Cited by 1,630Adipose Tissue and MetabolismMitochondrial Function and PathologyRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

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Towards a molecular understanding of adaptive thermogenesis

Lowell, Bradford B., Spiegelman, Bruce M.·2000·Nature

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Abstract

Obesity results when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Naturally occurring genetic mutations, as well as ablative lesions, have shown that the brain regulates both aspects of energy balance and that abnormalities in energy expenditure contribute to the development of obesity. Energy can be expended by performing work or producing heat (thermogenesis). Adaptive thermogenesis, or the regulated production of heat, is influenced by environmental temperature and diet. Mitochondria, the organelles that convert food to carbon dioxide, water and ATP, are fundamental in mediating effects on energy dissipation. Recently, there have been significant advances in understanding the molecular regulation of energy expenditure in mitochondria and the mechanisms of transcriptional control of mitochondrial genes. Here we explore these developments in relation to classical physiological views of adaptive thermogenesis.

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Authors: Lowell, B. B., & Spiegelman, B. M.
Affiliations: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Lowell, Bradford B.
Spiegelman, Bruce M.
ORCID: Lowell, Bradford B.
Spiegelman, Bruce M.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2000-04
Volume: 404
Issue: 6778
Pages: 652-660
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/35007527
OpenAlex: W1575263278
Cited by: 1,630
References: 97
Citations by year: 2026: 41 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 71 · 2018: 84 · 2017: 76 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 81 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 67
FWCI: 6.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords: adaptive thermogenesis, energy expenditure, obesity, mitochondria, mitochondrial transcription, energy balance, ambient temperature, diet
MeSH terms: Uncoupling Protein 1, Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Body Temperature, Brain, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Carrier Proteins, DNA-Binding Proteins, Energy Metabolism, Food, Forecasting, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Ion Channels, Membrane Proteins, Mitochondria, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Trans-Activators, Muscle, Skeletal, Mitochondrial Proteins, Nuclear Respiratory Factors, GA-Binding Protein Transcription Factor

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Towards a molecular understanding of adaptive thermogenesis

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