Peromyscus Maniculatus Gambeli
Clemens, L. G. (1969) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/156853969x00161 · Cited by 38
Psychophysiological responses during analogue systematic desensitization and non-relaxation control procedures
Waters, W. F., McDonald, D. G., & Koresko, R. L. (1972) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(72)90061-7 · Cited by 37
The Influence of Infant Diet on Early Developmental Changes in Processing Human Voice Speech Stimuli: ERP Variations in Breast and Milk Formula-Fed Infants at 3 and 6 Months After Birth
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“With respect to the latter, the role of processes related to refractory periods, response habituation and recovery may be particularly relevant (Budd et al., 1998; Thompson & Spencer, 1966).”
Background
Excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms underlying somatosensory habituation
Klingner, C. M., Hasler, C., Brodoehl, S., & Witte, O. W. (2012) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22163 · Cited by 36
“Habituation is a basic process of learning in which repeated exposure to a stimulus leads to decreased behavioral and neuronal responses [Thompson and Spencer, 1966; Thompson, 2009].”
Background
A Psychological Approach to Musical Form: The Habituation–Fluency Theory of Repetition
Huron, D. (2020) · doi:10.7916/cm.v0i96.5312 · Cited by 40
Development as Change of System Dynamics: Stability, Instability, and Emergence
Schöner, G. (2009) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300598.003.0002 · Cited by 38
“Habituation is the gradual reduction of sensitivity to a repeated form of stimulation and is observed across a wide range of behaviors in many species ( Thompson, Spencer, 1966 ).”
Background
The adaptive pattern of the auditory N1 peak revealed by standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography
Zhang, F., Deshpande, A. K., Benson, C., Smith, M., Eliassen, J. C., & Fu, Q. (2011) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2011.05.036 · Cited by 37
“However, neural adaptation is not the only involved mechanism because the N1 adaptive pattern is not an exponential decay (Thompson and Spencer, 1966).”
Background
Acute Regulation of Habituation Learning via Posttranslational Palmitoylation
Nelson, J. C., Witze, E. S., Ma, Z., Ciocco, F., Frerotte, A., Randlett, O., Foskett, J. K., & Granato, M. (2020) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.016 · Cited by 37
Exposure to a biopesticide interferes with sucrose responsiveness and learning in honey bees
Carlesso, D., smargiassi, S., Sassoli, L., Cappa, F., Cervo, R., & Baracchi, D. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-76852-2 · Cited by 37
A Brunswikian evolutionary developmental theory of preparedness and plasticity
Figueredo, A. J., Hammond, K. R., & McKiernan, E. C. (2005) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2005.03.006 · Cited by 37
“Citing behavioral overlaps years earlier, other researchers have gone so far as to claim that extinction and habituation might be mediated by the same underlying neural mechanisms (e.g., Hawkins & Kandel, 1984; Thompson & Spencer, 1966 ).”
BackgroundInfluential
Habituation of auditory N100 correlates with amygdaloid volumes and frontal functions in age-associated memory impairment
Soininen, H. S., Karhu, J., Partanen, J. V., Pääkkönen, A. K., Jousmäki, V., Hänninen, T., Hallikainen, M., Partanen, K. P. L., Laakso, M. P., Koivisto, K. J., et al. (1995) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)00393-j · Cited by 37
Habituation as a Model of Human Aging
Kastenbaum, R. (1981) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/br5f-h8b7-2b9x-53u8 · Cited by 37
Anxiogenic effects of repeated administrations of 20% CO2-enriched air: stability within sessions and habituation across time
Forsyth, J. P., Lejuez, C. W., & Finlay, C. (2000) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0005-7916(00)00014-8 · Cited by 37
Sporadic major hyperekplexia in neonates and infants: clinical manifestations and outcome
Shahar, E. M., & Raviv, R. (2004) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2003.12.007 · Cited by 37
Gustatory habituation to deterrent allelochemicals in a herbivore: concentration and compound specificity
Glendinning, J. I., & Gonzalez, N. (1995) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/0003-3472(95)80094-8 · Cited by 37
“It has been distinguished from other decremental response processes (e.g. receptor adaptation and effector fatigue) on the basis of attributes such as persistence and stimulus specificity (Thompson & Spencer 1966; Hinde 1970).”
Background
Preparing for the unpredictable: adaptive feedback enhances the response to unexpected communication signals
Marsat, G., & Maler, L. (2011) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00982.2011 · Cited by 37
“…bursting; electric fish; parallel fibers; predictive feedback; pyramidal cells REPETITIVE PRESENTATION of a stimulus typically leads to habituation, a simple form of learning that results in a reduction of the behavioral and/or neural response to that stimulus (Thompson and Spencer 1966).”
