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Cited by 1,520

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Large sample standard errors of kappa and weighted kappa.

Fleiss, Joseph L., Cohen, Jacob, Everitt, B. S.·1969·Psychological Bulletin
DOI 10.1037/h0028106
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Abstract

The statistics kappa (Cohen, 1960) and weighted kappa (Cohen, 1968) were introduced to provide coefficients of agreement between two raters for nominal scales. Kappa is appropriate when all disagreements may be considered equally serious, and weighted kappa is appropriate when the relative seriousness of the different possible disagreements can be specified. The papers describing these two statistics also present expressions for their standard errors. These expressions are incorrect, having been derived from the contradictory assumptions of fixed marginal totals and binomial variation of cell frequencies. Everitt (1968) derived the exact variances of weighted and unweighted kappa when the parameters are zero by assuming a generalized hypergeometric distribution. He found these expressions to be far too complicated for routine use, and offered, as alternatives, expressions derived by assuming binomial distributions. These alternative expressions are incorrect, essentially for the same reason as above. Assume that N subjects are distributed into k* cells by each of them being assigned to one of k categories by one rater and, independently, to one of the same k categories by a second

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Metadata

Authors
Fleiss, J. L., Cohen, J., & Everitt, B. S.
Venue
Psychological Bulletin
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1969-11
Volume
72
Issue
5
Pages
323-327
ISSN
  • 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1455
DOI
10.1037/h0028106
OpenAlex
W1979773093
Cited by
1,520
References
1
FWCI
8.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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