Cited by 2,468Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchMemory and Neural Mechanisms

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Neural consequences of enviromental enrichment

van Praag, Henriette, Kempermann, Gerd, Gage, Fred H.·2000·Nature Reviews Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/35044558

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Abstract

Neuronal plasticity is a central theme of modern neurobiology, from cellular and molecular mechanisms of synapse formation in Drosophila to behavioural recovery from strokes in elderly humans. Although the methods used to measure plastic responses differ, the stimuli required to elicit plasticity are thought to be activity-dependent. In this article, we focus on the neuronal changes that occur in response to complex stimulation by an enriched environment. We emphasize the behavioural and neurobiological consequences of specific elements of enrichment, especially exercise and learning.

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“Moreover, a stimulating environment improves learning and memory formation and is a potent trigger for neuroplastic events in the adult brain—a process originally thought to occur only in the young developing brain (11).”
Background
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“Enriched environment alters the expression of TFs and their receptors in several brain areas (Pham et al. 1999; Ickes et al. 2000; van Praag et al. 2000; Gobbo and O¢Mara 2004; Spires et al. 2004) and induces astrogliogenesis (Steiner et al. 2006).”
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“Enriched environment which also includes sensory motor activity has a known beneficial influence on brain plasticity, even in old age (46).”
Background
Effect of socioeconomic status disparity on child language and neural outcome: how early is early?
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Re-silencing of silent synapses unmasks anti-relapse effects of environmental enrichment
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Long-term environmental enrichment affects microglial morphology in middle age mice
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Correlates of intellectual ability with morphology of the hippocampus and amygdala in healthy adults
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The Environment versus Genetics in Controlling the Contribution of MAP Kinases to Synaptic Plasticity
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Background
The relationship between handgrip strength and cognitive function among older adults in China: Functional limitation plays a mediating role
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“…2004], understanding how environmental factors shape the development and performance of neural structures has implications for the treatment of human diseases [reviewed in van Praag et al., 2000] and is a central goal of developmental neuropsychology [Gluckman et al., 2005; Lupien et al., 2009].”
Female C57BL/6 mice show consistent individual differences in spontaneous interaction with environmental enrichment that are predicted by neophobia
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Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments: White matter pathologies
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“…for subsequent neuronal and cognitive development, this may be mitigated, at least in part, by providing the most conducive environment for promoting neurological development, given the established role of experience and environment in shaping brain structure and function (van Praag et al., 2000).”
Background
New insights into the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in Alzheimer's disease
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Active Dentate Granule Cells Encode Experience to Promote the Addition of Adult-Born Hippocampal Neurons
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Authors: van Praag, H., Kempermann, G., & Gage, F. H.
Affiliations: Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
ORCID: Kempermann, Gerd
Gage, Fred H.
Venue: Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2000-12
Volume: 1
Issue: 3
Pages: 191-198
ISSN: 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
1471-0048
DOI: 10.1038/35044558
OpenAlex: W2096192426
Cited by: 2,468
References: 135
Citations by year: 2026: 59 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 99 · 2021: 113 · 2020: 131 · 2019: 100 · 2018: 134 · 2017: 112 · 2016: 115 · 2015: 133 · 2014: 133 · 2013: 142 · 2012: 129
FWCI: 1.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: environmental enrichment, neuroplasticity, activity-dependent plasticity, physical activity, learning, behavioral recovery, synaptogenesis, stroke recovery
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Cell Division, Environment, Controlled, Humans, Neuronal Plasticity, Sensory Deprivation

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Neural consequences of enviromental enrichment

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