Short-circuiting of threat by experimentally altering cognitive appraisal.
Abstract
Previous research has shown that film-induced threat could be reduced by appropriately designed narratives or sound tracks based on ego-defense theory. This study demonstrated that such a narrative, based on the concepts of denial and reaction formation, is even more effective if presented as an introductory statement before the film begins. It significantly reduced both physiological and self-report evidence of stress reaction. Moreover, the amount of stress reaction and the capacity of the narrative to reduce stress reaction depended upon personality. Ss high in disposition to deny threat as measured by various MMPI scales did indeed deny affective disturbance more than low deniers, while showing greater autonomic evidence of stress reaction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
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In Lazarus's representative study, participants who heard a soundtrack had lower skin conductance and more pleasant mood than participants with no soundtrack.
“Compared with the no soundtrack condition, participants who heard the soundtrack had lower skin conductance levels and more pleasant mood ratings.”
From Emotion regulation: affective, cognitive, and social consequences. (2002) · cites this paper as Lazarus & Alfert, 1964
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- Authors
- Lazarus, R. S., & Alfert, E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1964-08
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 195-205
- ISSN
- 0096-851X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2069939978
- Cited by
- 751
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 637.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Media Influence and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- threat appraisal, cognitive appraisal, defense mechanisms, denial, reaction formation, stress reactions, stress reduction, personality, MMPI, autonomic arousal
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Cognition, Fear, Galvanic Skin Response, Heart, Humans, MMPI, Personality, Personality Disorders, Physiology, Stress, Physiological
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