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Cited by 73Cardiac Health and Mental HealthMental Health Treatment and AccessHealth disparities and outcomes

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Comparing anxiety and depression to obesity and smoking as predictors of major medical illnesses and somatic symptoms.

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Niles, Andrea N., O'Donovan, Aoife·2019·Health Psychology
DOI 10.1037/hea0000707PMC PMC6592048
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Anxiety and depression predict poor physical health longitudinally, but are neglected in primary care settings compared to other risk factors such as obesity and smoking. Further, anxiety has been less commonly studied than depression, and whether anxiety has unique predictive effects for physical health is unknown. We compared anxiety and depression to obesity and smoking as predictors of physical health indices and examined unique predictive effects of anxiety and depression. METHOD: Using data from the Health and Retirement study, a US population-based cohort study of older adults, we tested longitudinal associations of anxiety and depression symptoms with onset of self-reported physical health indices (N = 15,418; M age = 68). Medical illnesses (heart disease, stroke, arthritis, high blood pressure, diabetes, and cancer) and somatic symptoms (stomach problems, shortness of breath, dizziness, back pain, headache, pain, and eyesight difficulties) were assessed on two occasions over four years. Anxiety and depression were measured at the initial time point and tested as predictors of medical illness and somatic symptom onset. RESULTS: Anxiety and depression symptoms predicted greater incidence of nearly all medical illnesses and somatic symptoms. Effects were as strong as or stronger than those of obesity and smoking, and anxiety and depression independently increased risk for most physical health indices assessed. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that anxiety and depression are as strongly predictive of poor future physical health as obesity and smoking and that anxiety is independently linked to poor physical health. Greater attention should be paid towards these conditions in primary care. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

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Metadata

Authors
Niles, A. N., & O'Donovan, A.
Affiliations
San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
ORCID
Niles, Andrea N.
Venue
Health Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2019-02
Volume
38
Issue
2
Pages
172-181
ISSN
  • 0278-6133 (ISSN-L)
  • 1930-7810
DOI
10.1037/hea0000707
PMC
PMC6592048
OpenAlex
W2904137001
Cited by
73
References
8
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6
FWCI
5.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
U.S. Department of Veteran’s Affairs
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Keywords
anxiety, depression, obesity, smoking, physical health, somatic symptoms, older adults, primary care, health risk factors, Health and Retirement Study
MeSH terms
Medically Unexplained Symptoms, Tobacco Smoking, Aged, Anxiety, Depression, Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity, Risk Factors, Self Report

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