Background
The neurobehavioural toxicity of endosulfan in rats: a serotonergic involvement in learning impairment
Paul, V., Balasubramaniam, E., & Kazi, M. (1994) · European Journal of Pharmacology Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0926-6917(94)90074-4 · Cited by 37
Newborn attention: Differential response decrement to visual stimuli
Friedman, S., Nagy, A. N., & Carpenter, G. C. (1970) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-0965(70)90042-1 · Cited by 37
The informon: A network for adaptive pattern recognition
Uttley, A. M. (1970) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(70)90128-1 · Cited by 37
A Species-Meaningful Analysis of Habituation
Petrinovich, L. F. (1973) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-549801-2.50010-2 · Cited by 36
Orienting and habituation after lesions of the medial entorhinal cortex in the albino rat
Köhler, C., & Sundberg, H. (1979) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(79)92342-2 · Cited by 37
Response to displaced neighbours in a territorial songbird with a large repertoire
Briefer, E. F., Aubin, T., & Rybak, F. (2009) · Die Naturwissenschaften · doi:10.1007/s00114-009-0567-0 · Cited by 36
“Habituation is defined as a learning process that produces a response decrement to repeated stimulation (Thomson and Spencer 1966).”
Background
Persistence of fetal memory into neonatal life
González, N. L. G., Suárez, M., Piñero, B. P., Armas, H., Doménech, E., & Bartha, J. L. (2006) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1080/00016340600855854 · Cited by 36
“Habituation is a decrease in responsiveness to a stimulus when that stimulus is presented repeatedly or for a prolonged time (1).”
Background
Affective and physiological responses to stress in girls at elevated risk for depression
Waugh, C. E., Muhtadie, L., Thompson, R. J., Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2012) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579412000235 · Cited by 42
“Habituation is theorized to follow a negative exponential curve (Thompson & Spencer, 1966); consequently, the within- and across-stressor habituation predictors were dummy coded as the natural log of each of the 3 min within each stress task or the three task periods, respectively.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citation
Toward A Taxonomy and Conceptual Model of Play
Hutt, C. (1981) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3195-7_11 · Cited by 36
Habituation of reflexive and motivated behavior in mice with deficient BK channel function
Typlt, M., Mirkowski, M., Azzopardi, E., Ruth, P., Pilz, P. K. D., & Schmid, S. (2013) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2013.00079 · Cited by 36
“While habituation is well characterized behaviorally (Thompson and Spencer, 1966; Groves and Thompson, 1970; Davis, 1984; Rankin et al., 2009), the underlying cellular/molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood.”
Background
Prolonged Repeated Acupuncture Stimulation Induces Habituation Effects in Pain-Related Brain Areas: An fMRI Study
Li, C., Yang, J., Park, K., Wu, H., Hu, S., Zhang, W., Bu, J., Xu, C., Qiu, B., & Zhang, X. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097502 · Cited by 36
“In 1966, a landmark paper published by Thompson and Spencer [36] clarified the definition of habituation by presenting nine characteristics of habituation.”
Concurrent sound segregation based on inharmonicity and onset asynchrony
Lipp, R., Kitterick, P. T., Summerfield, A. Q., Bailey, P. J., & Paul-Jordanov, I. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.01.009 · Cited by 36
Detecting Novel Features of an Environment Using Habituation
Marsland, S., Nehmzow, U., & Shapiro, J. (2000) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3120.003.0021 · Cited by 36
“An overview of the eﬀects and causes of habituation can be found in (Thompson and Spencer, 1966, Peeke and Herz, 1973).”
Background
Tonic immobility in the lizard, iguana iguana
Prestrude, A. M., & Crawford, F. T. (1970) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/s0003-3472(70)80052-5 · Cited by 36
The decerebrate human: Associative learning
Berntson, G. G., Tuber, D. S., Ronca, A. E., & Bachman, D. S. (1983) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(83)90158-9 · Cited by 36
OLFACTORY JUMP REFLEX HABITUATION INDROSOPHILAAND EFFECTS OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING MUTATIONS
Asztalos, Z., Asztalos, Z., Arora, N., & Tully, T. (2007) · Journal of Neurogenetics · doi:10.1080/01677060701247508 · Cited by 36
A review of atropinic drug effects on exploratory choice behavior in laboratory rodents
Hughes, R. N. (1982) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(82)91384-x · Cited by 36
Facilitation of Somatosensory Average-Evoked Potentials in Hysterical Anesthesia and Pain
Moldofsky, H. (1975) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1975.01760200057005 · Cited by 36
ONTOGENY OF PLAY AND EXPLORATORY BEHAVIORS: A DEFINITION OF PROBLEMS AND A SEARCH FOR NEW CONCEPTUAL SOLUTIONS
Welker, W. I. (1971) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-504350-2.50010-2 · Cited by 37

Authors: Thompson, R. F., & Spencer, W. A.
Affiliations: University of Oregon (US)
Venue: Psychological Review
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1966
Volume: 73
Issue: 1
Pages: 16-43
ISSN: 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
1939-1471
DOI: 10.1037/h0022681
OpenAlex: W2055171682
Cited by: 2,608
References: 118
Citations by year: 2026: 75 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 82
FWCI: 22.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: habituation, neural basis of learning, psychobiology, associative learning
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Behavior, Humans, Neurophysiology, Psychophysiology

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